1st Federal Parliament of Nepal
The First Federal Parliament of Nepal, consisting of the House of Representatives and the National Assembly, was elected via the 2017 legislative, provincial and local elections. 165 members were elected via first-past-the-post system[6] and 110 through the proportional representation system to form the 275-member House of Representatives for a five-year term. On 7 February 2018, the provincial electoral colleges, composed of provincial assembly members elected in the provincial elections and chairs and deputy-chairs of local administrative units elected in the local elections, elected eight members each, for a total of 56 elected members, and three more were appointed by the President as nominated by the government, to form the 59 member National Assembly. The National Assembly members drew lots to determine the thirds whose terms would be of two, four and six years respectively. On 23 January 2020, the National Assembly electoral college met for the second time to elect 18 of the 19 Class I members.[7] The House of Representatives was dissolved on 20 December 2020 by President Bidya Devi Bhandari on the request of Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli's cabinet.[8] The House was reinstated on 24 February 2021 following a decision by the Supreme Court of Nepal.[9] The House of Representatives was again dissolved on 22 May 2021 by President Bidya Devi Bhandari.[10]
| 1st Federal Parliament of Nepal | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
 | |||
| Overview | |||
| Legislative body | Federal Parliament of Nepal | ||
| Term | 4 March 2018 – | ||
| Election | 2017 general elections 2018, 2020, 2022 National Assembly elections | ||
| Government | Second Oli cabinet Fifth Deuba Cabinet | ||
| Website | www | ||
| House of Representatives | |||
 | |||
| Members | 275 | ||
| Speaker of the House | Krishna Bahadur Mahara (until 1 October 2019) Agni Prasad Sapkota (since 26 January 2020) | ||
| Deputy Speaker | Shiva Maya Tumbahamphe (until 20 January 2020) vacant (since 20 January 2020) | ||
| Leader of the House | Sher Bahadur Deuba, Congress | ||
| Leader of the Opposition | Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli, CPN (UML) | ||
| Party control | Government (158)
External Support (17)
Opposition (96) Vacant (4)
| ||
| National Assembly | |||
 | |||
| Members | 59 | ||
| Chairperson | Ganesh Prasad Timilsina | ||
| Vice-chairperson | Shashikala Dahal (until 4 March 2022) vacant (since 4 March 2022) | ||
| Party control | Government (39)
External Support (2)
Opposition (18) | ||
Leaders
House of Representatives
- Speaker of the House of Representatives:
- Rt. Hon. Krishna Bahadur Mahara (until 1 October 2019)[11]
- Rt. Hon. Agni Prasad Sapkota (since 26 January 2020)[12]
- Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives:
- Hon. Shiva Maya Tumbahamphe (until 20 January 2020)[13]
- Vacant (since 20 January 2020)
- Prime Minister of Nepal (Nepali Congress):
- Rt. Hon. KP Sharma Oli (until 13 July 2021)
- Rt. Hon. Sher Bahadur Deuba (since 13 July 2021)
- Leader of the Opposition (Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)):
- Rt. Hon. Sher Bahadur Deuba (until 13 July 2021)
- Rt. Hon. KP Sharma Oli (since 13 July 2021)
Parliamentary party leaders
- Parliamentary party leader of Nepali Congress: Sher Bahadur Deuba
- Deputy parliamentary party leader: Bijay Kumar Gachhadar
- Parliamentary party leader of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist): KP Sharma Oli
- Deputy parliamentary party leader: Subhash Chandra Nemwang
- Parliamentary party leader of Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre): Pushpa Kamal Dahal[14]
- Parliamentary party leader of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist): Madhav Kumar Nepal
- Parliamentary party leader of People's Socialist Party, Nepal: Upendra Yadav
- Parliamentary party leader of Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal: Mahantha Thakur
Whips
- Government Chief Whip (Nepali Congress): Bal Krishna Khand
- Whip (Nepali Congress): Pushpa Bhusal
- Opposition Chief Whip (Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)): Bishal Bhattarai
- Whip (Nepali Congress): Shanta Chaudhary
- Chief Whip (Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)): Dev Prasad Gurung
- Chief Whip (Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)): Jeevan Ram Shrestha
- Chief Whip (People's Socialist Party, Nepal): Pramod Sah
- Chief Whip (Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal): Umashankar Argariya
Chairperson
- Chairperson of the National Assembly: Rt. Hon. Ganesh Prasad Timilsina[15]
- Vice-Chairperson of the National Assembly:
- Hon. Shashikala Dahal (until 4 March 2022)[16]
- Vacant (since 4 March 2022)
Parliamentary party leaders
- Parliamentary party leader of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist):
- Suman Raj Pyakurel (until 4 March 2022)[17]
- Vacant (since 4 March 2022)
- Parliamentary party leader of Nepali Congress:
- Surendra Raj Pandey (until 3 March 2020)
- Radheshyam Adhikari (from 10 March 2020 to 4 March 2022)[18]
- Vacant (since 4 March 2022)
- Parliamentary party leader of Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre):
- Dina Nath Sharma (until 4 March 2022) [14]
- Vacant (since 4 March 2022)
Members of the House of Representatives
|
| Party | After election | At present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FPTH | Prop. | Total | FPTH | Prop. | Total | ||
| CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | 81 | 41 | 121 | 68 | 28 | 96 | |
| Nepali Congress | 23 | 40 | 63 | 23 | 40 | 63 | |
| CPN (Maoist Centre) | 36 | 17 | 53 | 32 | 17 | 49 | |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist) | — | — | — | 12 | 13 | 25 | |
| People's Socialist Party, Nepal | — | — | — | 13 | 8 | 21 | |
| Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal | — | — | — | 9 | 4 | 13 | |
| Rastriya Prajatantra Party[lower-alpha 4] | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | |
| Rastriya Janamorcha[lower-alpha 4] | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | |
| Nepal Workers Peasants Party[lower-alpha 4] | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | |
| Independent | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | |
| Rastriya Janata Party Nepal | 11 | 6 | 17 | — | — | 0 | |
| Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal | 10 | 6 | 16 | — | — | 0 | |
| Naya Shakti Party, Nepal[lower-alpha 4] | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | 0 | |
| Vacant | — | — | — | 4 | — | 4 | |
| Total | 275 | ||||||
Changes
By-elections are held for seats that become vacant or members elected through proportional representation are replaced from the party list.
Committees[lower-alpha 11]
| Committee[29][30] | Chairperson | Party | Composition | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCP | NC | PSP-N | Ind. | ||||
| Finance Committee | Krishna Prasad Dahal | Nepal Communist Party | 15 | 6 | 3 | 0 | |
| Foreign Relations Committee | Pabitra Niraula Kharel | Nepal Communist Party | 13 | 7 | 2 | 0 | |
| Industry, Commerce, Labour and Consumer Welfare Committee | Bimal Prasad Shrivastav | People's Socialist Party, Nepal | 12 | 5 | 4 | 0 | |
| Law, Justice and Human Rights Committee | Krishna Bhakta Pokharel | Nepal Communist Party | 13 | 7 | 3 | 0 | |
| Agriculture, Co-operatives and National Resource Committee | Purna Kumari Subedi | Nepal Communist Party | 13 | 5 | 2 | 0 | |
| Women and Social Committee | Niru Devi Pal | Nepal Communist Party | 15 | 5 | 3 | 0 | |
| State Management and Good Governance Committee | Shashi Shrestha | Nepal Communist Party | 13 | 6 | 4 | 2 | |
| Development and Technology Committee | Kalyani Kumari Khadka | Nepal Communist Party | 15 | 5 | 2 | 2 | |
| Education and Health Committee | Jayapuri Gharti Magar | Nepal Communist Party | 16 | 6 | 4 | 0 | |
| Public Accounts Committee | Bharat Kumar Shah | Nepali Congress | 16 | 7 | 4 | 0 | |
| Parliamentary Hearing Committee[lower-alpha 12] | Laxman Lal Karna | People's Socialist Party, Nepal | 8 | 4 | 1 | 0 | |
| State Directives, Principles and Policy Monitoring and Implementation Committee[lower-alpha 12] | Nira Devi Jairu | Nepal Communist Party | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1 | |
Members of the National Assembly
| Party | After 2018 election | After 2020 election | After 2022 election | Current | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | 29 | — | 18 | 18[lower-alpha 3] | |
| CPN (Maoist Centre) | 13 | — | 16 | 16[lower-alpha 1] | |
| Nepali Congress | 13 | 6 | 10 | 10 | |
| CPN (Unified Socialist) | — | — | 9 | 9[lower-alpha 2] | |
| People's Socialist Party, Nepal | — | — | 3 | 3 | |
| Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal[19] | — | — | 1 | 1 | |
| Rastriya Janamorcha | — | — | 1 | 1 | |
| Independent | — | — | 1 | 1 | |
| Nepal Communist Party | — | 50 | — | — | |
| Rastriya Janata Party Nepal | 2 | 2 | — | — | |
| Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal | 2 | — | — | — | |
| Samajbadi Party, Nepal | — | 1 | — | — | |
| Total | 59 | 59 | 59 | ||
Retired members of the National Assembly
| Category | Name | Party | Assumed office[38] | Retirement | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Province No. 1 | |||||
| Open | Hari Charan Shiwakoti | Nepal Communist Party | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Open | Parshuram Megi Gurung | CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Women | Sarita Prasai | Nepali Congress | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Women | Nainakala Ojha | CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Dalit | Khem Raj Nepali | Nepal Communist Party | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Disabled/Minority | Aagam Prasad Bantawa Rai | CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Province No. 2 | |||||
| Open | Ramesh Prasad Yadav | Rastriya Janata Party Nepal | 18 March 2018[39] | 3 March 2020 | |
| Open | Suman Raj Pyakurel | CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Women | Mukta Kumari Yadav | Nepali Congress | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Women | Shashikala Dahal | CPN (Maoist Centre) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Dalit | Ramprit Paswan | Samajbadi Party, Nepal | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Disabled/Minority | Brikhesh Chandra Lal | Rastriya Janata Party Nepal | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Bagmati Province | |||||
| Open | Balram Baskota | Nepal Communist Party | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Open | Ram Bahadur Thapa | CPN (Maoist Centre) | 4 March 2018 | 18 April 2021[40] | |
| Open | Radheshyam Adhikari | Nepali Congress | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Women | Dhana Khatiwada | Nepali Congress | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Women | Udaya Sharma | CPN (Unified Socialist) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Gandaki Province | |||||
| Open | Surendra Raj Pandey | Nepali Congress | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Open | Dina Nath Sharma | CPN (Maoist Centre) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Women | Brinda Rana Magar | Nepali Congress | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Women | Shanti Adhikari | CPN (Unified Socialist) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Dalit | Khim Bahadur BK | CPN (Maoist Centre) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Lumbini Province | |||||
| Open | Durga Prasad Upadhyaya | Nepali Congress | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Open | Chandra Bahadur Khadka | CPN (Maoist Centre) | 4 March 2018 | 28 April 2021[41] | |
| Open | Dirga Narayan Pandey | Nepali Congress | 9 June 2021[42] | 3 March 2022 | |
| Women | Mina Budha | Nepal Communist Party | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Women | Komal Oli | CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Dalit | Ram Lakhan Harijan | CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Disabled/Minority | Raj Kumar Kunwar | Nepal Communist Party | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Karnali Province | |||||
| Open | Kali Bahadur Malla | Nepal Communist Party | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Open | Thagendra Puri | CPN (Unified Socialist) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Women | Yutul Lama | Nepal Communist Party | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Women | Kabita Bogati | CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Disabled/Minority | Jeevan Budha | CPN (Maoist Centre) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Sudurpashchim Province | |||||
| Open | Badri Pandey | Nepali Congress | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Open | Sher Bahadur Kunwar | CPN (Unified Socialist) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Women | Kamala Oli | Nepal Communist Party | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | |
| Women | Tara Devi Joshi | Nepali Congress | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Dalit | Chakra Prasad Snehi | CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | |
| Nominated | |||||
| Yuba Raj Khatiwada | Nepal Communist Party | 4 March 2018 | 3 March 2020 | ||
| Ram Narayan Bidari | CPN (Maoist Centre) | 10 March 2018 | 3 March 2022 | ||
Explanatory notes
- 15 elected and 1 nominated
- 8 elected and 1 nominated
- 17 elected (including chairperson) and 1 nominated
- Represented as Independent for not meeting party threshold.
- MP for Rastriya Janata Party Nepal, party merged with Samajbadi Party, Nepal to form People's Socialist Party, Nepal on 23 April 2020
- MP for Naya Shakti Party, Nepal, party merged with Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal to form Samajbadi Party, Nepal on 6 May 2019
- MP from Samajbadi Party, Nepal, party merged with Rastriya Janata Party Nepal to form People's Socialist Party, Nepal on 23 April 2020
- Member of People's Progressive Party. Caucus with CPN (Unified Marxist-Leninist)
- MP from Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal, party merged with Naya Shakti Party, Nepal to form Samajbadi Party, Nepal on 6 May 2019
- MP for CPN (UML), party merged with CPN (Maoist Centre) to form Nepal Communist Party on 17 May 2018
- Before dissolutuon of Nepal Communist Party
- Joint committee with National Assembly
- Succession of the two-year-term seat via the 2020 Nepalese National Assembly election[32]
- Succession of the four-year-term seat via the 2022 Nepalese National Assembly election[31]
- Succession via by-election caused due to expulsion of sitting member, Ram Bahadur Thapa, from CPN (Maoist Centre)[33]
References
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- "महन्थ ठाकुर पक्ष आन्तरिक छलफलमा, सरकारमा सहभागी नहुने". eKantipur (in Nepali). 12 September 2021.
- "सरकारमा सहभागिताबारे लोसपामा दुईधार". eKantipur (in Nepali). 12 September 2021.
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{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - "Speaker Mahara resigns following rape allegations". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2020-04-03.
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- Joined other party CPN (Unified Socialist)
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- Final Results of National Assembly Election, 2022, 27 January 2022
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