List of automated train systems

The list of automated train systems is ordered in descending order of the degree of automation. It uses the Grade of Automation classifications specified by the standard IEC 62290‐1. These are explained diagrammatically by the UITP.

This list focuses heavily on trains in the classical sense used for large-scale railways for passengers and freight but does include a few people mover systems.

Singapore has the longest automated metro system in the world with all of its Mass Rapid Transit lines having 4th grade automation (GoA4). It has had automated lines since 2003 and currently has 199 km (124 mi) of automated lines with an additional 43 km (27 mi) by 2024 with the completion of the new Thomson–East Coast line.
Shanghai Metro network has the world's 2nd longest automated metro length, consisting of Line 10, Line 14, Line 15 and Line 18 totaling 164 km (102 mi) in length.
Kuala Lumpur's Rapid KL network has the world's 3rd longest automated metro length, consisting of the Kelana Jaya and Kajang Lines totalling 97.4 km (60.5 mi) in length.
The Dubai Metro is fully automated on all lines and is the 4th longest automated metro system in the world with 89.6 km (55.7 mi) in length.

History of metro train automation

The first line to be operated with Automatic Train Operation (ATO) was London Underground's Victoria line, which opened in 1967, although a driver is present in the cabin. Many lines now operate using an ATO system, with the aim of improving the frequency of service. Since then, ATO technology has been developed to enable trains to operate even without a driver in a cab: either with an attendant roaming within the train, or with no staff on board. The first fully automated driverless mass-transit rail network is the Port Island Line in Kobe, Japan. The second in the world (and the first such driverless system in Europe) is the Lille Metro in northern France.

Degrees of automation
Barcelona Metro line 9 without train driver (GoA4)
AirTrain JFK system
LINK Train at Toronto Pearson International Airport
Metro Vancouver's SkyTrain has been in operation since 1985; it is fully automated on all lines and is the 5th longest automated metro system in the world with 79.6 km (49.5 mi) of automated lines.
The Rio Tinto Mining Company in Western Australia runs the world's largest network of driverless trains, with 1,700 km (1,100 mi) of freight railways run by an increasing number of completely unattended trains.

The list is ordered in descending order of the degree of automation. It uses the Grade of Automation classifications specified by the standard IEC 62290‐1.[1] These are explained diagrammatically by the UITP.[2]

Grade-of-Automation 4 (GoA4)

In this system, trains are capable of operating automatically at all times, including door closing, obstacle detection and emergency situations. On-board staff may be provided for other purposes, e.g. customer service, but are not required for safe operation. Controls are often provided to drive the train manually in the event of a computer failure.

Examples include the Paris Metro Line 14, Barcelona Metro line 9, Sydney Metro, and the Copenhagen Metro.

Grade-of-Automation 3 (GoA3)

In this system, trains run automatically from station to station but a staff member is always in the train, with responsibility for handling of emergency situations. In a GoA3 system, the train cannot operate safely without the staff member on board.

Examples include the Docklands Light Railway.

Grade-of-Automation 2 (GoA2)

In this system, trains run automatically from station to station but a driver is in the cab, with responsibility for door closing, obstacle detection on the track in front of the train and handling of emergency situations. As in a GoA3 system, the GoA2 train cannot operate safely without the staff member on board.

Examples include the London Underground Victoria line.

Standard systems for automated operation

Grade-of-Automation 4 systems

These systems are capable of unattended train operation (UTO), although some operators may choose to staff trains anyway.

GoA4 – Americas
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
BrazilPorto Alegre MetroMetro-Airport Connection10 August 2013Aeromovel
São Paulo MetroLine 2 (Green)Bombardier CITYFLO 650[3]
Line 4 (Yellow)25 May 2010Siemens Trainguard MT CBTCFirst completely driverless metro line in Latin America[4]
Line 15 (Silver)30 August 2014Bombardier CITYFLO 650
CanadaLINK Train6 July 2006DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
SkyTrainExpo Line11 December 1985SelTracThe longest driverless network in the Americas, at 79.6 km.[5]
Millennium Line7 January 2002
Canada Line17 August 2009
ChileSantiago MetroLine 322 January 2019SelTrac
Line 62 November 2017
MexicoAerotrén2007DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
United StatesAeroTrain20 January 2010SelTrac
Airport Transit System6 May 1993VAL system
AirTrain JFK17 December 2003SelTrac
AirTrain Newark31 May 1996SelTrac
AirTrain SFO24 February 2003Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Aria Express1 December 2009DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
Bay Area Rapid TransitBART to OAK line22 November 2014DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
Cincinnati Airport People Mover9 June 1994Otis Hovair
Detroit People Mover31 July 1987SelTrac
DFW Skylink21 May 2005Bombardier CITYFLO 650
DIA Automated Guideway Transit28 February 1995Bombardier CITYFLO 550
ExpressTram24 February 2002Otis Hovair
George Bush Intercontinental Airport People MoversSkyway24 May 1999Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Subway1969WEDway[lower-alpha 1]
Getty Center Tram1997Otis Hovair
Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport People MoversThe Plane Train21 September 1980Bombardier CITYFLO 550
ATL Skytrain8 December 2009
Huntsville Hospital Tram System19 June 2002Otis Hovair
Jacksonville Skyway1989SelTrac
Las Vegas Monorail2004SelTrac
Mandalay Bay Tram9 April 1999DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
McCarran International Airport Automated People MoversGreen Line1985Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Blue Line1998
Red Line2012
Memphis Suspension Railway1982
Miami International Airport People MoversMIA e Train1980MiniMetro[lower-alpha 2]
Skytrain15 September 2010Mitsubishi Crystal Mover
MIA Mover9 September 2011
Miami Metromover17 April 1986Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Minneapolis–St. Paul Airport TramsHub Tram3 April 2001Otis Hovair
'C' Concourse People Mover5 May 2004
Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit1975
Orlando International Airport People MoversAirside systems1981Mitsubishi Crystal Mover
Intermodal Terminal system2017
PHX Sky Train8 April 2013Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Pittsburgh International Airport People Mover1 October 1992Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Satellite Transit System1973Bombardier CITYFLO 650
SMF Automated People Mover6 October 2011Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Tampa International Airport People MoversAirside systems1971Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Monorail1991
SkyConnect2018 Mitsubishi Crystal Mover
VenezuelaCabletren Bolivariano14 August 2013DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car

GoA4 – Asia
A Magenta Line Train waiting at a station in Delhi
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
China (Mainland)Beijing Capital International Airport Terminal 3 People MoverMarch 2008Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Beijing SubwayLine 1131 December 2021
Line 17
Line 19
Yanfang line30 December 2017BTCT[6]
Daxing Airport Express26 September 2019[7]
Chengdu MetroLine 918 December 2020Alstom Urbalis 400[8]
Chongqing Rail TransitBishan rubber-tyred tram16 April 2021BYD SkyShuttle
Jinan MetroLine 226 March 2021[9]
Guangzhou MetroAPM Line8 November 2010Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Nanning MetroLine 516 December 2021[10]
Ningbo Rail TransitLine 528 December 2021[11]
Shanghai MetroLine 1010 April 2010Alstom/CASCO Urbalis 888[12]Initially operated in GoA2 and GoA3, transitioned to GoA4 in 2020[13]
Line 1430 December 2021Thales, Shanghai Electric TSTCBTC2.0[lower-alpha 3][15][16]
Line 1523 January 2021Alstom Urbalis 400[17]
Line 1826 December 2020
Pujiang line31 March 2018Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Shenzhen MetroLine 2028 December 2021CASCO Urbalis 888[18]
Suzhou Rail TransitLine 529 June 2021Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[19]
Taiyuan MetroLine 226 December 2020
Tianjin MetroLine 828 December 2021[20]
Wuhan MetroLine 526 December 2021[21]
Wuhu Rail TransitLine 13 November 2021
Line 228 December 2021
Xi'an Qujiang Sightseeing Monorail2015
Hong KongHong Kong International Airport Automated People Mover6 July 1998SelTrac
MTRDisneyland Resort line1 August 2005SelTracMost trains have an attendant on board
South Island line (East)28 December 2016Alstom Urbalis 400All trains have an attendant on board[22]
IndiaDelhi MetroPink Line14 March 2018Bombardier CITYFLO 65058.59 km (36.41 mi). Initially with an attendant on board
Magenta Line25 December 2017Nippon Signal SPARCSInitially with an attendant on board
Grey Line4 October 2019Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Mumbai MetroLine 22 April 2022
Line 7
JapanKanazawa Seaside Line5 July 1989
Kobe New TransitPort Island Line5 February 1981World's first GoA4 line
Rokkō Island Line21 February 1990
Linimo6 March 2005World's first unmanned maglev
Osaka MetroNanko Port Town Line20 October 1991Previously used GoA2 from 1981 to 1991
Skyrail Midorizaka Line28 August 1998People Mover monorail
Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of TransportationNippori-Toneri Liner30 March 2008
Wing Shuttle4 September 1994
Yurikamome1 November 1995Mitsubishi Crystal Mover
MacauMacau Light Rapid TransitTaipa Line10 December 2019[23]
Malaysia KLIA Aerotrain1998Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Rapid KLKelana Jaya Line1 September 1998SelTracThe first GoA4 in Malaysia, at 46.4 km (28.8 mi)
Kajang Line16 December 2016Bombardier CITYFLO 650The second GoA4 and the longest in Malaysia, at 51 km (32 mi)
Ampang Line2017SelTrac[lower-alpha 4]
Sri Petaling Line
Melaka Monorail4 December 2017
PakistanLahore MetroOrange Line25 October 2020CRRC Zhuzhou LocomotiveThe first driverless metro in Pakistan.
QatarDoha MetroRed Line8 May 2019SelTrac
Green Line10 December 2019
Gold Line21 November 2019
Hamad International Airport Shuttle2014DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
Saudi Arabia Princess Nora bint Abdul Rahman University Automated People Mover 2012 AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG [24]
SingaporeChangi Airport Skytrain1990Kyosan APM[lower-alpha 5]
Light Rail Transit (Singapore)Bukit Panjang LRT line6 November 1999Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Sengkang LRT line18 January 2003Kyosan APM
Punggol LRT line29 January 2005
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)North East MRT line20 June 2003Alstom Urbalis 300[lower-alpha 6][lower-alpha 7]
Circle MRT line28 May 2009
Downtown MRT line22 December 2013Siemens Trainguard Sirius CBTC
North South MRT line2017[26] Thales Seltrac® Convergence CBTC[27]
East West MRT line18 June 2017 (Tuas West extension)
28 May 2018 (whole line)[26]
Thomson–East Coast MRT line31 January 2020[28]Alstom Urbalis 400
South KoreaBusan-Gimhae Light Rail Transit9 September 2011SelTrac
Busan MetroLine 430 March 2011
Daegu MetroLine 323 April 2015
Incheon Airport Maglev3 February 2016
Incheon Airport Shuttle train20 June 2008
Incheon SubwayLine 230 July 2016SelTrac
Seoul Light Rapid TransitU Line1 July 2012VAL system
Everline26 April 2013Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Ui LRT2 September 2017
Gimpo Goldline28 September 2019Nippon Signal SPARCS
Seoul Metropolitan SubwayShinbundang Line28 October 2011SelTrac
Wolmi Sea Train8 October 2019Urbanaut
Taiwan Taichung Metro Green Line 25 April 2021 Alstom Urbalis 400
Taipei MetroWenhu Line28 March 1996Bombardier CITYFLO 650[lower-alpha 8][lower-alpha 9]
Circular Line31 January 2020AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTCCurrently operated with attendant on-board [24]
Taoyuan International Airport Skytrain18 January 2003
ThailandBTS SkytrainGold Line16 December 2020Bombardier CITYFLO 650
TurkeyIstanbul MetroLine M515 September 2017Bombardier CITYFLO 650[lower-alpha 10][29]
Line M728 October 2020
United Arab EmiratesDubai International Airport Automated People MoverTerminal 1 APM2016
Terminal 3 APMJanuary 2013
Dubai MetroRed Line9 September 2009SelTrac[lower-alpha 11]
Green Line9 September 2011
Dubai Tram11 November 2014Alstom Urbalis 400
Palm Jumeirah Monorail30 April 2009

GoA4 – Europe
The Lille Metro is operated using fully automated rubber-tyred VAL vehicles
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
DenmarkCopenhagen MetroLine M119 October 2002AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG[24]
Line M2
Line M329 September 2019 AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC
Line M428 March 2020
FranceCDGVALLine 13 April 2007VAL system
Line 227 June 2007
Lille MetroLine A25 April 1983VAL systemFirst line to use the VAL system
Line B1 April 1989
Lyon MetroLine D11 December 1992Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[lower-alpha 12][lower-alpha 13]
Orlyval2 October 1991VAL system
Paris MetroLine 13 November 2011Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[lower-alpha 12]
Line 42023 (Under conversion)Currently under conversion from manual to driverless operation
Line 1415 October 1998
Rennes MetroLine A15 March 2002VAL system
Line B2020
Toulouse MetroLine A26 June 1993VAL system
Line B30 June 2007
GermanyDortmund H-Bahn2 May 1984SIPEM
Düsseldorf Airport SkyTrain1 July 2002SIPEM
Munich Airport Satellite Terminal Shuttle Train2016Bombardier CITYFLO 650[30]
Nuremberg U-BahnLine U22 January 2010[lower-alpha 12]
Line U314 June 2008
SkyLine1994VAL system
HungaryBudapest MetroLine 428 March 2014Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[31]
ItalyBrescia Metro2 March 2013AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG[24]
Marconi Express18 November 2020Intamin People Mover P30[32]
Milan MetroLine 42022 (Under construction)AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC[24]
Line 510 February 2013 AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG
Pisa Mover2017MiniMetro
Rome MetroLine C9 November 2014AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG[24]
SkyBridge1999
Turin MetroLine M14 February 2006VAL system[lower-alpha 14]
Venice People Mover19 April 2010DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
RussiaAutomated Passenger Transportation SystemJune 2018DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
SpainBarcelona MetroLine 913 December 2009Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC47.8 km (29.7 mi)
Line 1010 April 2010
Madrid Barajas Airport People MoverDecember 2005Bombardier CITYFLO 550
SwitzerlandLausanne MetroLine M227 October 2008Alstom Urbalis 300
SkymetroSeptember 2003Otis Hovair
United KingdomAirRail Link7 March 2003DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
Gatwick Airport Shuttle Transit1987Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Heathrow Terminal 5 Transit2008Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Stansted Airport Transit System1991Bombardier CITYFLO 550

GoA4 – Oceania
Sydney Metro Alstom Metropolis
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
AustraliaPilbara railwaysRio Tinto iron ore trains from Roy Hill28 December 2018Hitachi AutoHaul[lower-alpha 15]
Sydney MetroNorth West Line26 May 2019Alstom Urbalis 400[lower-alpha 16]

Grade-of-Automation 3 systems

GoA3 – Americas
Whereas Docklands Light Railway trains are driverless and do not have a separate cab, there is provision for manual operation
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
BrazilSalvador MetroLine 12014SelTrac[33][lower-alpha 17]
Line 22016
São Paulo MetroLine 1 (Blue)March 1976ATO[lower-alpha 18]
Line 2 (Green)February 2016Alstom Urbalis 400
Line 3 (Red)10 March 1979ATO
Line 5 (Lilac)12 March 2017Bombardier CITYFLO 650[lower-alpha 19]
United StatesWalt Disney World Monorail System2016SelTrac

GoA3 – Asia
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
China (Mainland)Beijing SubwayCapital Airport Express19 July 2008Alstom Urbalis 400
Shanghai Pudong Airport APM16 September 2019FITSCO JeRail
Shanghai MetroLine 5June 2018Thales, Shanghai Electric TSTCBTC2.0Initially operated in GoA1 (Manual operation) [lower-alpha 20][16]
Line 1730 December 2017CASCO TRANAVI[35]
Wuhan MetroYangluo line26 December 2017CASCO[36]
IndonesiaSoekarno–Hatta Airport Skytrain2020SiLSafe 5000[lower-alpha 21]
JapanDisney Resort Line27 July 2001
SingaporeSentosa ExpressNovember 2017Hitachi Moving Block Wireless CBTC

GoA3 – Europe
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
BulgariaSofia MetroLine 326 August 2020Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC [37]
HungaryBudapest MetroLine 22013Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[lower-alpha 22]
SpainBarcelona MetroLine 112009Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
United KingdomDocklands Light Railway31 August 1987SelTrac[lower-alpha 23]

Grade-of-Automation 2 systems

GoA2 – Africa
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
AlgeriaAlgiers MetroLine 11 November 2011Siemens CBTC

GoA2 – Americas
Control panel of a BART train, which has a black knob to allow the driver to switch between different modes of operation
Much like BART, Washington Metro trains also have a rotary switch to allow the driver to switch between automatic and manual operation
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
ArgentinaBuenos Aires UndergroundLine C2016Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Line H
CanadaMontreal MetroLine 1 Green1976[lower-alpha 12]
Line 2 Orange
Line 5 Blue1986
O-TrainConfederation Line14 September 2019SelTrac
Toronto subwayLine 1 Yonge–UniversityDecember 2017Alstom Urbalis 400[lower-alpha 24]
Line 3 ScarboroughMarch 1985SelTrac[lower-alpha 25]
ChileSantiago MetroLine 12012Alstom Urbalis 400
MexicoGuadalajara light rail systemLine 314 September 2020
Mexico City MetroLine 1230 October 2012Alstom Urbalis 400
PanamaPanama MetroLine 16 April 2014Alstom Urbalis 400
Line 225 April 2019
Puerto RicoTren Urbano19 December 2004[lower-alpha 26]
United StatesBay Area Rapid TransitOrange Line11 September 1972
Yellow Line21 May 1973
Green Line16 August 1974
Red Line19 April 1976
Blue Line10 May 1997
Los Angeles Metro RailB Line1993US&S
C Line1995[lower-alpha 27]
D Line2006
MARTA railRed Line1996
Gold Line1981
Blue Line1979
Green Line1992
Muni MetroMarket Street Subway / Twin Peaks Tunnel1997SelTrac[lower-alpha 28]
New York City SubwayBMT Canarsie Line (L train)2012Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[38][39]
IRT Flushing Line (7 and <7>​ trains)10 May 2019Thales CBTC[40]
PATCO SpeedlineBetween Philadelphia and New Jersey4 January 1969
Washington MetroRed Line27 March 1976[lower-alpha 29]
Blue Line1 July 1977
Orange Line20 November 1978
Yellow Line30 April 1983
Green Line11 May 1991
Silver Line26 July 2014

GoA2 – Asia
Many metro systems with automatic train operation, such as the Tokyo Metro Namboku Line, are equipped with platform screen doors
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
China (Mainland)Beijing SubwayLine 19 December 2015CASCO/Alstom Urbalis 888[12]Previously used Westinghouse ATC in GoA1[42]
Line 29 June 2008
Line 428 September 2009SelTrac
Line 57 October 2007Westinghouse ATCNewer BTCT LCF-300 will be added and interoperable with existing system
Line 630 December 2012CASCO/Alstom Urbalis 888[12]
Line 728 December 2014BTCT LCF-300
Line 819 July 2008CRSC FL300
Line 931 December 2011CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 1019 July 2008Siemens Trainguard CBTC
Line 1131 December 2021
Line 145 May 2013BTCT LCF-300
Line 1530 December 2010Nippon Signal SPARCS
Line 1631 December 2016BTCT LCF-300
Batong Line3 November 2019CASCO Urbalis 888Previously used Westinghouse ATC in GoA1[43]
Changping Line30 December 2010BTCT LCF-300
Daxing LineSelTrac
Fangshan LineCASCO/Alstom Urbalis 888[12]
Yizhuang LineBTCT LCF-300
S1 Line30 December 2017
Changchun Rail TransitLine 130 June 2017CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 230 August 2018
Line 430 June 2011
Changsha Maglev Express6 May 2016
Changsha MetroLine 128 June 2016
Line 229 April 2014
Line 328 June 2020
Line 426 May 2019
Line 528 June 2020
Changzhou MetroLine 121 September 2019Bombardier CITYFLO 650[44]
Line 228 June 2021
Chengdu MetroLine 127 September 2010Ansaldo STS CBTC
Line 216 September 2012
Line 331 July 2016BTCT LCF-300
Line 426 December 2015Alstom Urbalis 400
Line 527 December 2019BTCT LCF-300
Line 618 December 2020
Line 76 December 2017Alstom Urbalis 400
Line 818 December 2020
Line 106 September 2017Ansaldo STS CBTC
Line 1718 December 2020
Line 1827 September 2020CASCO Urbalis 888
China RailwayBeijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway30 December 2019CTCS-3+ATO[lower-alpha 30]
Chongqing Rail TransitLoop Line28 December 2018BTCT LCF-300Interoperable with other lines with Type As trainset despite different suppliers
Line 128 July 2011Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Line 329 September 2011BTCT CBTC
Line 428 December 2018UniTTEC BiTRACON CBTCInteroperable with other lines with Type As trainset despite different suppliers
Line 528 December 2017CRSC FZL300
Line 628 September 2012Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Line 925 January 2022CARS MTC-IInteroperable with other lines with Type As trainset despite different suppliers
Line 1028 December 2017
Dalian MetroLine 130 October 2015Ansaldo STS CBTC
Line 222 May 2015
Line 1230 December 2013CRSC
Line 1328 December 2021
Dongguan Rail TransitLine 227 May 2016SelTrac CBTC
Foshan MetroLine 13 November 2010Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Line 228 December 2021
Fuzhou MetroLine 118 May 2016Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Line 226 April 2019
Line 529 April 2022
Guangzhou MetroLine 128 June 1997Siemens LZB 700M
Line 225 September 2010
Line 326 December 2005SelTrac
Line 4Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Line 528 December 2009
Line 628 December 2013CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 728 December 2016CARS MTC-I
Line 825 September 2010Siemens LZB 700M
Line 928 December 2017SelTrac
Line 13CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 14SelTrac
Line 1828 September 2021
Line 2128 December 2018SelTrac
Line 2231 March 2022
Guiyang MetroLine 128 December 2017BTCT LCF-300
Line 228 April 2021
Harbin MetroLine 126 September 2013Kyosan
Line 219 September 2021
Line 326 January 2017
Hangzhou MetroLine 124 November 2012Ansaldo STS CBTC
Line 224 November 2014
Line 321 February 2022
Line 42 February 2015 UniTTEC BiTRACON CBTC[45]
Line 524 June 2019
Line 630 December 2020
Line 7
Line 828 June 2021CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 910 July 2021
Line 1021 February 2022
Line 1623 April 2020SelTrac CBTC
Hangzhou–Haining intercity railway28 June 2021
Hefei MetroLine 126 December 2016SelTrac CBTC
Line 226 December 2017
Line 326 December 2019CRSC FZL-300
Line 426 December 2021
Line 526 December 2020
Hohhot MetroLine 129 December 2019CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 21 October 2020
Jinan MetroLine 11 April 2019
Line 226 March 2021
Line 328 December 2019CASCO Urbalis 888
Kunming MetroLine 120 May 2013CASCO/Alstom Urbalis 888[12]
Line 230 April 2014
Line 329 August 2017CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 423 September 2020
Line 629 August 2017CASCO Urbalis 888
Lanzhou MetroLine 123 June 2019CASCO Urbalis 888
Luoyang SubwayLine 128 March 2021
Line 226 December 2021CASCO Urbalis 888[46]
Nanchang MetroLine 126 December 2015SelTrac CBTC
Line 218 August 2017
Line 326 December 2020
Line 426 December 2021
Nanjing MetroLine 13 September 2005Siemens LZB 700 M
Line 228 May 2010Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Line 31 April 2015
Line 418 January 2017
Line 101 July 2014Siemens LZB 700M
Line S1SelTrac CBTC
Line S36 December 2017
Line S628 December 2021
Line S726 May 2018SelTrac CBTC
Line S81 August 2014CASCO Urbalis 888
Line S930 December 2017Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Nanning MetroLine 128 June 2016CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 228 December 2017
Line 36 June 2019
Line 423 November 2020
Ningbo Rail TransitLine 130 May 2014Alstom Urbalis 400
Line 226 September 2015
Line 330 June 2019
Line 423 December 2020
Yinfeng Line28 September 2019
Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region intercity railwayGuangzhu ICR7 January 2011CASCO INTXISWithin CTCS-2 framework, plus ATO function[47]
Guanhui ICR30 March 2016
Guangfozhao ICR
Suishen ICR15 December 2019
Zhuji ICR18 August 2020
Qingdao MetroLine 124 December 2020
Line 210 December 2017
Line 316 December 2015
Line 824 December 2020
Line 1123 April 2018CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 1326 December 2018
Shanghai Maglev Train2004Transrapid
Shanghai MetroLine 11995General Railway Signal Micro Cabmatic
Line 211 June 2000Union Switch & Signal International MicroCab[lower-alpha 31]
Line 326 December 2000SACEM/Urbalis 200
Line 431 December 2005
Line 62011Seltrac
Line 72010
Line 82011
Line 9
Line 112012
Line 1229 December 2013CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 1320 April 2010
Line 1629 December 2013
Shaoxing MetroLine 128 June 2021
Shenyang MetroLine 127 September 2010Ansaldo STS CBTC
Line 29 January 2012
Line 925 May 2019CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 1029 April 2020
Shenzhen MetroLine 128 December 2004Siemens LZB 700M
Line 228 December 2010CASCO/Alstom Urbalis 888[12]
Line 3Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Line 428 December 2004Siemens LZB 700M
Line 522 June 2011CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 618 August 2020
Line 728 October 2016BTCT LCF-300
Line 828 October 2020CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 928 October 2016SelTrac CBTC
Line 1018 August 2020BTCT LCF-300
Line 1128 June 2016CASCO/Alstom Urbalis 888[12]
Shijiazhuang MetroLine 126 June 2017
Line 226 August 2020
Line 326 June 2017
Suzhou Rail TransitLine 128 April 2012
Line 228 December 2013
Line 325 December 2019CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 415 April 2017
Tianjin MetroLine 112 June 2006
Line 21 July 2012Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Line 31 October 2012
Line 428 December 2021
Line 522 October 2018
Line 66 August 2016
Line 9March 28 2006
Ürümqi MetroLine 125 October 2018
Wenzhou MetroLine S123 January 2019
Wuhan MetroLine 128 July 2004SelTrac
Line 228 December 2012CASCO/Alstom Urbalis 888[12]
Line 328 December 2015
Line 428 December 2013Alstom Urbalis 400
Line 628 December 2016CASCO/Alstom Urbalis 888[12]
Line 71 October 2018
Line 826 December 2017CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 111 October 2018
Line 1626 December 2021
Wuxi MetroLine 11 July 2014Alstom Urbalis 400
Line 228 December 2014
Line 328 October 2020
Line 417 December 2021
Xi'an MetroLine 115 September 2013Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Line 216 September 2011Ansaldo STS CBTC
Line 38 November 2016
Line 426 December 2018CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 528 December 2020
Line 6
Line 9
Line 1429 September 2019
Xiamen MetroLine 131 December 2017CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 225 December 2019
Line 325 June 2021
Xuzhou MetroLine 128 September 2019
Line 228 November 2020
Line 328 June 2021
Zhengzhou MetroLine 128 December 2013
Line 219 August 2016CASCO/Alstom Urbalis 888[12]
Line 326 December 2020
Line 4
Line 520 May 2019CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 1419 September 2019CASCO TRANAVI
Chengjiao Line12 January 2017CASCO Urbalis 888
Hong KongMTRKwun Tong line1 October 1979SACEM[lower-alpha 32]
Tsuen Wan line17 May 1982
Island line31 May 1985
Tung Chung line21 June 1998
Airport Express6 July 1998
Tseung Kwan O line18 August 2002
East Rail line6 February 2021Siemens Trainguard MT CBTCReplaced the Alstom TBL system which used ATO since 2002
West Rail line20 December 2003SelTrac
Ma On Shan line21 December 2004
IndiaAhmedabad MetroEast-West Corridor4 March 2019Nippon Signal SPARCS
Chennai MetroBlue Line21 September 2016
Green Line25 September 2015
Delhi MetroRed Line25 December 2002Alstom Urbalis 200[lower-alpha 33]
Yellow Line20 December 2004
Blue Line31 December 2005Siemens[lower-alpha 34]
Green Line3 April 2010Bombardier CITYFLO 350
Violet Line3 October 2010
Airport Express23 February 2011
Hyderabad MetroRed Line28 November 2017SelTrac[lower-alpha 35]
Blue Line
Green Line7 February 2020
Kanpur MetroOrange Line28 December 2021Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Kochi MetroLine 117 June 2017Alstom Urbalis 400
Kolkata MetroLine 1
Line 213 February 2020Ansaldo STS CBTC
Lucknow MetroRed Line5 September 2017Alstom Urbalis 400
Mumbai MetroLine 18 June 2014Siemens LZB 700M
Nagpur MetroOrange Line7 March 2019
Aqua Line28 January 2020
Namma MetroPurple Line20 October 2011Alstom Urbalis 200
Green Line1 March 2014
Noida MetroAqua Line25 January 2019Ansaldo STS CBTC
Pune MetroPurple Line6 March 2022
Aqua Line
Rapid Metro Gurgaon14 November 2013
IndonesiaJakarta LRTLRT Line A1 December 2019
Jakarta MRTMRT Line 124 March 2019Nippon Signal SPARCS[49][50]
JapanFukuoka City SubwayKūkō Line
Hakozaki Line
Nanakuma Line3 February 2005
Kobe Municipal SubwaySeishin-Yamate Line
Kaigan Line7 June 2001
Hokushin Line2 April 1988[lower-alpha 36]
Kitakyushu MonorailKokura Line9 January 1985[51]
Kyoto Municipal SubwayTōzai Line12 October 1997
Nagoya Municipal SubwayHigashiyama Line2015
Sakura-dōri Line16 February 1994
Okinawa Urban Monorail10 August 2003
Osaka MetroTanimachi Line[lower-alpha 37]
Sennichimae Line2015[lower-alpha 38]
Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line31 March 1990
Saitama RailwaySaitama Rapid Railway Line28 March 2001[lower-alpha 39]
Sapporo Municipal SubwayNamboku Line2012
Tōzai Line2008[lower-alpha 40]
Tōhō Line2016
Sendai SubwayNanboku Line15 July 1987[lower-alpha 41]
Tōzai Line6 December 2015
Tama MonorailTama Toshi Monorail Line27 November 1998
Tokyo MetroMarunouchi Line[lower-alpha 42]
Namboku Line
Fukutoshin Line
Yūrakuchō Line
Chiyoda Line(Kita-Ayase branch)
Hibiya Line[lower-alpha 43]
Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of TransportationToei Ōedo Line10 December 1991
Toei Mita Line
Tsukuba Express24 August 2005
Yokohama Municipal SubwayBlue Line20 January 2007
Green Line30 March 2008
MalaysiaExpress Rail LinkKLIA Ekspres14 April 2002Bombardier CITYFLO 550
KLIA Transit
Rapid KLKL Monorail31 August 2003
PhilippinesManila Light Rail Transit SystemLine 25 April 2003
Saudi ArabiaMecca MetroAl Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro line13 November 2010SelTrac
South KoreaBusan MetroLine 119 July 1985
Line 230 June 1999
Line 328 November 2005
Daegu MetroLine 126 November 1997
Line 218 October 2005
Daejeon MetroLine 116 March 2006
Gwangju MetroLine 128 April 2004
Incheon SubwayLine 16 October 1999
Seoul Metropolitan SubwayLine 22010Siemens LZB 700M[lower-alpha 44]
Line 515 November 1995[lower-alpha 45]
Line 67 August 2000
Line 711 October 1996
Line 823 November 1999
Line 924 July 2009
AREX23 March 2007
Bundang Line2006SelTrac[lower-alpha 46]
Seohae Line16 June 2018Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
TaiwanKaohsiung Rapid TransitRed line9 March 2008
Orange line14 September 2008
Taipei MetroTamsui–Xinyi line28 March 1997
Songshan–Xindian line24 December 1998
Zhonghe–Xinlu line
Bannan line24 December 1999
Taoyuan MetroTaoyuan Airport MRT2 March 2017Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
ThailandBTS SkytrainSukhumvit Line5 December 1999Bombardier CITYFLO 450
Silom Line
MRT (Bangkok)Blue Line3 July 2004Siemens LZB 700M
Purple Line6 August 2016Bombardier CITYFLO 650
State Railway of ThailandSuvarnabhumi Airport Rail Link23 August 2010Siemens LZB 700M
TurkeyAnkara MetroBatıkent Metrosu (M1)29 December 1997Ansaldo STS CBTC[52]Previously used Seltrac CBTC [lower-alpha 47]
Koru Metrosu (M2)2014
Törekent Metrosu (M3)
Keçiören Metrosu (M4)5 January 2017
İstanbul MetroLine M216 September 2000Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Line M314 June 2013Bombardier CITYFLO 350
Line M417 August 2012Seltrac CBTC
Line M619 April 2015Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Line M929 May 2021
Marmaray29 October 2013Invensys Sirius CBTC
VietnamHanoi MetroLine 2A6 November 2021

GoA2 – Europe
The Victoria line of the London Underground in London was the first metro line to be equipped with automatic train operation
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
AustriaVienna U-BahnLine U1[lower-alpha 48]
Line U2
Line U3
Line U4
BelarusMinsk MetroZelenaluzhskaya line6 November 2020
Czech RepublicPrague MetroLine AAŽD Praha LZA
Line B[lower-alpha 49]
Line CSiemens PA 135
FranceLyon MetroLine AMAGGALY
Line B
Paris MetroLine 2
Line 32010OCTYS System
Line 4[lower-alpha 50]
Line 52013OCTYS System
Line 6
Line 7
Line 8
Line 9OCTYS System
Line 11
Line 12
Line 132013SelTracPlanned conversion to GoA4
Paris RERRER ASeptember 1989SACEM
GermanyDüsseldorf Stadtbahn[lower-alpha 51]
Munich U-Bahn[lower-alpha 52]
HungaryBudapest MetroLine 3[lower-alpha 12]
ItalyMilan MetroLine 12010Alstom Urbalis
Line 3Siemens LZB 700M[53]
Naples Metro Line 1 Ansaldo STS ATIS [54]
NetherlandsAmsterdam MetroRoute 50Alstom Urbalis 400
Route 51
Route 5230 July 2018[55]
Route 53
Route 54
RomaniaBucharest MetroLine M1Bombardier CITYFLO 350
Line M2
Line M3
Line M4Siemens TBS100FB
Line M515 September 2020Alstom Urbalis 400
RussiaKazan MetroCentral Line27 August 2005Dvizhenie
Saint Petersburg MetroLine 2Dvizhenie
Line 4PUAV
Line 5PA-M
SpainBarcelona MetroLine 1Bombardier CITYFLO 350
Line 2
Line 3Bombardier CITYFLO 350
Line 5
Bilbao MetroLine 111 November 1995Bombardier CITYFLO 350
Line 213 April 2002
Line 38 April 2017
Madrid MetroLine 1July 2009Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Line 22011
Line 3
Line 4
Line 5
Line 6July 2008Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Line 72011Invensys CBTC
Line 8
Line 9
Line 10
Line 11
Line 12
Ramal
Málaga MetroLine 130 July 2014Alstom Urbalis 400[56]
Line 2
MetrovalenciaLine 1[lower-alpha 53]
Line 2[lower-alpha 54]
Seville MetroLine 12 April 2009Bombardier CITYFLO 350
SwedenStockholm MetroLine 17
Line 18
Line 19
United KingdomGlasgow Subway16 April 1980
London UndergroundVictoria line1967
Central line1990s (mid-decade)[lower-alpha 12][lower-alpha 55]
Jubilee line2011[lower-alpha 12][lower-alpha 56]
Northern line2012[lower-alpha 12][lower-alpha 57]
Thameslink2018[lower-alpha 58]

Future systems

Americas
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
ArgentinaBuenos Aires UndergroundLine A
Line B
Line D
Line F2022–2024
BrazilManaus MonorailSelTrac
São Paulo MetroLine 12021Alstom Urbalis 400[lower-alpha 59]
Line 3
Line 6Nippon Signal SPARCS[lower-alpha 60][58]
Line 17SelTrac[59][60]
CanadaRéseau express métropolitainSouth Shore (Brossard) 2022Alstom Metropolis
Deux-Montagnes 2024
Trudeau Airport 2024
Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue 2024
Toronto subwayLine 1 Yonge–University2020–2021Alstom Urbalis 400[lower-alpha 61]
Line 2 Bloor–Danforth2030
Line 5 Eglinton2022Bombardier CITYFLO 650[lower-alpha 62]
ChileSantiago MetroLine 72028SelTrac
Line 8
Line 9
PeruLima MetroLine 22022AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC[24]
Line 42025
United StatesHonolulu Rail Transit2020AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS DTG[24]
New York City SubwayIND Culver Line (F, <F>, and ​G trains)2022SelTrac
IND Queens Boulevard Line (E, ​F, <F>, ​M, and ​R trains)Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
IND Eighth Avenue Line (A, ​C, and ​E trains)2024

Asia
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
ChinaBeijing SubwayLine 32022[63]
Line 122022
Line 222023
Line 282022
Changsha MetroLine 62021
Changzhou MetroLine 22021
Chongqing Rail TransitLine 92021
Line 182023
Dalian MetroLine 52023
Line 132021
Dongguan Rail TransitLine 12022
Foshan MetroLine 22021
Line 32022
Fuzhou MetroLine 42022
Line 52023
Line 62021
Guangzhou MetroLine 102022CARS MTC-1[64]
Line 112023
Line 12[64]
Line 222022
Guiyang MetroLine 3
Line S1
Hangzhou MetroLine 32021
Line 102022
Airport Express
Hefei MetroLine 42021
Kunming MetroLine 52021
Lanzhou MetroLine 22022
Luoyang MetroLine 22022CASCO Urbalis 888[65]
Nanchang MetroLine 42021
Nanjing MetroLine 52022
Line 62024
Line 72021Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[66][67]
Line S42022
Line S62023
Nanning MetroLine 52021[68]
Nantong MetroLine 12022
Line 22023CASCO Urbalis 888[69]
Ningbo Rail TransitLine 52021[70]
Qingdao MetroLine 42022
Line 62024[71]
Line 72021
Shanghai MetroLine 142021Thales, Shanghai Electric TSTCBTC2.0[lower-alpha 63][73][16]
Line 192023
Line 20
Line 21
Line 23
Shenyang MetroLine 32025
Line 42022
Line 62025
Shenzhen MetroLine 122022[74][75][76]
Line 13
Line 14BTCT[77]
Line 162023CASCO Urbalis 888[78]
Line 202021CASCO Urbalis 888[79]
Suzhou Rail TransitLine 62024
Line 7
Line 8
Line S12023CASCO Urbalis 888[80]
Tianjin MetroLine 42021
Line 72024
Line 82022[81]
Line 102021
Line 112023
Line B1
Line Z4
Taiyuan MetroLine 12024
Ürümqi MetroLine 22022
Wenzhou MetroLine S22023
Wuhan MetroLine 52021[36]
Line 122023
Line 162021
Line 192023
Wuxi MetroLine 42021
Line S12024
Xi'an MetroLine 82024
Line 10
Line 162023
Xiamen MetroLine 42021
Line 62022
Zhengzhou MetroLine 62021
Line 102022
Line 12 [82]
Line 172021
IndiaAhmedabad MetroNorth-South Line2022
Kolkata MetroLine 32021
Line 4
Line 5
Line 62021
Lucknow MetroBlue Line2022
Mumbai MetroLine 22021
Line 32021
Line 4
Line 52022
Line 6
Line 72021
Line 8
Line 92021
Line 102022
Line 11
Line 12
Line 13
Line 14
Navi Mumbai MetroLine 12021Ansaldo STS CBTC
Namma MetroYellow Line2023
Pink Line
IndonesiaGreater Jakarta LRTLRT Line 12022Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[lower-alpha 64][83][84]
LRT Line 2
LRT Line 3
MalaysiaRapid KLBandar Utama-Klang Line2024Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Putrajaya Line2021Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Malaysia / SingaporeRTS Link2026
SingaporeMass Rapid Transit (Singapore)Jurong Region Line2026-2028Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC [85]
Cross Island Line2029-2031[86]
South KoreaBusan MetroLine 52023
Seoul Light Rapid TransitSillim Line2021
Dongbuk Line2024
TaiwanNew Taipei MetroSanying Line2023AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC[24]
Taoyuan MetroGreen Line2025Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
ThailandMRT (Bangkok)Orange Line2023
Pink LineBombardier CITYFLO 650
Yellow Line2022
TurkeyIstanbul MetroLine M82021Bombardier CITYFLO 650[lower-alpha 65]
Line M102021
Line M112021
Line M122024Bombardier CITYFLO 650[lower-alpha 65]
Line M13
VietnamHanoi MetroLine 32023
Ho Chi Minh City MetroLine 12021

Europe
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
Czech RepublicPrague MetroLine D
FranceParis MétroLine 132025–2027[lower-alpha 66]
Line 152024–2025
Line 16
Line 17
Line 182027
Toulouse MetroToulouse Aerospace Express2025VAL system
GreeceAthens MetroLine 42028Alstom Urbalis 400
Thessaloniki MetroLine 12023AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC
Line 2
IrelandMetroLink (Dublin)2027
ItalyMilan MetroMilan Metro Line 42021–2023AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro / Ansaldo STS CBTC
United Kingdom Glasgow Subway Hitachi Rail STS CBTC [lower-alpha 67]
London UndergroundAll Subsurface Lines:

Circle, District , Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan.

Thales SelTrac[lower-alpha 68]
Deep level tube:

Bakerloo, Piccadilly and Waterloo & City.
TfL RailCrossrail
Turkeyİzmir MetroÜçyol-Çamlıkule Line2024

Oceania
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
AustraliaMetro Trains MelbourneSunbury–Dandenong Line2025–2026Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Queensland Rail City networkCross River Rail2024
Sydney MetroSydney Metro West2030Alstom Urbalis 400
Western Sydney Airport line2026

Defunct systems
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
CanadaExpo Express1967–1972Union Switch & Signal[lower-alpha 69]
FrancePoma 20001989–2016
GermanyBerlin M-Bahn1989–1991[lower-alpha 70]
JapanNarita Airport Terminal 2 Shuttle System1992–2013Otis Hovair[lower-alpha 71]
PortugalSATUOeiras2004–2015MiniMetro
United KingdomBirmingham Maglev1984–1995
Post Office Railway1927–2003[lower-alpha 72]
United StatesDuke University Medical Center Patient Rapid Transit1979–2009Otis Hovair
Harbour Island People Mover1985-1999Otis Hovair
Indiana University Health People Mover2003–2019UniTrak
Jetrail1970–1974
Muskingum Electric Railroad1968–2002[lower-alpha 73]
Vought Airtrans1974–2005

See also

Notes
  1. Rebuilt in 1981
  2. Rebuilt in 2016
  3. UTO system jointly developed by Thales Group and Shanghai Electric.[14]
  4. With train attendants to drive trains in the event of a disruption.
  5. Original system opened in 1990; upgraded to current system in 2006.
  6. The largest fully automated rapid transit network in the world with 202.4 km (125.8 mi) of automated rail lines.[25] Trains may have an attendant on board. Only North South line and East West line has driving cabins.
  7. North South and East West lines were converted from a lower GoA to a higher GoA
  8. Previously used VAL
  9. System started with an attendant on board each train full-time. Gradually over time, the presence of attendants decreased. By September 2017, trains have attendants only while in long tunnel sections.
  10. On the Asian side of Istanbul
  11. Red Line at 52.1 km (32.4 mi). The longest driverless network in the Middle East.
  12. Converted from manual to automated operation
  13. Rubber-tyred trains controlled by a system known as MAGGALY (Métro Automatique à Grand Gabarit de l’Agglomération Lyonnaise).
  14. First fully automatic metro in Italy. First section opened for the 2006 Winter Olympics, completed in 2014.
  15. First completely driverless railway in Australia and first full scale fully automated freight railway in the world.
  16. First completely driverless metro line in Australia.
  17. With train captains monitoring in cab
  18. With train captains monitoring in cab
  19. With train captains monitoring in cab. To be upgraded to GoA4 in 2019-2020
  20. UTO system jointly developed by Thales Group and Shanghai Electric.[34]
  21. Previously operated in manual mode
  22. A supervisor is monitoring the train in the cab
  23. To be converted to GoA4
  24. Between Vaughan Metropolitan Centre and Queen stations
  25. Uses the same train automation system as the Vancouver SkyTrain and the Detroit People Mover; already runs as an ATC/ATO system with an attendant on board.
  26. Entire system is fully automated, but can be over-ridden. Substations providing the power are remotely controlled from an operational control centre.
  27. By the time the K Line opens, manual mode will be required from Aviation/Century to Expo/Crenshaw due to grade crossings and street running. The K Line will overlap most of the C Line east of Aviation/LAX.
  28. Switch to automatic control while operating in the Market Street Subway and in the Twin Peaks Tunnel. The operator manages the doors in-station and pilots the vehicle when running aboveground.
  29. Has an automated mode, where the driver is responsible for opening and closing of doors and of overriding the system. However, the system has been operating in manual mode since the June 2009 Washington Metro train collision, and plans are to operate in manual mode until newer railcars are delivered.[41]
  30. Only CR400BF-C trainsets support ATO.
  31. Newer trains (since 2019) use an on-board system jointly developed by CASCO and Hitachi Rail STS. Interoperable with both CBTC and the existing track circuit based signal system.[48]
  32. Same system as Paris RER line A
  33. Uses signalling systems supplied by Alstom.
  34. Uses LZB 700 signalling systems supplied by Siemens.
  35. Line partially opened
  36. A continuation of the Kobe Municipal Subway Seishin-Yamate Line.
  37. ATO trialled from October 1967 until February 1968; trains now operated in manual mode.
  38. ATO previously trialled from October 1973 until July 1974.
  39. A continuation of the Tokyo Metro Namboku Line.
  40. Previously used ATO from 1976 until 1990.
  41. World's first railway system to use fuzzy logic to control the speed of trains.
  42. Main line converted to ATO in 2010, but Hōnanchō branch continues to use ATC/TASC
  43. ATO trialled during the 1960s. Trains now operated in manual mode.
  44. Older trains still drive in manual mode
  45. Driver on standby and will drive the train when ATO malfunctions or is not available.
  46. Utilizes the SelTrac system with driver on board in case of emergencies.
  47. Uses a modified version of Toronto subway's H6 subway model made by Bombardier Transportation and configured for driverless operation.
  48. Uses the same system as Munich with fully driverless turning at some terminuses.
  49. Line B is partly automated.
  50. To be converted to GoA4
  51. Driver operates the doors and handles emergency situations, accelerating and braking is fully automated, but just between the 22 underground stations. Outside the underground stations the driver operates the train manual.
  52. Driver operates the doors and handles emergency situations, accelerating and braking is fully automated; a fully driverless turning at terminus stations is planned.
  53. Between Empalme and Torrent stations
  54. Between Les Carolines-Fira and Torrent stations
  55. A member of staff opens & closes the train doors monitors the train and fixes faults on board. Drivers drive the trains on Sundays and Bank holidays. All shunt moves are made by the drivers and whenever the train stops for fail safe reasons such as excess wheel spin or sliding the driver takes over; at other times trains are computer driven.
  56. A member of staff opens & closes the train doors, drives the train on Sundays, fixes faults.[57]
  57. A driver operates the doors and presses buttons to start the train, the train is driven manually on Sundays, and can be driven in manual outside of peak hours.
  58. Between St Pancras and Blackfriars stations
  59. System is currently operating on Line 2, with upgrading of the other 2 lines to be fully completed by 2021.
  60. GoA4
  61. Expected to have ATC/ATO implemented on the Yonge–University–Spadina Line by 2019 and the Bloor–Danforth Line, funding permitting, by 2030.[61][62]
  62. Between Mount Dennis and Laird stations
  63. UTO system jointly developed by Thales Group and Shanghai Electric.[72]
  64. DTO / GoA 3
  65. UTO Fully driverless system.
  66. Conversion from manual to driverless operation
  67. Upgrade from GoA2 to GoA4 as part of Subway Modernisation.
  68. Phased migration as part of 4 Lines Modernisation (4LM).
  69. Demonstration line originally built for the 1967 World's Fair.
  70. Maglev train in West-Berlin in operation from 1989 to 1991. It closed when a metro line, on which the M-Bahn's route partly lay, was scheduled to reopen. The metro line was closed in 1961 when the Berlin Wall erected, because it crossed the border.
  71. Driverless shuttle connecting two buildings of Narita Airport Terminal 2.
  72. Tiny, driverless, mail-only subway connecting main post offices and railway terminals in London.
  73. Private electrified automated coal carrying railroad. Dismantled in 2004.

References
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  5. "Evergreen Extension opening today". 2 December 2016.
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