Walckenaeria
Walckenaeria is a genus of dwarf spiders that was first described by John Blackwall in 1833.[4] It is a senior synonym of Paragonatium,[3] as well as Wideria, Cornicularia, Prosopotheca, Tigellinus, and Trachynella.[2]
| Walckenaeria | |
|---|---|
![]()  | |
| Walckenaeria acuminata from Commanster, Belgian High Ardennes . | |
| Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia | 
| Phylum: | Arthropoda | 
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata | 
| Class: | Arachnida | 
| Order: | Araneae | 
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae | 
| Family: | Linyphiidae | 
| Genus: | Walckenaeria Blackwall, 1833[1]  | 
| Type species | |
| W. acuminata Blackwall, 1833  | |
| Species | |
| 
 195, see text  | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Some males in this group have eyes set up on mounds or turrets. In extreme cases, several eyes are on a stalk taller than the carapace itself.
Species
    
As of September 2020 it contains 195 species and two subspecies:[1]
- W. abantensis Wunderlich, 1995 – Albania, Greece, Turkey
 - W. aberdarensis (Holm, 1962) – Kenya
 - W. acuminata Blackwall, 1833 (type) – Europe, Caucasus, Iran
 - W. aenea Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
 - W. afur Thaler, 1984 – Canary Is.
 - W. aksoyi Seyyar, Demir & Türkes, 2008 – Turkey
 - W. alba Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
 - W. allopatriae Jocqué & Scharff, 1986 – Tanzania
 - W. alticeps (Denis, 1952) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Middle Siberia), Iran
 - W. anceps Millidge, 1983 – Canada
 - W. angelica Millidge, 1979 – Italy
 - W. angustifrons (Simon, 1884) – France
 - W. antica (Wider, 1834) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kyrgyzstan, China, Korea, Japan
 - W. aprilis Millidge, 1983 – USA
 - W. arcana Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
 - W. arctica Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
 - W. asymmetrica Song & Li, 2011 – China
 - W. atrotibialis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1878) – North America, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
 - W. auranticeps (Emerton, 1882) – Russia (South Siberia to Far East), Canada, USA
 - W. aurata Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
 - W. baborensis Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria
 - W. basarukini Eskov & Marusik, 1994 – Russia (Far East)
 - W. bifasciculata Tanasevitch, 1987 – Azerbaijan, Armenia
 - W. bifida Millidge, 1983 – USA
 - W. blanda Millidge, 1983 – USA
 - W. breviaria (Crosby & Bishop, 1931) – USA
 - W. brevicornis (Emerton, 1882) – USA
 - W. brucei (Tullgren, 1955) – Sweden
 - W. camposi Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
 - W. capito (Westring, 1861) – Canada, Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Korea
 - W. carolina Millidge, 1983 – USA
 - W. castanea (Emerton, 1882) – USA, Canada, Greenland
 - W. cavernicola Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
 - W. chikunii Saito & Ono, 2001 – Korea, Japan
 - W. chiyokoae Saito, 1988 – Japan
 - W. christae Wunderlich, 1995 – Greece
 - W. cirriceps Thaler, 1996 – Greece, Turkey
 - W. clavicornis (Emerton, 1882) – North America, Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East), China, Mongolia, Japan
 - W. claviloba Wunderlich, 1995 – Greece (Crete)
 - W. clavipalpis Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
 - W. cognata Holm, 1984 – Tanzania
 - W. columbia Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
 - W. communis (Emerton, 1882) – USA, Canada
 - W. coniceps Thaler, 1996 – Greece
 - W. coreana (Paik, 1983) – Korea
 - W. corniculans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875) – Europe, North Africa, Turkey
 - W. cornuella (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1939) – USA, Canada
 - W. cretaensis Wunderlich, 1995 – Greece (Crete)
 - W. crocata (Simon, 1884) – Canary Is., Algeria
 - W. crocea Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
 - W. crosbyi (Fage, 1938) – Costa Rica
 - W. cucullata (C. L. Koch, 1836) – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia)
 - W. cuspidata Blackwall, 1833 – Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East)
- Walckenaeria c. brevicula (Crosby & Bishop, 1931) – USA, Canada, Greenland
 - Walckenaeria c. obsoleta Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1894 – Hungary
 
 - W. cyprusensis Wunderlich, 1995 – Cyprus
 - W. dahaituoensis Song & Li, 2011 – China
 - W. dalmasi (Simon, 1915) – Portugal, Spain, France
 - W. denisi Thaler, 1984 – Canary Is.
 - W. digitata (Emerton, 1913) – USA, Canada
 - W. directa (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – USA, Canada
 - W. discolor Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
 - W. dixiana (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944) – USA
 - W. dondalei Millidge, 1983 – Canada
 - W. dysderoides (Wider, 1834) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East)
 - W. elgonensis Holm, 1984 – Kenya, Uganda
 - W. emarginata Millidge, 1983 – USA
 - W. erythrina (Simon, 1884) – France (Corsica), Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia
 - W. exigua Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
 - W. extraterrestris Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria, Greece
 - W. faceta Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
 - W. fallax Millidge, 1983 – Canada
 - W. ferruginea Seo, 1991 – China, Korea
 - W. floridiana Millidge, 1983 – USA
 - W. fraudatrix Millidge, 1983 – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), Mongolia, USA (Alaska), Canada
 - W. furcillata (Menge, 1869) – Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe to West Siberia), Korea, Japan
 - W. fusciceps Millidge, 1983 – Canada
 - W. fuscocephala Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
 - W. galilea Tanasevitch, 2016 – Israel
 - W. gertschi Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
 - W. gologolensis Scharff, 1990 – Tanzania
 - W. golovatchi Eskov & Marusik, 1994 – Russia (Far East), Japan
 - W. gomerensis Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
 - W. grancanariensis Wunderlich, 2011 – Canary Is.
 - W. grandis (Wunderlich, 1992) – Azores
 - W. hamus Wunderlich, 1995 – Greece (Crete)
 - W. heimbergi Bosmans, 2007 – Morocco
 - W. helenae Millidge, 1983 – USA
 - W. hierropalma Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
 - W. ichifusaensis Saito & Ono, 2001 – Korea, Japan
 - W. incisa (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871) – Europe
 - W. incompleta Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
 - W. indirecta (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – USA, Canada
 - W. inflexa (Westring, 1861) – Sweden
 - W. insperata Millidge, 1979 – Italy
 - W. intoleranda (Keyserling, 1886) – Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia
 - W. iviei Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
 - W. jinlin Yin & Bao, 2012 – China
 - W. jocquei Holm, 1984 – Malawi
 - W. kabyliana Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria
 - W. karpinskii (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) – North America, Scandinavia, Lithuania, Russia (Europe to Far East), China, Mongolia
 - W. katanda Marusik, Hippa & Koponen, 1996 – Russia (South Siberia), Kazakhstan
 - W. kazakhstanica Eskov, 1995 – Russia (Urals to South Siberia), Kazakhstan
 - W. kigogensis Scharff, 1990 – Tanzania
 - W. kochi (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) – Canada, Europe, Russia (Europe to South Siberia, Kamchatka), Kazakhstan
 - W. koenboutjei Baert, 1994 – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East)
 - W. korobeinikovi Esyunin & Efimik, 1996 – Russia (Europe to Far East), Japan
 - W. kulalensis Holm, 1984 – Kenya
 - W. languida (Simon, 1915) – Morocco, Algeria, France, Italy, Switzerland, Austria
 - W. latens Millidge, 1983 – USA
 - W. lepida (Kulczyński, 1885) – North America, Finland, Russia (Europe to Far East)
 - W. maesta Millidge, 1983 – USA
 - W. mariannae Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria
 - W. martensi Wunderlich, 1972 – India, Nepal
 - W. mauensis Holm, 1984 – Kenya
 - W. meruensis Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania
 - W. mesus (Chamberlin, 1949) – USA
 - W. mexicana Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
 - W. microps Holm, 1984 – Kenya, Uganda
 - W. microspinosa Wunderlich, 2012 – Canary Is.
 - W. microspiralis Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
 - W. minuscula Holm, 1984 – Kenya
 - W. minuta (Emerton, 1882) – USA
 - W. mitrata (Menge, 1868) – Europe, Russia (Europe to Middle Siberia)
 - W. monoceras (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947) – USA
 - W. monoceros (Wider, 1834) – Europe, Azerbaijan, Central Asia
 - W. neglecta Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria
 - W. ngorongoroensis Holm, 1984 – Tanzania
 - W. nigeriensis Locket & Russell-Smith, 1980 – Nigeria, Kenya
 - W. nishikawai Saito, 1986 – Russia (Sakhalin, Kurile Is.), Japan
 - W. nodosa O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873 – Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East), China, Japan
 - W. nudipalpis (Westring, 1851) – Europe, Azerbaijan, Russia (Europe to Far East), Japan
 - W. obtusa Blackwall, 1836 – Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East)
 - W. occidentalis Millidge, 1983 – USA
 - W. ocularis Holm, 1984 – Kenya
 - W. oregona Millidge, 1983 – USA
 - W. orghidani Georgescu, 1977 – Cuba
 - W. orientalis (Oliger, 1985) – Russia (Far East), Korea, Japan
 - W. pallida (Emerton, 1882) – USA, Canada
 - W. palmgreni Eskov & Marusik, 1994 – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), Mongolia
 - W. palmierro Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
 - W. palustris Millidge, 1983 – Canada
 - W. parvicornis Wunderlich, 1995 – Mongolia
 - W. pellax Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
 - W. perdita (Chamberlin, 1949) – USA
 - W. picetorum (Palmgren, 1976) – Sweden, Finland, Russia (Europe to Far East)
 - W. pinocchio (Kaston, 1945) – USA, Canada
 - W. pinoensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
 - W. placida (Banks, 1892) – USA
 - W. plumata Millidge, 1979 – Italy
 - W. prominens Millidge, 1983 – Canada
 - W. puella Millidge, 1983 – USA
 - W. pullata Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
 - W. pyrenaea (Denis, 1952) – France
 - W. reclusa Millidge, 1983 – USA
 - W. redneri Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
 - W. rufula Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
 - W. rutilis Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
 - W. ruwenzoriensis (Holm, 1962) – Congo, Uganda
 - W. saetigera Tanasevitch, 2011 – India
 - W. saniuana (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1939) – USA
 - W. serrata Millidge, 1983 – USA
 - W. simplex Chyzer, 1894 – Germany to Greece
 - W. solivaga Millidge, 1983 – USA
 - W. spiralis (Emerton, 1882) – Russia (Far North-East), Canada, USA
 - W. stepposa Tanasevitch & Piterkina, 2007 – Kazakhstan
 - W. striata Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
 - W. stylifrons (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875) – Europe
 - W. subdirecta Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
 - W. subpallida Millidge, 1983 – USA
 - W. subspiralis Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
 - W. subterranea Wunderlich, 2011 – Canary Is.
 - W. subvigilax Millidge, 1983 – USA
 - W. supercilia Seo, 2018 – Korea
 - W. suspecta (Kulczyński, 1882) – Poland, Slovakia
 - W. tanzaniensis Jocqué & Scharff, 1986 – Tanzania
 - W. teideensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
 - W. tenella Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
 - W. tenuitibialis Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria
 - W. teres Millidge, 1983 – Canada
 - W. thrinax (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1933) – USA
 - W. tibialis (Emerton, 1882) – USA, Canada
 - W. tilos Wunderlich, 2011 – Canary Is.
 - W. torta Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria
 - W. tricornis (Emerton, 1882) – USA, Canada
 - W. tumida (Crosby & Bishop, 1931) – USA, Canada
 - W. turbulenta Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria
 - W. tystchenkoi Eskov & Marusik, 1994 – Russia (Far North-East to Sakhalin)
 - W. uenoi Saito & Irie, 1992 – Japan
 - W. unicornis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1861 – Europe, Russia (Europe to West Siberia), Kazakhstan
 - W. uzungwensis Scharff, 1990 – Tanzania
 - W. vigilax (Blackwall, 1853) – North America, Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far North-East))
 - W. vilbasteae Wunderlich, 1980 – Estonia
 - W. weber (Chamberlin, 1949) – USA
 - W. westringi Strand, 1903 – Norway
 - W. wunderlichi Tanasevitch, 1983 – Ukraine, Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan
 - W. yunnanensis Xia, Zhang, Gao, Fei & Kim, 2001 – China
 
Formerly included:
- W. anceps Xu, 1985 (Transferred to Argyrodes)
 - W. anguilliformis Xia, Zhang, Gao, Fei & Kim, 2001 (Transferred to Shaanxinus)
 - W. bella (Paik, 1978) (Transferred to Paikiniana)
 - W. caobangensis Tu & Li, 2004 (Transferred to Nasoona)
 - W. cylindrica Xu, 1994 (Transferred to Paikiniana)
 - W. dentata Zhu & Zhou, 1988 (Transferred to Dactylopisthes)
 - W. imadatei (Oi, 1964) (Transferred to Oia)
 - W. iriei Ono, 2007 (Transferred to Paikiniana)
 - W. kamakuraensis (Oi, 1960) (Transferred to Baryphymula)
 - W. keikoae Saito, 1988 (Transferred to Paikiniana)
 - W. lurida Seo, 1991 (Transferred to Paikiniana)
 - W. mira (Oi, 1960) (Transferred to Paikiniana)
 - W. patagonica Tullgren, 1901 (Transferred to Neomaso)
 - W. pini (Holm, 1950) (Transferred to Baryphyma)
 - W. saitoi Ono, 1991 (Transferred to Ainerigone)
 - W. selma (Chamberlin, 1949) (Transferred to Scylaceus)
 - W. sounkyoensis Saito, 1986 (Transferred to Okhotigone)
 - W. transversa (Crosby, 1905) (Transferred to Tennesseellum)
 - W. vulgaris (Oi, 1960) (Transferred to Paikiniana)
 - W. xui Platnick, 1989 (Transferred to Argyrodes)
 
- W. bicolor Blackwall, 1841
 - W. dulciacensis (Denis, 1950
 - W. exilis Blackwall, 1853
 - W. fusca Roșca, 1935
 - W. mengei Bösenberg, 1902
 - W. parva Blackwall, 1841
 - W. vafra Blackwall, 1856
 
See also
    
    
References
    
- "Gen. Walckenaeria Blackwall, 1833". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2020. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
 - Merrett, P. (1963). "The palpus of male spiders of the family Linyphiidae". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 140 (3): 462.
 - Wunderlich, J. (1974). "Ein Beitrag zur Synonymie einheimischer Spinnen (Arachnida: Araneae)". Zoologische Beiträge. 20: 166.
 - Blackwall, J. (1833). "Characters of some undescribed genera and species of Araneidae". London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 3 (3): 436–443.
 
Further reading
    
- Millidge, A. F. (1983). "The erigonine spiders of North America. Part 6. The genus Walckenaeria Blackwall (Araneae, Linyphiidae)". Journal of Arachnology. 11: 105–200 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
 - Wunderlich, J. (1972). "Zur Kenntnis der Gattung Walckenaeria Blackwall 1833 unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der europäischen Subgenera und Arten (Arachnida: Araneae: Linyphiiidae)". Zoologische Beiträge. 18: 371–427.
 - Simon, E. (1884). Les arachnides de France. Tome cinquième, deuxième et troisième partie. Roret, Paris. pp. 180–885.
 - Paquin, P.; Dupérré, N. (2003). "Guide d'identification des araignées de Québec". Fabreries, Supplément. 11: 1–251.
 - Simon, E. (1926). Les arachnides de France. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espèces françaises de l'ordre des Araneae. Tome VI. 2e partie. Roret, Paris. pp. 309–532.
 
External links
    
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