March 1962

The following events occurred in March 1962:

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March 7, 1962: First Orbiting Solar Observatory launched by U.S.
March 18, 1962: Algerian independence fighters (pictured) and France sign the Évian Accords to end the Algerian War after more than seven years
OSO-one
March 3, 1962: United Kingdom claims slice of Antarctica

March 1, 1962 (Thursday)

  • Benedicto Kiwanuka became the interim Prime Minister of Uganda as the African colony was granted self-government by the United Kingdom. He would be replaced by Milton Obote the next month, before Uganda's independence on October 9, and would later be murdered by Ugandan President Idi Amin in 1972.[1]
  • The very first K-Mart discount store (now Kmart) was opened by the S.S. Kresge Corporation in the United States in Garden City, Michigan.[2] Kresge CEO Harry Cunningham founded and oversaw the growth of what would be the largest chain of American discount stores by 1964. In 1990. K-Mart's #1 spot would be yielded to Wal-Mart, also founded in 1962.[3]
  • "The Incredible Hulk" was introduced as the first issue of the comic book, by that name, on the shelves of U,S, stores and newsstands. Issue #1 was post-dated to May 1962 in accordance with industry practice.[4]
  • American Airlines Flight 1, a Boeing 707, crashed shortly after its 10:07 am takeoff from Idlewild Airport at New York, killing all 95 people on board. The dead included W. Alton Jones, philanthropist and chairman of the board of Cities Service Company (now CITGO).[5] An investigation concluded that the crash was caused by a rudder malfunction, which sent the plane into an uncontrolled roll resulting and loss of control.[6]
  • The largest ticker-tape parade in history took place in New York City as well-wishers turned out to salute American astronaut John Glenn. The city sanitation department collected 3,474 tons of tossed paper afterward, compared to an average of 50 tons for parades in the 21st century.[7]
  • President of Pakistan Ayub Khan promulgated a constitution in order to reinforce his authority in the absence of martial law.[8]
  • The final section of the Cahill Expressway opened in Sydney, Australia.[9]
  • A three-story hotel collapsed in the Egyptian city of Asyut, killing 34 people who were eating after sunset at an Eid ul-Fitr, a feast celebrating the end of the month of Ramadan on the Islamic calendar. Seven survivors were recovered alive from the rubble.[10]

March 2, 1962 (Friday)

March 3, 1962 (Saturday)

March 4, 1962 (Sunday)

March 5, 1962 (Monday)

March 6, 1962 (Tuesday)

  • Rated by the U.S. Geological Survey as "The most destructive storm ever to hit the mid-Atlantic states" of the US, and as one of the ten worst U.S. storms in the 20th century, the Ash Wednesday Storm of 1962 began forming off of the coast of North Carolina and continued for three days as it moved up the Eastern seaboard as far as New York.[35] Heavy winds and rain coincided with a perigean spring tide, when a new Moon occurred when the Moon was making its closest approach to the Earth. The combined tugging of Moon and Sun made the tides higher than normal. Forty people were killed and $500,000,000 of damage was incurred.[36]
  • U.S. Patent #3,023,527 was granted to Wayne Leek and Charles Morse for the Remington Nylon 66, a rifle which required no added lubricants because the stock was made of the nylon variant Zytel.[37]
  • In a joint statement issued by U.S. Secretary of State Dean Rusk and Thailand's Foreign Minister Thanat Khoman, the United States pledged to go to war to defend any attack on Thailand by Communist guerillas.[38]
  • Born: Bengt Baron, Swedish swimmer and 1980 Olympic gold medalist; in Finspång[39]

March 7, 1962 (Wednesday)

  • In London, the Royal College of Physicians issued its report, "Smoking and Health", declaring that "Cigarette smoking is a cause of lung cancer. It also causes bronchitis and probably contributes to the development of coronary heart disease and various other less common diseases. It delays healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers." Sir Robert Platt, the president of the organization, led a committee of nine physicians to compile the research.[40][41] A panel led by the U.S. Surgeon General would draw a similar conclusion nearly two years later on January 11, 1964.
  • OSO I, the first of nine Orbiting Solar Observatory satellites, launched by the United States, was launched from Cape Canaveral put into orbit around the Earth, to measure radiation from the Sun.[42]
  • The Tipsport Arena opened in Prague, as the Sportovni Hala Praha. In addition to concerts and entertainment, it is the host to the ice hockey team HC Sparta Praha.[43]

March 8, 1962 (Thursday)

March 9, 1962 (Friday)

  • Three babies at the Binghamton General Hospital in Binghamton, New York, United States, died suddenly of heart failure. Three more were dead the next day, with four others in critical condition, and all had abnormally high sodium levels. The deaths of the six infants, three boys and three girls who ranged in age from 3 days to 8 months old, were traced to a nurse's mistaken placement of salt, three days earlier, into a sugar container used for the making of baby formula. Ironically, the discovery was made by another nurse who broke hospital rules when she made herself a cup of coffee in the formula room.[46] The deaths were subsequently ruled as accidental.[47]
  • In the second deadly mine explosion in West Germany in as many months, 29 underground coal miners were killed at the Saachen mine near Hamm.[48]

March 10, 1962 (Saturday)

  • Newly independent from France, the Kingdom of Morocco adopted its first constitution.[49]
  • Scottish football club Kilmarnock's home attendance record was broken when a crowd of 35,995 turned out to see them play Glasgow Rangers in the Scottish Cup, at the Rugby Park stadium.
  • Born: Seiko Matsuda, Japanese pop singer and songwriter, in Fukuoka[50]
  • Died: John Henry Turpin, 85, African-American U.S. Navy officer and one of the last survivors of the 1898 explosion and sinking of the U.S. Navy cruiser USS Maine[51]

March 11, 1962 (Sunday)

March 12, 1962 (Monday)

  • The "Franc Zone" was created among former French African colonies that had become independent nations, with France managing their economic policies, treasuries, and currencies.[54]
  • Cuba began the rationing of rice, beans, and lard throughout the nation, and of beef, chicken, fish, eggs, and milk in Havana, and introduced the "libreta", literally the "little book", of rationing coupons for families.[55]
  • Mars Rafikov, one of the original 20 Soviet cosmonauts, was arrested for public intoxication, along with Ivan Anikeyev, Rafikov, who had been reprimanded on several other occasions, was dismissed from the program on March 14.[56]
  • Born: Darryl Strawberry, American baseball player; and 1983 Rookie of the Year and 1988 home run leader in the National League; in Los Angeles[57]
  • Died: John McCuish, 55, who served as Governor of Kansas for 11 days from January 3 to January 14, 1957 [58]

March 13, 1962 (Tuesday)

  • Operation Northwoods, a top secret proposal to use American funding for terror attacks within the United States, was presented to U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara by Army General L. L. Lemnitzer, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. With the goal of carrying out violent acts that could be blamed on the Communist government in Cuba in order to get support for an invasion, the proposals included exploding an empty U.S. Navy ship in Guantanamo Bay and creating a false list of casualties; and faking an attack, to be blamed on Cuba, on a chartered airliner flying from the United States. The most incredible proposal was to simulate a "Communist Cuban terror campaign in the Miami area, other Florida cities, and even in Washington", including "exploding a few plastic bombs in carefully chosen spots", and directed against Cuban refugees "even to the point of wounding." The plan, which would be declassified in 2001, was vetoed by McNamara before it reached President Kennedy.[59]

March 14, 1962 (Wednesday)

  • Tony Jackson of the Chicago Majors scored twelve three-point baskets, as part of the short-lived American Basketball League, which pioneered the rule for shots from more than 25 feet away. Jackson's pro record for most treys, set in 124–122 loss to the Cleveland Pipers, tied in 2003 and 2005, would be surpassed on October 29, 2018 by Klay Thompson of the Golden State Warriors with 14 three-pointers in a 149-124 win over the Chicago Bulls.[60]
  • Edward M. "Teddy" Kennedy, the 30-year-old brother of U.S. President John F. Kennedy and U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, announced his candidacy for the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate seat that had been held by JFK. The incumbent, Benjamin A. Smith II, was a Kennedy family friend who had been appointed to fill the seat until a special election could be scheduled. Ted Kennedy, who had to wait until his 30th birthday, on February 22, to become eligible, would win the primary and general election, and then re-election in 1964, 1970, 1976, 1982, 1988, 1994, 2000 and 2006, serving for almost 47 years until his death in 2009.[61]

March 15, 1962 (Thursday)

March 16, 1962 (Friday)

March 17, 1962 (Saturday)

March 18, 1962 (Sunday)

March 19, 1962 (Monday)

March 20, 1962 (Tuesday)

  • Defying the ceasefire between the French Army and the Algerian FLN guerillas, the dissident European Algerian group, the OAS fired five mortar shells into a crowd of civilians at the Casbah in Algiers, killing four and wounding 67 people.[89]
  • At an extraordinary session of the National Assembly, French deputies and senators approved the statements made by the President of the Republic, Charles de Gaulle, and by the Government following the signing of the Évian Accords on Algeria.
  • Woodruff Place, Indiana, incorporated in 1876, came to an end as a separate town after the United States Supreme Court declined to review a state court decision that allowed the area to be annexed by Indianapolis.[90]
  • Died:
    • C. Wright Mills, 45, popular American sociologist at Columbia University, whose books influenced the "New Left"
    • A. E. Douglass, 84, American astronomer
    • Stan Wootton, 66, Australian rules footballer and cricketer

March 21, 1962 (Wednesday)

March 22, 1962 (Thursday)

JFK, Hoover and RFK
  • FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover met at the White House with John F. Kennedy, to advise him about what findings from a wiretap revealed. Not only was Hoover aware that President Kennedy was conducting an extramarital affair with Judith Exner, Hoover advised that Ms. Exner was also romantically involved with organized crime figures Sam Giancana and Johnny Roselli, and Frank Sinatra.[97] After the meeting, Kennedy called Exner to terminate the relationship. The affair would not become public knowledge until Congressional hearings were held in 1975.[98]
  • As part of the Evian Accords, France and Algeria granted a general amnesty to Algerian nationalists who "aided or abetted the Algerian insurrection" and to French and Algerian servicemen who "have committed infractions during the maintenance of order against the Algerian insurrection". On June 17, 1966, France would extend the amnesty to OAS members "who committed infractions against state security during the events in Algeria.[99]
  • Having moved to the Soviet Union, Lee Harvey Oswald received a March 7 notice advising that his discharge from the U.S. Marines had been changed from "honorable" to "undesirable", and wrote an unsuccessful protest to the U.S. Department of Defense.[100]
  • Adolf Eichmann began an appeal to an Israeli court, as his lawyer, Robert Servatius sought to spare Eichmann from the death sentence ordered in his 1961 war crimes conviction.[101] The verdict would be upheld, and Eichmann would be executed on May 31.[102]

March 23, 1962 (Friday)

March 24, 1962 (Saturday)

March 25, 1962 (Sunday)

  • Edmond Jouhaud, former General of the French Army who had become second-in-command of the European Algerian OAS, was arrested in Oran. It was not until six hours after his capture that police discovered that Messr. Gerberd was actually General Jouhaud. OAS Commander Raoul Salan remained at large.[109]
  • Died: Auguste Piccard, 78, Swiss physicist and explorer[110]

March 26, 1962 (Monday)

  • In Baker v. Carr, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled, 6–2, that federal courts could order state legislatures to reapportion seats.[111] In doing so, the Court overturned its 1946 ruling, in Colegrove v. Green, that it had no jurisdiction to decide redistricting disputes were political issues. Within a year after the ruling, lawsuits had been filed in 36 states to redraw the legislative maps.[112]
  • Hundreds of European settlers in Algeria staged a peaceful march in Algiers to protest the sealing off of their neighborhood at Bab El Oued. As they approached French Army barricades, fighting broke out, leaving 51 dead, mostly European, and 130 wounded.[113]
  • After having withdrawn from public view for several months, Cuban Premier Fidel Castro went on television to denounce Anibal Escalante, who had been a high-ranking official of the Cuban Communist Party. Escalante, whom Castro accused of "sectarianism" and using the Party to further his personal ambition, was fired the next day.[114]
  • France shortened the term for military service from 26 months to 18.
  • Born: Rajeev Motwani, Indian-American theoretical computer scientist, in Jammu (died 2009)[115]
  • Died: Augusta Savage, 70, African-American sculptor[116]

March 27, 1962 (Tuesday)

March 28, 1962 (Wednesday)

President Frondizi, deposed
President al-Kudsi, arrested

March 29, 1962 (Thursday)

  • The conveying of a life peerage on Sir Ian Macdonald Horobin was announced; two weeks later he withdrew his acceptance and was subsequently jailed for an indecency offence.
  • U.S. Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Whittaker resigned due to poor health.[124]
  • Comedian Jack Paar concluded his last appearance as host of "The Jack Paar Show" then known informally as "The Tonight Show" on NBC, after five years.[125] The guests on the last show were Jack E. Leonard, Alexander King, Robert Merrill and Buddy Hackett. Among those appearing in taped farewell messages were Richard Nixon, Robert Kennedy, Billy Graham, Bob Hope and Jack Benny. Hugh Downs was the announcer, and Jose Melis led the band. The show would continue as "The Tonight Show" the following week, with guest hosts, until Johnny Carson took over on October 1, 1962. Paar's last regular appearance was on a Thursday. The final show, on Friday March 30, 1962 was a "Best Of Paar" rerun. Jack Paar returned to television later that year, in November, as host of the Friday night "The Jack Paar Program".
White

March 30, 1962 (Friday)

  • Former college and pro football player Byron "Whizzer" White, the Deputy Attorney General of the United States, was nominated by President Kennedy to succeed Charles Whittaker.[126]
  • Teddy Kennedy, running for the U.S. Senate seat vacated by his older brother, President John F. Kennedy, disclosed that he had been required to drop out of Harvard University in 1951, after having cheated on a freshman examination.[127] Nevertheless, the younger Kennedy would win the 1962 primary and general elections, and be re-elected for more terms by Massachusetts voters.
  • Born: MC Hammer (stage name for Stanley Burrell), American rapper; in Oakland, California[128]

March 31, 1962 (Saturday)

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  93. "Sedative Blamed in Third Case", Montreal Gazette, March 30, 1962, p4
  94. "Actor Rex Harrison Takes Fourth Bride", Milwaukee Journal, March 21, 1962, p2
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  100. Diane Holloway, The Mind of Oswald (Trafford Publishing, 2000) p94
  101. "Eichmann Begs for Mercy", Milwaukee Journal, March 23, 1962, p2
  102. Ron Christenson, Political Trials in History: From Antiquity to the Present (Transaction Publishers, 1991) p121
  103. William H. Brock, The Chemical Tree: A History of Chemistry (W. W. Norton & Company, 1993) p329
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  106. "Paret 'Serious' After Defeat", Pittsburgh Press, March 25, 1962, p4-1
  107. "Paret Dies of Brain Injuries Received in Mar. 24 Fight", Milwaukee Journal, April 2, 1962, p15
  108. "Cincinnati Beats Ohio State, 70-51", Milwaukee Journal, March 25, 1962, p2-1
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  111. "US High Court Reverses Stand on Reapportionment", Milwaukee Journal, March 26, 1962, p1
  112. Christine L. Compston, Earl Warren: Justice for All (Oxford University Press, 2002) p125
  113. "51 Die in Algiers Massacre", Milwaukee Journal, March 25, 1962, p1
  114. "Castro Fires Stalin-Type Red Leader", Pittsburgh Press, March 27, 1962, p1
  115. Pratiyogita Darpan (August 2009). Pratiyogita Darpan. Pratiyogita Darpan. p. 21.
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  119. "FRONDIZI OUT, ARMY IN", Milwaukee Journal, March 29, 1962, p1
  120. "Military OKs New President Of Argentina", Milwaukee Journal, March 31, 1962, p1
  121. "Army Grabs Reins in Syria", Miami News, March 27, 1962, p1
  122. "Syria Reappoints Ousted President", Miami News, April 13, 1962, p1
  123. "Gen. Robert Neyland, 70, Dead; Coached Football at Tennessee", The New York Times, March 29, 1962, p. 33
  124. "Whittaker Quits Supreme Court", Milwaukee Journal, March 30, 1962, p2
  125. "And Jack Was His Paar Excellence", Miami News, March 30, 1962, p1
  126. "JFK Names Whizzer White To High Court", Milwaukee Journal, March 31, 1962, p2
  127. "EXPELLED BY HARVARD; TED KENNEDY TELLS WHY", Miami News, March 30, 1962, p1
  128. Paul T. Hellmann (14 February 2006). Historical Gazetteer of the United States. Routledge. p. 101. ISBN 1-135-94859-3.
  129. "Florida Tornado Kills 15", Milwaukee Journal, April 1, 1962, p1
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