2023 Nigerian presidential election

The 2023 Nigerian presidential election will be held on 25 February 2023 to elect the President and Vice President.[1] Incumbent APC President Muhammadu Buhari is term-limited and cannot seek re-election to a third term. The primaries are scheduled for between 4 April and 3 June 2022. The winners of the election will be inaugurated on 29 May 2023, the former date of Democracy Day.

2023 Nigerian presidential election
25 February 2023
 
Party APC PDP
President before election

Muhammadu Buhari
APC

 Elected President

TBD
TBD

Electoral system

The President of Nigeria is elected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive a majority of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least 24 of the 36 states. If no candidate passes this threshold, a second round will be held between the top two candidates.[2]

Primary elections

The primaries, along with any potential challenges to primary results, will take place in late 2022 or early 2023. An informal zoning gentlemen's agreement sets the South (the South East, South South, and South West geopolitical zones) to have the next President as Buhari, a Northerner, was elected twice. Another informal convention calls for nominees to have vice presidential running mates from a different region and religion as themselves. No major party has yet closed their primaries to non-Southern candidates or designated that their tickets cannot have running mates of the same religion, as both the APC and PDP have had heated internal debates over zoning and same religion tickets.[3][4]

All Progressives Congress

With Muhammadu Buhari having been elected to the presidency twice, he is ineligible for reelection. In July 2021, then-national APC Caretaker Chairman and Yobe State Governor Mai Mala Buni backed the consensus method of nominating a presidential candidate instead of the more common direct or indirect primary methods.[5] During Buni's term as Caretaker Chairman, he also campaigned heavily for prominent PDP members to defect to the APC, weakening the opposition's caucus in the National Assembly and gaining three governors—Ebonyi State's Dave Umahi, Cross River State's Benedict Ayade, and Zamfara State's Bello Muhammad Matawalle—in 2020 and 2021. However, the APC's electoral performance and party unity were more mixed as it came a distant third in the 2021 Anambra State gubernatorial election[lower-alpha 1] and was still beset by infighting.[6] The APC primary has been framed in the wider context of internal party feuds stemming from the APC's formation in 2013 and pre-2019 election party crises to the 2020 removal of party leadership and contentious 2021 state party congresses. The ability of the APC national caretaker committee to resolve state party factionizations and properly organize the 2022 national party convention was seen as vital for both the APC's presidential chances and its future as a party.[7] After several postponements, the convention successfully was held on 26 March 2022 despite some controversy over the consensus method used for most party offices.[8][9]

In terms of zoning, there is no announced formal zoning agreement for the APC nomination, however, there have been calls from certain politicians and interest groups such as the Southern Governors' Forum to zone the nomination to the South as Buhari, a Northerner, was elected twice.[10][11] Countering its proponents are prospective candidates from the North and the Northern Governors' Forum, which did not oppose a southern presidency but disagreed with formal zoning.[12] On the other hand, there have been few proponents of a same religion ticket, mainly supporters and allies of Bola Tinubu who argue that there are few powerful Northern Christian APC politicians who could be his running mate.[13] Allies of other potential candidates and groups like the Christian Association of Nigeria have come out strongly against the idea of a same religion ticket on grounds of national unity and religious harmony.[4][14]

On 20 April 2022, the APC National Executive Committee announced the party timetable for the presidential primary and that the primary would use the indirect primary method. The announcement set the party's expression of interest form price at ₦30 million and the nomination form price at ₦70 million with a 50% nomination form discount for candidates younger than 40 while women and candidates with disabilities get free nomination forms. Forms are to be sold from 26 April until 6 May; after the submission of nomination forms by 10 May, candidates are to be screened by a party committee on 15 April while 23 April is the date for the screening appeal process. Ward congresses and LGA congresses are set for between 7 and 9 May to elect ad hoc delegates for the primary while ex officio delegates—thousands of current and former officeholders—will also be electors.[15] Candidates approved by the screening process will advance to a primary set for between 30 May and 1 June.[16][17][18]

Purchased forms

Declared

Announcement pending

Potential

Declined

Peoples Democratic Party

In October 2021, newly elected PDP Chairman Iyorchia Ayu backed the indirect primary method of nominating a presidential candidate instead of the direct or consensus methods.[48] In the year prior to Ayu's election at the October 2021 PDP National Convention, the party had been beset by months of defections from prominent members, most notably of over a dozen National Assembly members and three governors—Ebonyi State's Dave Umahi, Cross River State's Benedict Ayade, and Zamfara State's Bello Muhammad Matawalle; the party also came a distant second in the 2021 Anambra State gubernatorial election and suspended then-national party chair, Uche Secondus.[49] However, the PDP was able to hold its convention without controversy or violence in October, electing nearly all party officials by consensus and inaugurating the full National Working Committee in December.[50]

In terms of zoning, like the APC, the PDP does not have a formal zoning agreement for the nomination, however, there have been calls from certain politicians and interest groups such as the Southern Governors' Forum to zone the nomination to the South as the APC's Buhari, a Northerner, was elected twice.[51][52] Amid calls for zoning, the party set up a committee in March 2022 with a decision on the issue expected in April.[53][54]

On 16 March 2022, the national PDP announced its primary schedule, setting its expression of interest form price at ₦5 million and the nomination form price at ₦35 million with a 50% discount for candidates between 25 and 30. Forms were to be sold from 18 March to 1 April but the party later extended the deadline four times before reaching a final deadline of 22 April. After the submission of nomination forms by 25 April, candidates were screened by a party committee on 29 April with two of 17 candidates being disqualified while 2 May is the rescheduled date for the screening appeal process. Ward congresses are set for 29 April and LGA congresses are set for 5 May to elect delegates for the primary.[55][56] Candidates approved by the screening process will advance to a primary set for 28 and 29 May.[57][58]

Cleared by screening committee

Purchased forms

Withdrew

Declined

Minor parties
Action Alliance

The Action Alliance scheduled its primary for 3 June 2022 with forms being sold from 4 April to 15 May. The expression of interest form price was set at ₦5 million and the nomination form price at ₦10 million with a 50% discount for women, youth, and candidates with disabilities.[97]

African Action Congress

The African Action Congress has waived fees for both its expression of interest and nomination forms with candidates only having to pay small form processing fees.[98]

African Democratic Congress

The African Democratic Congress scheduled its primary for a date to be announced with forms being sold from 24 March to 24 May. The expression of interest form price was set at ₦5 million and the nomination form price at ₦20 million with forms being free for women, youth, and candidates with disabilities.[99]

Allied Peoples Movement

The Allied Peoples Movement scheduled its primary for 30 May.[100]

All Progressives Grand Alliance

The All Progressives Grand Alliance scheduled its primary for 1 June 2022 with ward congresses set for 10 May to elect delegates for the primary. The expression of interest form price was set at ₦5 million and the nomination form price at ₦20 million with a 50% discount for women and candidates with disabilities;[101][102] forms were to be sold from 29 March to 11 April but the deadline was extended to 15 April.[103]

Labour Party

The Labour Party scheduled its primary for 25 and 26 May.[104]

New Nigeria Peoples Party

The New Nigeria Peoples Party scheduled its primary for 25 and 26 May 2022; to elect delegates for the primary, ward and local government congresses were set for 22 and 25 April, respectively. The expression of interest form price was set at ₦10 million and the nomination form price at ₦20 million with those forms being sold from 10 to 15 April.[105]

National Rescue Movement

The National Rescue Movement has set its expression of interest form price at ₦1.5 million and nomination form price at ₦17.5 million with a 50% discount for women, youth, and candidates with disabilities.[106]

People's Redemption Party

The People's Redemption Party set its expression of interest form price at ₦0.5 million and its nomination form price at ₦10 million with a 50% discount for women candidates and free nomination forms for candidates with disabilities.[107]

Social Democratic Party

The Social Democratic Party set its expression of interest form price at ₦3 million and its nomination form price at ₦32 million with a 50% discount for youth and free forms for women and candidates with disabilities.[108]

Zenith Labour Party

The Zenith Labour Party set its expression of interest form price at ₦5 million and the nomination form price at ₦18 million with free forms for women, youth, and candidates with disabilities.[109]

See also

Notes
  1. On Election Day, Andy Uba and Emeka Okafor were officially listed as the APC gubernatorial and deputy gubernatorial nominees, respectively. However, in December 2021, a Federal High Court nullified the APC gubernatorial primary and declared Uba’s nomination illegal, null, and void.

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