List of longest-reigning monarchs

This is a list of the longest-reigning monarchs of all time, detailing the monarchs and lifelong leaders who have reigned the longest in world history, sorted by length of reign. Currently reigning monarchs are highlighted in green color.

For the current reigning monarchs, see List of current reigning monarchs by length of reign.

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Louis XIV,
the longest-ruling sovereign monarch who is verifiable by exact date.
Elizabeth II,
the longest-reigning incumbent monarch and the longest-reigning female monarch in history.

Monarchs of sovereign states with verifiable reigns by exact date

Twenty-five longest-reigning monarchs of states that were internationally recognized as sovereign for most or all of their reign.

  Incumbent
No. Name State Reign Duration Ref.
From To (days) (years, days)
1 Louis XIV  France 14 May 1643 1 September 1715 26,407 72 years, 110 days [1]
2 Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX)  Thailand 9 June 1946 13 October 2016 25,694 70 years, 126 days [2]
3 Johann II  Liechtenstein 12 November 1858 11 February 1929 25,658 70 years, 91 days [3]
4 Elizabeth II  Australia
 Canada
 New Zealand
 United Kingdom[lower-alpha 1]		 6 February 1952 Incumbent 25,656 70 years, 88 days [4][5]
5 Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal I Palenque 29 July 615[lower-alpha 2] 31 August 683 24,870 68 years, 33 days [6]
6 Franz Joseph I  Austria (1848–1867)
 Austria-Hungary (1867–1916)		 2 December 1848 21 November 1916 24,825 67 years, 355 days [7]
7 Ferdinand III  Sicily (1759–1816)[lower-alpha 3]
 Two Sicilies (1816–1825)		 6 October 1759 4 January 1825 23,831 65 years, 90 days [8]
8 Victoria  United Kingdom 20 June 1837 22 January 1901 23,226 63 years, 216 days [9]
9 James I Aragon 12 September 1213 27 July 1276 22,964 62 years, 319 days [10]
10 Hirohito (Emperor Shōwa)[lower-alpha 4]  Empire of Japan (1926–1947)
 Japan (1947–1989)		 25 December 1926 7 January 1989 22,659 62 years, 13 days [12]
11 Kangxi Emperor[lower-alpha 5]  China (Qing dynasty) 5 February 1661 20 December 1722 22,597 61 years, 318 days [13]
12 Qianlong Emperor[lower-alpha 6]  China (Qing dynasty) 18 October 1735 9 February 1796 22,029 60 years, 114 days [14]
13 Christian IV  Denmark–Norway 4 April 1588 28 February 1648 21,879 59 years, 330 days [15]
14 Elizabeth II  Jamaica 6 August 1962 Incumbent 21,822 59 years, 272 days [16][17]
15 George III  Great Britain (1760–1800)
 Ireland (1760–1800)
 United Kingdom (1801–1820)[lower-alpha 7]
 Electorate of Hanover[lower-alpha 8] (1760–1814)
 Kingdom of Hanover (1814–1820)		 25 October 1760 29 January 1820 21,644 59 years, 96 days [18]
16 Honoré III  Monaco 7 November 1733 19 January 1793 21,623 59 years, 73 days [19]
17 Louis XV  France 1 September 1715 10 May 1774 21,436 58 years, 251 days [20]
18 Pedro II  Brazil 7 April 1831 15 November 1889 21,407 58 years, 222 days [21]
19 Nicholas I  Principality of Montenegro (1860–1910)
 Kingdom of Montenegro (1910–1918)		 13 August 1860 26 November 1918 21,288 58 years, 105 days [22]
20 Wilhelmina  Netherlands 23 November 1890 4 September 1948 21,104 57 years, 286 days [23]
21 James VI  Scotland 24 July 1567 27 March 1625 21,066 57 years, 246 days [24]
22 Conrad I Burgundy 11 July 937 19 October 993 20,554 56 years, 100 days
23 Alfonso VIII  Castile 31 August 1158 5 October 1214 20,489 56 years, 35 days
24 Henry III  England 28 October 1216 16 November 1272 20,473 56 years, 19 days
25 Rainier III  Monaco 9 May 1949 6 April 2005 20,421 55 years, 332 days
Updated daily according to UTC.

Monarchs of dependent or constituent states with verifiable reigns by exact date
Sobhuza II, the longest-reigning verifiable monarch ever known.

The table below contains monarchs of states that were not internationally sovereign for most of their reign.

"(HRE)" indicates a semi-sovereign state within the Holy Roman Empire and a reign that concluded before the dissolution of the Empire in 1806."(HRE*)" indicates a reign that began when the state was within the Empire and continued after its dissolution.

No. Name State Reign Duration
From To (days) (years, days)
1 Sobhuza II[lower-alpha 9] Swaziland (British protectorate until 1968) 10 December 1899 21 August 1982 30,204 82 years, 254 days
2 Bernhard VII[26] Lippe (HRE) 12 August 1429 2 April 1511 29,818 81 years, 234 days
3 Eberhard III Arenberg (HRE) 29 March 1308 15 November 1387 29,085 79 years, 231 days
4 Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo Chotanagpur (British Raj) 2 January 1872 21 September 1950 28,751 78 years, 262 days
5 William IV[26] Henneberg-Schleusingen (HRE) 26 May 1480 24 January 1559 28,731 78 years, 243 days
6 Karansinhji Vajirajji[27] Lakhtar State (part of British Raj from 1858) 15 June 1846 8 August 1924 28,543 78 years, 54 days
7 Heinrich XI[lower-alpha 10][28][29][26] Reuss-Obergreiz (HRE) 17 March 1723 28 June 1800 28,227 77 years, 103 days
8 Idris ibni Muhammad al-Qadri,[26] Tunku Besar of Tampin Tampin (Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia) (part of British Malaya until 1957) 31 May 1929 26 December 2005 27,968 76 years, 209 days
9 Christian August[26] Palatinate-Sulzbach (HRE) 14 August 1632 23 April 1708 27,645 75 years, 253 days
10 Bishan Chandra Jenamuni Rairakhol (part of British Raj from 1858) 13 March 1825 27 June 1900 27,499 75 years, 106 days
11 Mudhoji IV Rao Naik Nimbalkar[26] Phaltan (part of British Raj from 1858) 7 December 1841 17 October 1916 27,342 74 years, 315 days
12 Bhagvatsingh Sahib[26] Gondal state (British Raj) 14 December 1869 10 March 1944 27,114 74 years, 87 days
13 George William[26] Schaumburg-Lippe (HRE*) (Between 1807 and 1815 part of the Confederation of the Rhine, from 1815 part of the German Confederation.) 13 February 1787 21 November 1860 26,944 73 years, 282 days
14 Charles Frederick[26] Baden (HRE*) 12 May 1738 10 June 1811 26,691 73 years, 29 days
15 John Louis Nassau-Saarbrücken (HRE) 19 October 1472 4 June 1545 26,525 72 years, 228 days[lower-alpha 11]
16 Henry Frederick Hohenlohe-Langenburg (HRE) 29 January 1628 5 August 1699 26,121 71 years, 188 days
17 Jagatjit Singh Kapurthala (British Raj) 3 September 1877 20 August 1948 25,918 70 years, 352 days[lower-alpha 12]
18 Parashuramrao Shrinivas Aundh (British India) 30 August 1777 11 June 1848 25,852 70 years, 286 days
19 Franz Karl Fürstenberg-Donaueschingen (HRE) 15 November 1627 19 July 1698 25,814 70 years, 246 days
20 Werner Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck (HRE) 31 October 1559 26 December 1629 25,624 70 years, 56 days
21 Karl August Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (HRE*) 28 May 1758 14 June 1828 25,584 70 years, 17 days
22 Alberico I Massa and Carrara (HRE) 6 June 1553 18 January 1623 25,428 69 years, 226 days
23 Philip I [lower-alpha 13] Lippe-Alverdissen (HRE) 7 December 1613 10 April 1683 25,326 69 years, 124 days
24 Heinrich Joseph Johann Auersperg (HRE) 6 November 1713 9 February 1783 25,297 69 years, 95 days
25 Frederick III Inner Austria (HRE) 10 June 1424 19 August 1493 25,272 69 years, 70 days
26 George William Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (HRE) 16 December 1600 25 December 1669 25,211 69 years, 9 days
27 Georg I Anhalt-Dessau (HRE) 24 September 1405 21 September 1474 25,199 68 years, 362 days
28 Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne Bouillon (HRE) 9 August 1652 26 July 1721 25,187 68 years, 351 days
29 Frederick V Hesse-Homburg (HRE*) 7 February 1751 20 January 1820 25,183 68 years, 347 days
30 Vikramatji Khimojiraj Porbandar (British protectorate, then part of British Raj from 1858) 20 June 1831 21 April 1900 25,142 68 years, 305 days
31 Krishnaraja Wadiyar III Mysore (British Subsidiary alliance, then part of British Raj from 1858) 30 June 1799 27 March 1868 25,107 68 years, 271 days
32 Chintaman Rao I Appa Sahib Sangli (British India) 6 November 1782 15 July 1851 25,087 68 years, 251 days
33 Johann Friedrich Castell-Rüdenhausen (HRE) 10 January 1681 23 June 1749 25,000 68 years, 164 days
34 Otto VI the One-Eyed Brunswick-Göttingen (HRE) 13 November 1394 6 February 1463 24,921 68 years, 85 days
35 Sawant Singh Pratapgarh (British India) 26 October 1775 5 January 1844 24,907 68 years, 71 days
36 Christian Karl Reinhard Leiningen-Dagsburg (HRE) 3 November 1698 17 November 1766 24,850 68 years, 14 days
37 Ram Singh Bundi State (British protectorate, then part of British Raj from 1858) 14 May 1821 28 March 1889 24,790 67 years, 318 days
38 Vakhatsinhji Meghrajji Vallabhipura (British Raj) 20 August 1875 5 June 1943 24,760 67 years, 289 days
39 Ernest II Oettingen-Wallerstein (HRE) 14 October 1602 3 March 1670 24,613 67 years, 141 days
40 Malietoa Tanumafili II Samoa 7 January 1940 11 May 2007 24,596 67 years, 124 days
41 Henry III Meissen (HRE) 18 January 1221 15 February 1288 24,499 67 years, 28 days
42 Eberhard IV Arenberg (HRE) 15 November 1387 12 November 1454 24,468 66 years, 362 days
43 Eleanor[lower-alpha 14] Aquitaine (France) 9 April 1137 1 April 1204 24,464 66 years, 358 days
44 Augustus Anhalt-Plötzkau (HRE) 6 December 1586 22 August 1653 24,366 66 years, 259 days
45 Amarsinhji Banesinhji[lower-alpha 15] Wankaner (British Raj) 12 June 1881 15 February 1948 24,353 66 years, 248 days
46 Khengarji III Cutch (British Raj) 19 December 1875 15 January 1942 24,133 66 years, 27 days
47 Sulaiman Sharif ul-'Alam Shah Sultanate of Serdang (Indonesia) 20 December 1879 4 December 1945 24,090 65 years, 349 days
48 Raja Raj Ram Singh I Sitamau (British Raj from 1858) 15 February 1802 28 November 1867 24,027 65 years, 286 days
49 William IV the Victorious Brunswick-Luneburg (HRE) 14 October 1416 25 July 1482 24,025 65 years, 284 days
50 Leopold III Anhalt-Dessau (HRE) 16 December 1751 9 August 1817 23,977 65 years, 236 days
51 John I Brittany (France) 21 October 1221 8 October 1286 23,728 64 years, 352 days
52 Frederick William Hohenzollern-Hechingen (HRE) 13 January 1671 14 November 1735 23,680 64 years, 305 days
53 Johann Seyfried Eggenberg(HRE) 19 February 1649 5 October 1713 23,603 64 years, 228 days
54 Gangadhar Rao II Bala Sahib Patwardhan Miraj Senior (British Raj) 6 June 1875 11 December 1939 23,563 64 years, 188 days
55 Marie II Soissons (France) 25 October 1482 1 April 1547 23,533 64 years, 158 days
56 Vishwanath Singh Bahadur Chhatarpur (British Raj) 4 November 1867 4 April 1932 23,527 64 years, 152 days
57 Friedrich II Magnus Salm-Neuweiler (HRE) 26 October 1608 25 January 1673 23,467 64 years, 91 days
58 Albert V Anhalt-Dessau (HRE) 24 September 1405 24 September 1469 23,376 64 years, 0 days
59 Ibrahim Johor, Malaysia (part of British Malaya until 1957) 4 June 1895 8 May 1959 23,348 63 years, 338 days
60 Sayajirao Gaekwad III Baroda State (British Raj) 27 May 1875 6 February 1939 23,265 63 years, 256 days
61 Albert Anton Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (HRE) 4 November 1646 24 June 1710 23,242 63 years, 232 days
62 Anton Günther Oldenburg (HRE) 12 November 1603 19 June 1667 23,230 63 years, 219 days
63 Frederick Augustus I[lower-alpha 16] Saxony (HRE*) 17 December 1763 5 May 1827 23,149 63 years, 139 days
64 Ludwig I [lower-alpha 17] Anhalt (HRE) 6 December 1586 January 7, 1650 23,043 63 years, 32 days
65 Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa Bahrain (British protectorate from 1880) 1 December 1869 9 December 1932 23,018 63 years, 8 days
66 Charles III Upper Lorraine (HRE) 12 June 1545 14 May 1608 22,982 62 years, 337 days
67 Johann Friedrich II Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Öhringen (HRE) 17 October 1702 24 August 1765 22,957 62 years, 311 days
68 Philipp Ernst Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (HRE) 21 February 1697 29 November 1759 22,926 62 years, 281 days
69 Bernhard II Saxe-Meiningen (HRE*) 24 December 1803 20 September 1866 22,916 62 years, 270 days
70 Philip II Nassau-Weilburg (HRE) 2 July 1429 19 March 1492 22,906 62 years, 261 days[lower-alpha 18]
71 Nicolas Leopold I Salm-Hoogstraat (HRE) 6 June 1707 4 February 1770 22,889 62 years, 243 days
72 Christian II [lower-alpha 19] Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (HRE) 16 September 1654 25 April 1717 22,866 62 years, 221 days
73 Léopold Philippe Arenberg (HRE) 19 August 1691 4 March 1754 22,842 62 years, 197 days
74 Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan Tonk (British Raj) 20 December 1867 23 June 1930 22,830 62 years, 185 days
75 Saqr bin Mohammed Al Qasimi Ras Al Khaimah (part of the British Protectorate of Trucial states until 1971, then the United Arab Emirates) 17 July 1948 27 October 2010 22,747 62 years, 102 days
76 Nahar Singh Shahpura (British Raj) 21 April 1870 24 June 1932 22,709 62 years, 64 days
77 Francis William Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedbur (HRE) 1 January 1673 31 December 1734 22,643 61 years, 364 days
78 Johann Christian I Eggenberg(HRE) 19 February 1649 14 December 1710 22,577 61 years, 298 days
79 Tuanku Abdul Hamid Halim Shah Kedah Sultanate (British Malaya) 22 September 1881 13 May 1943 22,512 61 years, 233 days
80 Philip IV Waldeck-Wildungen (HRE) 28 May 1513 30 November 1574 22,466 61 years, 186 days
81 Gopal Lal Kamta-Rajaula (British Raj from 1858) 5 January 1813 23 October 1874 22,459 61 years, 179 days
82 Wakhat Singh Dalil Singh Lunavada (British Raj) 31 October 1867 27 April 1929 22,458 61 years, 178 days
83 Paku Alam VIII Pakualaman (Indonesia) 12 April 1937 11 September 1998 22,432 61 years, 152 days
84 Victor Amadeus Anhalt-Bernburg (HRE) 22 September 1656 14 February 1718 22,424 61 years, 145 days
85 Wilhelm Moritz II Isenburg-Philippseich (HRE) 8 March 1711 8 June 1772 22,373 61 years, 92 days

Monarchs whose exact dates of rule are unknown

These monarchs are grouped according to length of reign by year in whole numbers. Within each year-grouping, they appear in historical order. In a given year, there may have been a wide array of actual reign lengths based on days. Thus, this table does not present a precise ranking by length of reign. The list is limited to those that might reasonably be expected to lie within the range of those in the tables above, at minimum 57 years. Bolded states were sovereign.

Japanese legendary emperors, according to the ancient Japanese calendar, reigned for very long terms of 60–70 years each. The longest ruler of the legendary emperors, Emperor Kōan, was claimed to have reigned for about 101 years. These figures are not included in the table because they are regarded as inaccurate by modern scholars. For those, see Longevity myths.

Name Country Reign Duration
(approx. years)
from to
Minhti[30] Kingdom of Mrauk U (Myanmar) 1279 1374 95 years (disputed)
Pepi II Neferkare[lower-alpha 20] 6th Dynasty (Old Kingdom of Egypt) 2278 BC 2184 BC (disputed) 94 years94 years (disputed)
Taejo[lower-alpha 21] Kingdom of Goguryeo (Korea)[31] 53 146[lower-alpha 22] (disputed) 93 years93 years (disputed)
Nintoku[lower-alpha 23] Japan (Kofun period) 313 (disputed) 399 (disputed) 86 years (disputed)
Yin Min Paik Early Pagan Kingdom (Myanmar) 249 (disputed) 334 (disputed) 85 years (disputed)
Abd al-Muttalib Quraysh 497 578 81 years
Ermanaric[lower-alpha 24] Oium 296 (disputed) 376 80 years
Hanayos Hariphunchai (Thailand) 670 750
Kana Seyon Gibe-Limu-'Enarya (Ethiopia) 1450 1530
Raja Sawai Basavalinga I Sundem (British India) 1763 15 May 1843
Trần Minh Công Trần Lãm (Vietnam) 888 967 79 years
Cheran Chenguttuvan Ancient Chera (India) 492 571
Jangsu Kingdom of Goguryeo (Korea)[31] 413 491 78 years
Karma I Kedah(Malaysia) 502 580
An Dương Vương Thục Dynasty (Vietnam) 257 BCE (disputed) 179 BCE (disputed)
Azmat Tallah Khan Rajouri (British India) 1683 12 November 1760 77 years
Mirian III Kingdom of Iberia (Caucasus) (sovereign 272 CE-298 CE) 268 (Vakhushti) or 284 (Toumanoff) 345 (Vakhushti) or 361 (Toumanoff)
Chandra Singh Chandra (India) 234 311
Raisingh Deo Patna (British India) 1685 1762
Otto I[lower-alpha 25] Baden-Hachberg-Sausenberg (HRE) 1308 1384 76 years
Mulla Ismail Dir (British India) 1676 1752
Darma Raja Kedah(Malaysia) 712 788
Johann Philipp Stadion (HRE) 1666 2 June 1742
Mohan Singh Rajgarha (India) 1638 14 April 1714
Tai Wu Shang dynasty (China) 1486 BC (disputed) 1411 BC (disputed) 75 years
Pyusawhti Early Pagan Kingdom (Myanmar) 167 (disputed) 242 (disputed)
Vakhtang Gorgasali Kingdom of Iberia (Caucasus) (sovereign 482 CE-502 CE) 447 522
Sauromaces I Kingdom of Iberia (Caucasus) 234 BC 159 BC
Raja Abhiram Singh Saraikela (British India) 1743 1818
Vanavaramban Ancient Chera (India) 30 105
Sukhachain Jind (British India) 1676 1751
Yo-Tha Hariphunchai (Thailand) 1197 1271 74 years
Wilhelm I Sayn-Wittgenstein (HRE) 1494 1568
Fazl Ali Khan II Bahadur Banganapalle State (Pakistan) 1686 1759 73 years
Gangesvara Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva Eastern Ganga(India) 1077 1150
Tezozomoc Altepetl of Azcapotzalco (Mexico) 1353 (disputed) 1426
Pandukabhaya Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) 440 BC 367 BC
Grigor II Syunik (Armenia) 1094 1166 72 years
Raja Sang Tawal Kelantan Sultanate (Malaysia) 1267 1339
Arwa al-Sulayhi Sulayhid Sultanate (Yemen) 1067 5 May 1138 71 years
Simon I County of Lippe (HRE) 1273 10 August 1344
Heinrich VIII Fürstenberg-Wolfach (HRE) 1419 30 November 1490
Shapur II[lower-alpha 26] Sasanian Empire (Persia) 309 379 70 years
Niandfo the Great[32] Oubritenga (Nigeria) 1441 1511
Aji Prince Tumenggung Bayabaya Kutai Kartanegara (Indonesia) 1475 1545
Johann Ulrich Stadion (HRE) 1530 1600
Tshudpud Namgyal Kingdom of Sikkim (dominated by Nepal until 1816 AD and then by the British) 1793 1863
Raja Pratap Manikya Twipra Kingdom (India) 1280 1350
Muhtarram Shah Kator Chitral (India) 1585 1655
Henry VI Gorizia (HRE) 6 May 1385 1454 69 years
Huan State of Qi (China) 636 BC 567 BC
Alberto Azzo II Margraviate of Milan (HRE) 1029 20 August 1097 68 years
Muhammad al-Adilin II Kedah Sultanate (Malaysia) 1710 1778
Fàn Tiānzhú Funan 289 357
Louis II Stadion (HRE) 1260 1328
Malojirao III Mudhol (British India) 1737 1805
Debi Singh Chanderi(British India) 1646 1714
Sizzo II County of Schwarzburg (HRE) 1050 1118
Robert[lower-alpha 27] Duchy of Bar (HRE) 1344 20 November 1411 67 years
Sultan Abdul Kadir Moh Aidid Sultanate of Gowa (Indonesia) 1826 30 January 1893
Gopal Singha Dev II Mallabhum (British India until 1858,British Raj from 1858) Spring 1809 31 December 1876
Rawal Kehar Singh II Jaisalmer(India) 1335 1402
Sultan Mahmud Shah II Perak (Malaysia) 1653 1720
Johann III Sponheim-Starkenburg (HRE) 1331 30 December 1398
Eberhard I Katzenelnbogen Junior (HRE) 1245 1311 66 years
Ramesses II 19th Dynasty (New Kingdom of Egypt) 1279 BC 1213 BC
Narayana Rautara
    		Chikiti-Eastern Ganga (India) Early 1464 Mid 1530
    Zhao Tuo[lower-alpha 28] Kingdom of Nanyue 203 BC 137 BC
    Catherine De' Medici Auvergne (France) 1524 5 January 1589 65 years
    Matilda I Nevers (France) 1192 1257
    Pharnavaz I Kingdom of Iberia (Caucasus) 299 BC 234 BC
    Aji Raja Mahkota Mulia Alam Kutai Kartanegara(Indonesia) 1545 1610
    Haydar Mohammad Khan Bahadur Pathari (British India until 1858,British Raj from 1858) 1794 29 December 1859
    Raja Miyan Syed Nuruddin Ali Choudhury Tarakote (British India until 1858,British Raj from 1858) 1804 21 January 1869
    Sagramji I Kumbhoji Gondal State (India) 1648 1713
    Sri Rao Kaiyaji Kutch(India) 1321 5 January 1386
    Raja Ashoka Challa Khasa-Malla(India) 1222 1287
    Nandivarman II Pallava Empire (India) 731 796
    Zhao State of Song (China) 468 BC 404 BC 64 years
    Khuman III Udaipur State (India) 878 942
    Harisingh Vidyadhara Dhenkanal(India) 1530 1594
    Amoghavarsha Rashtrakuta Empire (India) 814 878
    Inere Ughelli (Nigeria) 1460 1524
    Srutasravas Brihadratha (India) 1603 BC 1539 BC
    Subrata Brihadratha (India) 1171 BC 1107 BC
    Dharma Brihadratha (India) 1107 BC 1043 BC
    Henry VI Henneberg-Aschach-Römhild (HRE) 1292 1356
    Zhuang I State of Qi (China) 794 BC 730 BC
    Friedrich IV County of Castell (HRE) 1285 1349
    Sheikh Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi Sharjah & Ras Al Khaima (UAE) 1803 10 September 1866 63 years
    Fahrettin Behramşah Mengüjek(Turkey) 1162 1225
    Ganapati Deva Kakatiya Dynasty (India) 1199 1262
    Pradip Shah Garhwal Kingdom (British India) 1709 28 December 1772
    Mahmud III Mali Empire 1496 1559
    Rudolf I Bregenz-Chur (HRE) 1097 1160
    Vijaya Sena Sena dynasty (India) 1096 1159
    Sripurusha Western Ganga(India) 725 788
    Danarnava Eastern Ganga(India) 589 Summer 652
    Johann Gerhard Manderscheid-Gerolstein-Bettinge (HRE) 1648 1711
    Raimund II Orange (HRE) 1319 1382
    Naba Zombré Wogodogo (Nigeria) 1681 1744
    Jayavarman VIII Khmer Empire (Cambodia) 1232 1295
    Joseph Wilhelm Ernst [lower-alpha 29] Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg (HRE) 1700 1762 62 years
    Bhola Bhima II Gurjaradesa (India) 1178 1240
    Georg I Montfort-Pfannberg (HRE) 1482 1544
    Phạm Phòng Át Phạm Bạch Hổ (Vietnam) (sovereign 910 CE-966 CE) 910 972
    Abdul Jalilul Akbar Bruneian Sultanate 1597 1659
    Kaloji I Panchanji Dhrol(India) 1644 1706
    Prithvi Shah Garhwal Kingdom(India) 1552 9 January 1614
    Madhaba Rautara
      		Chikiti-Eastern Ganga (India) 997 1059
      Oubri Oubritenga (Nigeria) 1182 1244
      Charles Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn-Altenkirchen (HRE) 1741 1803
      Peter II Urgell (Catalonia) 1347 31 June 1408 61 years
      Cleomenes II Sparta (Greece) 370 BC 309 BC
      Nguyễn Thái Bình Nguyễn Khoan (Vietnam) 906 967
      Winnemar Manderscheid (HRE) 1206 1267
      Orontes III Armenia 321 BC 260 BC
      Chera Udaya Martanda Varma Venadu Chera(India) 1383 1444
      Ravi Varma Venadu Chera (India) 1252 1313
      Otto I Solms-Braunfels (HRE) 1349 1410
      Moritz Kasimir I Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda (HRE) 1707 1768
      Bhavsinhji I Ratanji Bhavnagar (India) 1703 1764
      Kotokuhene Nana Attafua Akyem Kotoku (Ghana) 1867 25 September 1927 60 years
      Padam Singh Bundela Jigni (British India) 1730 1790
      Aescwine Kingdom of Essex 527 587
      Cynan Garwyn Kingdom of Powys (Wales) 550 610
      Durbar Raja I Kedah(Malaysia) 330 390
      Avinita Western Ganga (India) 469 529
      Hiero II Syracus 275 BC 215 BC
      Pawl Kingdom of Glywysing (Wales) 480 540
      Sri Pravarasena II Alchon Huns (India) 530 590
      Khingila Alchon Huns(India) 430 490
      Dhāravarṣa Chandravati

      (India)

      		 1160 1220
      Mölambo Bubi Kingdom (Nigeria) 1700 1760
      Gusti Ngurah Agung II Tabanan (Indonesia) Mid 1843 21 November 1903
      Aji Maharaja Sultan Kutai Kartanegara (Indonesia) 1360 1420
      Mutasiva Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka) 367 BC 307 BC
      Cleopatra II Ptolemaic Egypt 175 BC 115 BC
      Sophie County of Bar (HRE) 1033 1093
      Adesida I Kingdom of Akure (Nigeria) 22 June 1897 1957
      Vanaraja Chavada(India) 846 906
      Kesaba Rautara Bira Karddama Singha Rautara
        		Chikiti-Eastern Ganga (India) 880 940
        Siddha Gonanditya (India) 983 BC 923 BC
        Hiranyakula Gonanditya (India) 855 BC 795 BC
        Vasukula Mukula Gonanditya (India) 795 BC 735 BC
        Nara II Gonanditya (India) 520 BC 460 BC
        Aksha Gonanditya (India) 460 BC 400 BC
        Gopaditya Gonanditya (India) 400 BC December 340 BC
        Friedrich I Salm-Blankenburg (HRE) 1210 1270
        Heinrich II Salm-Blankenburg (HRE) 1301 1361
        Ludwig Salm-Blankenburg (HRE) 1443 1503
        Mayadunne Sitawaka (Sri Lanka) 1521 1581
        Vanghoji II Phaltan (India) 1570 1630
        Gerhard I Schwarzburg (HRE) 1266 1326
        Matilda Margraviate of Tuscany (HRE de jure) 1055 24 July 1115
        Hu State of Chen (China) 1045 BC 986 BC 59 years
        Renaud II, Count of Orange Orange (HRE) 1062 1121
        John the Magnificent Poitou (France) 1357 15 June 1416
        Nguyễn Lệnh công/Vũ Ninh vương[lower-alpha 30] Nguyễn Thủ Tiệp (Vietnam) 908 967
        David I Anhoghin Tashir-Dzoraget (Armenia) 989 1048
        William IV Jülich (HRE) 1219 1278
        Konrad I the Scheerer Tübingen (HRE) 1317 1376
        Eberhard IV Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen (HRE) October 1416 Winter 1475
        William III County of Toulouse (France) 978 30 September 1037
        Raja Adesinhji I Bhaderwah (British India) 1722 1781
        Muhammad Bayazid Khan Bahadur Jagir of Maler (1600-1657)

        Malerkotla (1657-1659) (British India)

        		 1600 1659
        Bhaskara Ravi Manukuladithya Kodungallur Chera (India) 962 1021
        Nawab Asad Ali Khan Basoda (British India 1858,British Raj from 1858) 1800

        11 May 1822 [lower-alpha 31]

        		 1817

        22 May 1864

        Sri Tegin Shah Turk Shahis/Kabul Shahis

        (Afghanistan)

        		 Autumn 680 739
        Otto I Salm-Kyrburg (HRE) 1548 7 June 1607
        Mwezi IV Gisabo Kingdom of Burundi[lower-alpha 32] 1850 1908 58 years
        Gomani II Phillip [lower-alpha 33] Maseko (Malawi) 1896 12 May 1954
        Nan Zhou dynasty (China) 314 BC 256 BC
        Harald I Kingdom of Norway 872 930
        Rudolf II Sargans-Werdenberg (HRE) 1264 30 December 1322
        Al-Mustansir Billah Fatimid Caliphate 13 June 1036[33][lower-alpha 34] 29 December 1094

        or 6 January 1095[36][38][34]

        Imayavaramban Neduncheralathan Chera Dynasty(India) 130 188
        Suchi Brihadratha (India) 1257 BC 1199 BC
        Somadhi Brihadratha (India) 1661 BC 1603 BC
        Dridhasena Brihadratha (India) 970 BC 912 BC
        Sukshatra Brihadratha (India) 1463 BC 1405 BC
        Henry II Baden-Hachberg (HRE) 1231 1289
        Rudolf I Saxe-Wittenberg (HRE) 1298 12 March 1356
        Jayaba Mukne Jawhar (India) 1342 1400
        Rajapala Gurjara-Pratihara(India) 960 1018
        Jadumani Rautara Chikiti-Eastern Ganga (India) Winter 1633 31 December 1691
        Mulraj II Jaisalmer (British India) 1762 1820
        Ramasimhadeva Karnata(India) 1227 1285
        Henry IV Henneberg-Schleusingen (HRE) 1347 1405
        Muhammad Shafi Ud-Din II Sultanate of Sambas (Borneo) 1866 1924
        Sheikh Hamad bin Abdullah Al Sharqi Emirate of Fujairah(UAE) 1879 31 December 1936 57 years
        Pharasmanes I the Great Kingdom of Iberia 1 58
        Sargon Akkadian Empire 2272 BC 2215 BC
        Rhain ap Maredudd Kingdom of Dyfed (Wales) 740 797
        Nasir al-Din Muhammad Mihrabanid dynasty 1261 1318
        Jing Qi (China) 547 BC 490 BC
        Zhaoxiang Qin (China) 307 BC 250 BC
        Mithridates VI Pontus 120 BC 63 BC
        Hti Min Yin Early Pagan Kingdom (Myanmar) 242 (disputed) 299 (disputed)
        Prithvi Chand Baghal State (India) 1670 1727
        Balabhadra Rautara
          		Chikiti-Eastern Ganga (India)
            		840 897
            Vseslav II Bryachislavich[lower-alpha 35] Polotsk 1044 1101
            John II Auxerre (France) 1304 1361
            Kori Oyo 1300 1357
            Bernhard I Bentheim-Bentheim (HRE) 1364 1421
            Orontes I Armenia 401 BC 344 BC
            Birakesari Deva I Bhagirathi Deva Khurda Kingdom (British India) 1736 1793
            Yi Hham Hka Kengtung (Myanmar) 1403 1460
            Gokarna Gonanditya (India) December 340 BC Early 282 BC
            Sourigna Vongsa Lan Xang (Laos) 1637 1694
            Bajradhar Narendra Ranpur (India) 1842 12 July 1899
            John Waldburg-Waldsee (HRE) 1667 1724
            Adolf Ludwig Wilhelm Sayn-Wittgenstein-Karlsburg (HRE) 1749 1806
            Jaswant Singh Nabha (British India) 1783 22 May 1840

            See also

            Notes
            1. Length of reign applies only to the states that were independent at accession.
            2. In the Maya calendar, acceded 9.9.2.4.8, 5 Lamat 1 Mol; died 9.12.11.5.18, 6 Etz'nab 11 Yax. Long Count dates are converted using the Goodman-Martinez-Thompson (GMT) correlation.
            3. Was intermittently King of Naples during the same time period
            4. Served as Regent for his father Emperor Taishō, from 29 November 1921 until his formal accession. Status as head of state not formally defined in the 1947 constitution of Japan, but the emperor of Japan can act as a head of state, whenever needed.[11]
            5. Longest de jure ruler of China, although the Qianlong Emperor held longer de facto power.
            6. Longest de facto ruler of China, although the Kangxi Emperor held longer de jure power.
            7. Great Britain and Ireland were joined as the United Kingdom in 1801.
            8. Elector of Hanover (intermittently) from 1760. Proclaimed King of Hanover in 1814.
            9. He was proclaimed king at the age of four months, and his grandmother, Labotsibeni Mdluli, acted as regent until 22 December 1921 and then formally transferred all monarchial power to Sobhuza II.[25] Some sources take the date of succession as the date on which his grandmother handed over the royal duties to him, not when he was proclaimed king. Swaziland became independent from the United Kingdom in 1968.
            10. Heinrich XI succeeded to the throne as Count of Reuss-Obergreiz in 1723 on the death of his brother, Heinrich IX (all male members of the family were named Heinrich in order of birth, even across cousins). In 1778 he became the first Prince of Reuss Elder Line.
            11. Count John Louis was born posthumously, after the death of his father Count Johann II on 25 July 1472; he succeeded to the throne at birth.
            12. Acceded to the Union of India on 15 August 1947. Merged Kapurthala into the Patiala and Eastern Punjab States Union (PEPSU) on 5 May 1948, relinquished his sovereign powers with effect from 20 August. Rajpramukh of the PEPSU from 5 May 1948 until his death on 17 June 1949
            13. From 1640 he also ruled Schaumburg-Lippe
            14. Eleanor was Duchess of Aquitaine in her own right, although medieval law dictated that her various husbands (Louis VII of France, Henry II of England) and sons (Richard I and John of England) reign with her jointly.
            15. Merged his state into the United State of Kathiawad on 15 February 1948, but lived until 28 June 1954.
            16. Frederick Augustus I was known as Frederick Augustus III before 1806.
            17. after 1603 he also ruled Anhalt-Köthen after that line went extinct.
            18. Philipp II ruled as co-ruler with his brother till 1442 when they divided their inheritances.
            19. After 1671 Christian also ruled Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld after that line went extinct.
            20. Pepi II's figure has been disputed by some Egyptologists who favour a shorter reign length of 64 years, given the absence of attested dates known for Pepi after his 31st Count, which would equate to 62 years assuming the count to be biennial. Others point, however, to the consistency between the existing historical sources all crediting Pepi with over 90 years of reign. Finally, the lack of evidence beyond his 62nd year does not preclude a much longer reign, especially in view of the decay of the Egyptian state into the chaos of the First Intermediate Period at the end of Pepi's reign.
            21. A dispute exists concerning when Taejo 's reign ended. Lower estimates suggest 121–145 and higher ones up to 167 but the most widely believed one is 146 since Korean historians claim that he died in that year.
            22. 121 CE is another possible accepted date of Taejo's end reign
            23. While the chronology of his reign is disputed, his existence is generally accepted by historians.
            24. Some sources just give 80 years of lifespan not reign
            25. During his lifetime he had many co Monarchs including his father Rudolph IV made him ruler in 1308 he also ruled with his brother Henry IV until he died in 1318 and also his brother Rudolph VI who died in 1352.
            26. Shapur II was crowned in utero: the crown was placed upon his mother's belly. This child, named Shapur, was therefore born king; the government was conducted by his mother and the magnates.
            27. Robert was in co-rule with his step-brother Edward II until 1352
            28. Historians debate whether he was a Chinese or Vietnamese ruler (named Triệu Vũ Đế))
            29. In co-rule with his father until 1704
            30. Disputed name or ruler has two names.
            31. Had a interruption between 1818 and 1822 but later regained it in 1822,counting both of his periods he had a reign of 59 years
            32. Part of German East Africa from 1890.
            33. He had Regents until 1921
            34. While the year 1035 is cited by some historians as the year in which he ascended the throne,[34][35] the year 1036 is cited more frequently, particularly by Muslim scholars.[36][37]
            35. He also ruled Russia for a brief period between 1068 and 1069.

            References
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            3. "Biographies of the Princes and Princesses". House of Liechtenstein.
            4. "Her Majesty the Queen". 29 December 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
            5. Waites, Rosie (6 February 2012). "The moment a princess became a queen". BBC News. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
            6. "K'inich Janaab' Pakal I (Great-Sun-Shield), King of Palenque, depicted on an incense burner". museums.gov.il. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
            7. "Franz Joseph | emperor of Austria-Hungary". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
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            12. "BBC – History – Historic Figures: Emperor Hirohito (1901–1989)". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
            13. "Kangxi | emperor of Qing dynasty". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
            14. "Qianlong | emperor of Qing dynasty". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
            15. "Christian IV | Scandinavian king". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
            16. "Jamaica". Royal.uk. 5 January 2016. Archived from the original on 21 June 2021.
            17. "Independence". Jamaica Information Service. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
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            20. "Louis XV". Biography. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
            21. "Pedro II | emperor of Brazil". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
            22. "Nicholas I | Facts & Biography". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
            23. "Wilhelmina | queen of the Netherlands". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
            24. "James I | Biography, Religion, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
            25. "Cultural Resources: King Sobhuza II". Swaziland National Trust Commission. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2008.
            26. Rose Troup Buchanan (29 August 2015). "Queen Elizabeth II to become Britain's longest reigning monarch: Longest serving rulers ever". The Independent. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
            27. "Lakhtar – Indian Princely States". members.iinet.net.au. Archived from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
            28. Friedrich Wilhelm Trebge, Spuren im Land, Hohenleuben, 2005.
            29. Thomas Gehrlein, Das Haus Reuß: Älterer und Jüngerer Linie, Börde Verlag 2006, ISBN 978-3-9810315-3-9
            30. "Longest ever reigns". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
            31. "Koguryŏ | ancient kingdom, Korea | Britannica".
            32. Tiendrebeogo, Yamba (1963). "Histoire traditionnelle des Mossi de Ouagadougou". Journal des Africanistes. 33 (1): 7–46. doi:10.3406/jafr.1963.1365.
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            34. Hitti, Philip K. (2002). A Short History of the Arabs: From the Earliest Times to the Present (Revised 10 ed.). ISBN 0333631420.
            35. O'Leary, De Lacy (1923). A Short History of the Fatamid Caliphate Date=1923. p. 193.
            36. "MÜSTA'LÎ-BİLLÂH el-FÂTIMÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi". TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish).
            37. "MUSTANSIR BILLAH I (427-487/1036-1095), 18TH IMAM". ismaili.net. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
            38. "MUSTANSIR BILLAH I (427-487/1036-1095), 18TH IMAM". ismaili.net. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
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