January 1958

The following events occurred in January 1958:

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January 31, 1958: U.S. launches its first orbiting object, Explorer-1
January 1, 1958: European Economic Community formed by Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, West Germany and Italy
January 23, 1958: Venezuelan dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez overthrown

January 1, 1958 (Wednesday)

January 2, 1958 (Thursday)
  • The Communist government of the Soviet Union, which controlled wages and prices, announced that the price of vodka and wine would increase immediately by as much as 20 percent, while the price of an automobile went up by as much as 50 percent, which a reporter for The New York Times noted "will affect relatively few Russians." To offset discontent, the price of bread was lowered slightly.[8]
  • The new four-lane Connecticut Turnpike opened for traffic at 2:30 in the afternoon.[9] The total tolls for driving the 129 miles (208 km) highway from Greenwich to Killingly were $2.10, equivalent to more than $18 dollars 60 years later.[10]
  • Opera star Maria Callas, the prima donna of the Rome Opera, halted singing at the end of the first act of the Vincenzo Bellini opera Norma, the opener of the new season at Teatro dell'Opera di Roma, and refused to come back onstage for the second act. There was no understudy to complete the role; Italy's President Giovanni Gronchi and his wife walked out and the rest of the show was canceled as members of the audience began fighting. The opener was being broadcast to millions of radio listeners on the Italian State Broadcasting Network at the time.[11]
  • Born: Vladimir Ovchinnikov, Russian-born pianist and member of the Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra, 1982 winner of the International Tchaikovsky Competition; in Belebey, Bashkir ASSR, Soviet Union (now Bashkortostan Republic, Russia)

January 3, 1958 (Friday)

January 4, 1958 (Saturday)
  • Sputnik 1, which had been launched three months earlier on October 4, 1957, as the first man-made satellite in history, fell out of orbit and burned up upon re-entry into Earth's atmosphere.[19][20]
  • Born:
  • Died: Archie Alexander, 59, African-American designer and Governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands from 1954 to 1955

January 5, 1958 (Sunday)
  • The broadcast of a science fiction drama on Radio Moscow was mistaken by Western listening posts as a news report that the Soviets had launched the first man into outer space. Although the radio play opened with a statement of something that might happen "in the not too distant future" and closed with the narrator saying "of course, so far no actual flight of a man in the cosmic ship has taken place", rumors began circulating the next day that the Russians had launched a manned rocket to an altitude 300 kilometres (190 mi) above Earth.[21][22][23][24] The first launch of a man into space would take place from the Soviet Union three years later.
  • The paramilitary group BAJARAKA was founded in South Vietnam to fight against persecution against the Montagnards, a minority ethnic group living in the hills of Vietnam, and organized by a Montagnard, Y Bham Enoul.
  • Bellevue Baptist Church, now a megachurch in Memphis, Tennessee, became the first church in history to televise its services live using its own equipment.[25]
  • The Soviet Union announced that the number of delegates in both houses of its parliament, the Supreme Soviet, would be increased because of the population increase nationwide. The Council of the Union increased its number from 700 to 731, while the Council of Nationalities went from 600 to 633.[26]

January 6, 1958 (Monday)
  • Five Americans were allowed by the People's Republic of China to become the first visitors since 1949 to be invited to the Communist nation. Four had asked permission to visit relatives who were imprisoned in China, and crossed the border at Hong Kong while the other person, A. L. Wirin, was a defense attorney seeking to gather information for his clients, who were awaiting trial on charges of espionage in the U.S. Mrs. Mary V. Downey and her son William were visiting her son John T. Downey ; Mrs. Ruth Redmond was visiting her son Hugh Redmond; and Mrs. Philip G. Fectau was present to visit her son Richard Fecteau, who was captured along with Downey and serving a 20-year sentence and would be released on December 13, 1971). Mr. Downey and Mr. Redmond had been sentenced to life imprisonment.[27] On January 9, the mothers were allowed to spend two hours with their sons, with Mrs. Redmond going to Shanghai and Mrs. Downey and Mrs. Fecteau meeting with their sons at the Tsao Lan-tze Prison in Beijing.[28] All three men were CIA agents; Fecteau would be set free in 1971 and Downey would remain until 1973 after more than 20 years incarceration, while Redmond would die in prison in 1970.
  • A U.S. Navy Mercator patrol bomber, with 12 crew crashed into a neighborhood in Norfolk, Virginia when its engines failed during its approach to the Norfolk Naval Air Station. Four of the servicemen on the plane were killed, and although three cottages at the intersection of 22nd Bay and East Ocean View Avenue were destroyed, the occupants sustained only minor injuries.[29]
  • The television game show Dotto, hosted by Jack Narz, premiered on the CBS television network in the United States with a premise of a general knowledge quiz and "connect the dots". The show, along with its prime time version which premiered on the rival NBC network in July 1, was abruptly canceled after its last episode on August 15.[30][31] Soon afterward, Dotto was among the shows identified as providing answers in advance to some of the contestants.
  • Born:
    • Gulab Chandio, Pakistani television and film actor; in Shahmir Chandio, Sindh province (d. 18 January 2019 from heart disease)
    • Themos Anastasiadis, Greek newspaper publisher and founder of the Sunday paper Proto Thema (d. 22 January 2019 from cancer)

January 7, 1958 (Tuesday)

January 8, 1958 (Wednesday)

January 9, 1958 (Thursday)
  • Saboteurs with Algeria's National Liberation Front used a delayed mine to destroy the railway line upon which the first petroleum from the Hassi Messaoud oil field near Touggourt in the Sahara desert had been scheduled to be shipped to the port at Philippeville (now Skikda) for shipment to France. The mine, planted on the rails near Condé-Smendou exploded a few minutes after a freight train unexpectedly passed over it, a day ahead of when the oil shipment was to pass thorough the same area.[36]
  • In the annual State of the Union address, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower outlined an eight-point proposal to prevent what he described as a future that "would hold nothing for the world but an Age of Terror." Referring to the October 31, 1957 launch of Sputnik 1 by the Soviet Union, Eisenhower conceded that "Most of us did not anticipate the intensity upon the world of the launching of the first earth satellite," and that "we are probably somewhat behind the Soviets in some areas" in development of long-range missiles.[37]
  • Novosibirsk State University was authorized by resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union as the largest university in Siberia. The first classes would begin on September 28, 1959.[38]
  • Martin Sandberger, whose original sentence for his role in genocide in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia as an Einsatzgruppen official had been death by hanging, and later commuted to life imprisonment, was released from Landsberg prison after a little more than 12 years of incarceration. He would live peacefully in West Germany until his death in 2010 at the age of 98.[39]
  • Born: Mehmet Ali Agca, Turkish terrorist who shot and wounded Pope John Paul II in a 1981 assassination attempt; in Hekimhan
  • Died: Elmer "Trigger" Burke, 40, American bank robber and contract killer, was executed in the electric chair at Sing Sing Prison in Ossining, New York.[40]

January 10, 1958 (Friday)
  • In a speech to the Chinese Communist Party's Central Committee, China's Prime Minister Zhou Enlai reported that China was abandoning further plans to adapt a Chinese-symbol based phonetic alphabet for the Chinese language and that "In the future, we shall adopt the Latin alphabet for the Chinese phonetic alphabet. Being in wide use in scientific and technological fields and in constant day-to-day usage, it will be easily remembered. The adoption of such an alphabet will, therefore, greatly facilitate the popularization of the common speech."[41] The People's Republic would settle on the Hanyu Pinyin system of 23 consonant prefixes and 24 vowel/consonant suffixes in a law approved by the National People's Congress a month later on February 11.[42]
  • Born: Samira Said, Moroccan-born Egyptian singer; in Rabat

January 11, 1958 (Saturday)
  • French Army troops battled with Algerian nationalists who had crossed two miles from Tunisia into French Algeria from Sakiet Sidi Youssef. France reported that 12 of its soldiers were killed in the attack. The attack came one day after a clash near the Algerian border town of El Taref, where 116 nationalists had been killed by France, which lost only two men.[43]
  • Without prior approval or notice to Syria's President Shukri al-Quwatli, Syrian Army Chief of Staff Afif al-Bizri traveled to Egypt with a delegation of officers and met with Egyptian President Gamel Abdel Nasser to discuss unity between the two nations.[44]
  • The Communist government of Albania released a U.S. Air Force pilot whose T-33 training aircraft had been forced down on December 23 after penetrating Albanian airspace. Major Howard J. Curran was flown from Tirana as the sole passenger of a Yugoslavian airliner that landed in Belgrade. The Albanians kept the T-33.[45] Major Curran had been listed as missing for 15 days until the Albanian government announced that he was alive and been captured upon landing at Berat.[46] The release followed the freeing on January 4 of a British cargo plane and its six crew that had been forced to land at Vlorë on December 31.[46]
  • Romania's Grand National Assembly elected Foreign Minister Ion Gheorghe Maurer as the new President of the Presidium, Romania's Head of State, to succeed Petru Groza.[47]
  • Died: Frank Willard, 64, American cartoonist who had created the comic strip Moon Mullins that debuted on June 19, 1923.[48] While the strip was primarily done by his assistant, Ferd Johnson, Willard's name remained on the byline. Johnson would continue the strip after Willard's death until his retirement on June 2, 1991.

January 12, 1958 (Sunday)
  • A conflict between the South American nations of Chile and Argentina began over the uninhabitable island Snipe, located in the Beagle Channel waterway and claimed by both countries. The Chilean Navy vessel Micalvi brought a crew and equipment to erect a lighthouse.[49][50] Argentina, claiming the island as its territory, demanded a withdrawal and, in April, would destroy the Chilean structure and replace it with and Argentine lighthouse. The situation escalated from there.[51]
  • In the Spanish Sahara in Africa, the Saharan Liberation Army, organized from nationalists from Morocco, attacked the Spanish garrison at the largest city in the Spanish colony, El Aaiún, and was forced to retreat. The next day, the Moroccan and Saharan force ambushed two companies of Spain's 13th Legionnaire battalion, which sustained heavy losses. The result was a massive intervention by the armies of France and Spain the next month to break up the rebellion.[52]
  • The government of Poland issued a deterrent, though not an outright ban, for citizens who wished to go out of the country. Effective January 18, each person seeking to travel to the West was required to pay Zł 5,000 zlotys (equivalent to USD $209 at the time) based on a Zł 2,000 exit fee, in addition to Zł 3,000 for a passport good for a single trip, and Zł 1,500 if the traveler was making a second trip abroad.[53]
  • The two-point conversion in football was approved for college football in the U.S. by an 11 to 0 vote by the NCAA Rules Committee, meeting at Fort Lauderdale, Florida.[54] One of the committee members, athletic director Fritz Crisler of the University of Michigan commented after the meeting in Fort Lauderdale, "It's a progressive step which will make football more interesting for the spectators," adding that the rule "will add drama to what has been the dullest, most stupid play in the game."[55]
  • Born: Christiane Amanpour, British-born Iranian journalist and television host for CNN and PBS; in Ealing, Middlesex

January 13, 1958 (Monday)
Dryden
Pauling
  • Hugh Dryden, director of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, published his proposal, "A National Research Program for Space Technology" acknowledging the fear in the U.S. from the Soviet launch into orbit of Sputnik 1, the first man-made satellite and commenting "It is of great urgency and importance to our country both from consideration of our prestige as a nation as well as military necessity that this challenge [Sputnik] be met by an energetic program of research and development for the conquest of space ... It is accordingly proposed that the scientific research be the responsibility of a national civilian agency ... NACA is capable, by rapid extension and expansion of its effort, of providing leadership in space technology."[56][57] The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) would be formed on July 29, 1958.
  • A petition to ask for a worldwide halt to all nuclear testing, signed by 9,235 scientists from 43 world nations, was presented by Dr. Linus Pauling to United Nations Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold.[58] Dr. Pauling, who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954, was one of 37 Nobel laureates to sign. The signers included 216 members of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, 101 from the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in the U.S. and 35 fellows of the Royal Society in the UK.
  • The U.S. announced its decision to establish the first Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS) radar station. The first station would become fully operative in 1961 at Thule Air Base in Greenland.
  • In South Africa, Attorney General W. J. McKenzie dropped charges against 61 of the 156 defendants indicted for treason in 1956 and released them, the most prominent being Albert Luthuli.
  • Colleen Lake, a freshwater lake located on the continent of Antarctica, was first discovered by U.S. geologist Troy L. Pewe.[59]
  • At the Metropolitan Opera in New York, conductor Pietro Cimara suffered a stroke and toppled from his podium shortly after starting the second scene of Giuseppe Verdi's La Forza del Destino. Violinist Walter Hagen came out of the orchestra and continued conducting the score, working from memory, without interruption. by [60] Hagen conducted for the remaining eight minutes of the scene and then was replaced by former conductor Kurt Adler.[61]
  • After a split in the Communist Party USA that caused many members to resign their membership, the CPUSA ended publication of its seven-day-a-week newspaper, the Daily Worker.[62] The American communist organization would publish a bi-weekly paper, before resuming daily publication in 1968 with the Soviet-funded periodical, The Daily World. The final headline was "We'll Be Back! Fighting for Peace, Democracy and Socialism."[63]
  • Died:

January 14, 1958 (Tuesday)

January 15, 1958 (Wednesday)

January 16, 1958 (Thursday)

January 17, 1958 (Friday)
  • Television was inaugurated in the South American nation of Peru as TV Perú began broadcasting from Lima on Channel 7 as a state-owned service of the Department of Education.[72] Commercial television would begin on December 15 with the launch of Canal 4 Radio América.
  • The first nuclear reactor in South America, Reactor Atómica 1 (RA-1) at San Martin, a suburb of Buenos Aires in Argentina, attained critical mass. The reactor was regulated by the Argentina's Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA).

January 18, 1958 (Saturday)
Willie O'Ree (left) in 1961

January 19, 1958 (Sunday)

January 20, 1958 (Monday)
  • Representatives of Japan and Indonesia signed a peace treaty, formally ending the 16-year state of war that had started when Japan attacked the Dutch East Indies during World War II.[85]
  • The Soviet Union agreed to release 21 German scientists and technicians (along with 12 dependents) who had been captured at the end of World War II and kept for 13 years to work at the Sukhumi laboratories on Russia's rocketry and nuclear programs. The release followed the 1955 demand by West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer that the Germans in Sukhumi be repatriated to West Germany.[86] The first 12 scientists (with 18 family members) returned on February 12 on a train from Sukhumi, with two disembarking at East Berlin and the other 10 arriving at Helmstedt, the closest border crossing in West Germany.[87]
  • Born:

January 21, 1958 (Tuesday)
  • Charles Starkweather and his 14-year-old girlfriend Caril Ann Fugate began an 8-day string of murders that would claim the lives of 10 people, starting Starkweather's killing of the Bartlett family, Fugate's mother, half-sister and stepfather in Lincoln, Nebraska. The bodies of Marion Bartlett, his wife Velda and their daughter Betty Jean were not discovered until six days later, hidden in a shed behind their home.[88][89] Starkweather had earlier killed a gas station attendant, Robert Colvert, on November 30. By the time of the pair's arrest in Wyoming on January 29, ten more people had been murdered. Starkweather would be executed on June 25, 1959, at the penitentiary in his hometown of Lincoln.[90]
  • A general strike of employees in Caracas was followed by rioting by thousands of Venezuelan citizens demanding the resignation or overthrow of President Marcos Pérez Jiménez. The Venezuelan National Guard attempted to suppress the rioting and at least 20 people were killed on the first day, and 1,000 arrested.[91]
  • Born:

January 22, 1958 (Wednesday)
  • Soviet Communist Party First Secretary Nikita Khrushchev, the de facto leader of the U.S.S.R., announced in a speech to agricultural specialists in Minsk that he wanted to phase out the machine tractor station (MTS) entities that owned and maintained all agricultural equipment on the Communist nation's collective farms, owned and operated by the government with the farmers as the employees. Under his proposal, which would be approved by the Poltiburo and implemented later in the year, the machinery would be distributed directly to the farms in charge of maintenance, and the MTS units would be operated solely for repairs and providing spare parts. His speech was published on January 25.[92] The Soviet Communist Party approved the plan on February 27.[93]
  • UFO conspiracy theorist and retired U.S. Marine Major Donald Keyhoe, co-founder of the National Investigations Committee On Aerial Phenomena (NICAP) appeared for a live interview on the CBS program Armstrong Circle Theatre to discuss government censorship of his findings, and was himself censured by the TV network. During the episode "U. F. O. — Enigma of the Skies", Keyhoe was starting to say "We are meeting in secret with a congressional committee. If these meetings were public it would be proved..." and his microphone was turned off by the show's producer, Robert Costello. The silencing came as Keyhoe departed from his script, which had been pre-screened by the U.S. Air Force.[94]
  • Died: U.S. Representative Lawrence H. Smith, 65, Congressman for Wisconsin's 1st District since 1941, collapsed and died as he was entering a restaurant inside the Capitol building with a guest. Smith was the fourth member of Congress in less than two weeks, following Representatives Russell W. Keeney of Illinois (January 11) August H. Andresen of Minnesota (January 14) and Senator Matthew M. Neely of West Virginia on (January 18).[95]

January 23, 1958 (Thursday)

January 24, 1958 (Friday)
  • Two former members of the cabinet of West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer accused him of ruining all chances at reunification with Germany in 1952. Gustav Heinemann (who would later be the West German president) and Thomas Dehler indirectly referred to the four "Stalin Notes" sent between March 10 and August 23, 1952 that had proposed a merger of West Germany and East Germany with continued occupation by the four Allied powers (the U.S., the UK, the U.S.S.R. and France) and were said to have called for free elections to determine Germany's future. Heinemann said "This policy of strength played into the hand of the Soviets," and asked rhetorically of Adenauer, "How long do you want to continue this game?" [99] Adenauer later admitted the existence of the Stalin notes, but denied that they made reference to free elections, and accused Heinemann and Dehler of distorting the contents for political reasons.[100]
  • Born: Jools Holland, British musician for the band Squeeze and television host; in Blackheath, London

January 25, 1958 (Saturday)
  • With the first U.S. satellite, Explorer 1, as its payload, the U.S. Navy's Vanguard rocket came within 14 seconds of being launched after four days of repeated cancellations. On December 6, the test Vanguard vehicle had risen no higher than four feet before exploding and falling back on the launch pad. Countdowns on the backup Vanguard rocket had started on January 22 had been stopped 9 minutes, 4½ minutes, and 22 seconds before liftoff before the final try was aborted shortly after 10:00 pm on Saturday night.[101] Instead, the task was transferred to the U.S. Army's rocket, the Jupiter-C, to carry Explorer 1.[102]
  • David Petrovsky, a Soviet writer who had been executed on September 10, 1937 after being convicted of counterrevolutionary activity, was posthumously rehabilitated by the Soviet Supreme Court.[103]
  • Died: Robert R. Young, 60, American financier and chairman of the board of the New York Central Railroad, committed suicide at his mansion in Palm Beach, Florida.[104]

January 26, 1958 (Sunday)

January 27, 1958 (Monday)
  • The "Lacy-Zarubin Agreement", a pact between the United States and the Soviet Union on on cultural, educational and scientific exchanges, was signed in Washington, D.C. by the U.S. State Department's Special Assistant on East-West Exchanges, William S.B. Lacy and Soviet Ambassador to the U.S. Georgy Zarubin. The parties were not able to agree on the U.S. request to stop the jamming of Western radio broadcasts or the Soviet request to allow direct air service to the U.S.[108][109]
  • Willard Fazar and other members of the U.S. Navy's Special Projects Office (SPO) began working on developing the program evaluation research task (PERT) technique, a statistical tool for effective project management, initially for development of the Navy's Polaris nuclear submarine. James J. O'Brien,[110] Fazar would write later in an article for The American Statistician "Through an electronic computer, the PERT technique processes data representing the major, finite accomplishments (events) essential to achieve end-objectives; the inter-dependence of those events; and estimates of time and range of time necessary to complete each activity between two successive events."
  • Janos Kadar, the First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party that ruled Hungary's Communist government and the person who had called in the Soviet Union to suppress the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, stepped down from his position of head of government, resigning the post of Chairman of the Council of Ministers. Kadar continued to be the de facto ruler of Hungary as the party secretary. Kadar was replaced by his closest ally, Interior Minister Ferenc Münnich.[111]
  • A gun battle between in Nicosia between the British Army and Turkish Cypriots of the group EOKA, erupted after demonstrations by the EOKA nationalists against the British colonial government. Seven of the Turkish Cypriots were killed.

January 28, 1958 (Tuesday)
patent application for the "Toy Building Brick"
  • Godtfred Kirk Christiansen filed the first patent for the invention developed by himself and his father, Ole Kirk Christiansen, the popular Lego interlocking block.[112] Christiansen received Denmark Patent DK3005282X and, on July 28, would file for an application for "Toy Building Brick" (described as "toy building bricks or blocks adapted to be connected together by means of projections extending from the faces of the elements and arranged so as to engage protruding portions of an adjacent element when two such elements are assembled") in the U.S. patent which would be granted on October 24, 1961 as U.S. Patent No. 3,005,282.[113]
Roy Campanella (right) and Willie Mays in 1961
  • American major league baseball star Roy Campanella was paralyzed from an automobile accident, after his car hit a patch of ice, crashed into a telephone pole and overturned near his home.[114] Campanella, an African-American player in the Negro National League from 1937 to 1945, before being signed by the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1948, partially recovered the use of his arms and hands through therapy, and would be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1969, but would remain unable to walk, passing away in 1993.

January 29, 1958 (Wednesday)

January 30, 1958 (Thursday)

January 31, 1958 (Friday)
William Pickering, James Van Allen, and Wernher von Braun holding a full-scale replica of Explorer 1
  • The United States launched a satellite into orbit for the first time, as Explorer 1 was sent up from Florida's Cape Canaveral on a Jupiter-C rocket at 10:47 pm local time, almost four months after the launch of Sputnik 1 by the Soviet Union.[119] The American satellite was a cylinder with a length of 6 feet and 8 inches (203 cm) and only 6-inches (15.2 cm) in diameter, and it weighed less than 31 pounds. For "an agonizing fifteen and three-quarter seconds" after the firing command was given, the giant rocket appeared not to be doing anything but then lifted off.[120] Confirmation that Explorer 1 had reached orbit was made at 1:30 the next morning.
  • Airplanes landed on the ground of Antarctica for the first time after the southernmost airfield was created by bulldozing at Marble Point at a U.S. research base on Victoria Land, adjacent to the waters of McMurdo Sound. Seaplanes had landed in Antarctic waters, and runways had been created on snow or ice, both of which cracked or disappeared soon after their creation. Sir Edmund Hillary and U.S. Navy Rear Admiral George J. Dufek arrived in one of the two VX-6 Otter airplanes.[121]
  • Syria's President Shukri al-Quwatli arrived in Egypt to meet join in a merger agreement of Syria and Egypt into the United Arab Republic. He was welcomed at Cairo by Egypt's President Gamel Abdel Nasser.[122]
  • In the U.S., the International Brotherhood of Teamsters signed a consent decree with the federal government agreeing to oversight and investigation of the union by an independent, neutral panel.

References
  1. John Pinder; Simon Usherwood (25 July 2013). The European Union: A Very Short Introduction. OUP Oxford. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-19-150394-8.
  2. "Field Goal Beats Webfoots, 10 to 7", The New York Times, January 2, 1958, p. 37
  3. "Army Man Named New Thai Premier", The New York Times, January 3, 1958, p. 2
  4. "Asia-Africa Body Shuns Cairo Line; Goal of 'Positive Neutrality' Ignored as Parley Ends — 'Little Cominform' Voted", The New York Times, January 2, 1958, p. 2
  5. "William T. Bovie, Biophysicist, Dies", The New York Times, January 2, 1958, p. 27
  6. "U.S. Psychiatrist in Nazi Trial Dies", The New York Times, January 2, 1958, p. 18
  7. "Weston Is Dead; Photographer, 71", The New York Times, January 2, 1958, p. 29
  8. "Autos and Vodka Dearer in Soviet; Carpet Prices Also Go Up -Bread to Be Cheaper -Revenue Need Seen", by William J. Jorden, The New York Times, January 3, 1958, p. 1
  9. "Connecticut's 129-Mile $464,000,000 Turnpike Is Opened to Traffic", The New York Times, January 3, 1958, p. 1
  10. The Inflation Calculator
  11. "Callas Quits— Rome Opera Boos", by Paul Hoffman, The New York Times, January 3, 1958, p. 1
  12. "Hillary Reaches South Pole By 70-Mile Forced March", The New York Times, January 4, 1958, p. 1
  13. "Arrival at the Pole by tractor". New Zealand History. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
  14. "British West Indies Begin a Federation", The New York Times, January 4, 1958, p. 1
  15. Great Britain. Board of Inland Revenue (1966). Income Taxes Outside the United Kingdom. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 247.
  16. "100,000 Rightists Found, China Says", The New York Times, February 7, 1958, p. 4
  17. "3 Non-Reds Lose Mao Cabinet Jobs", The New York Times, February 1, 1958, p. 6
  18. "Peiping Congress Bans 57 Deputies; Credential Chief Announces 'Parliament' Will Dismiss All 'Rightist' Members", The New York Times, February 2, 1958, p. 33
  19. United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics (1961). Communications Satellites: Hearings Before the Committee on Science and Astronautics, U.S. House of Representatives... U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 448.
  20. "First Satellite May Have Fallen", The New York Times, January 3, 1958, p. 5
  21. "Red-Manned Rocket Is Launched!", AP report in Alamogordo (NM) Daily News, January 6, 1958, p. 1
  22. "Rocket With a Man Aboard Is Reported Launched By Soviet", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, January 6, 1958, p. 12
  23. "Rumor of Man in Soviet Rocket Tied to a Dramatic Broadcast; Space Trip Reports Followed Science Fiction Program in Moscow -Imaginary Launching Depicted", The New York Times, January 8, 1958, p. 12
  24. "AP Acknowledges Erring In Manned Rocket Story", AP report in Newport News (VA) Daily Press, January 9, 1958, p. 1
  25. "Bellevue Baptist Church Televises Sunday Services", RCA Broadcast News (August 1958)
  26. "Supreme Soviet to Be Larger", The New York Times, January 6, 1958, p. 5
  27. "Five U. S. Citizens Enter Red China — Three Mothers Reach Canton on Their Way to Visit Imprisoned Sons", by Tillman Durdin, The New York Times, January 7, 1958, p. 10
  28. "U.S. Mothers Visit Sons in Red China", The New York Times, January 10, 1958, p.3
  29. "8 Hurt, 4 Missing As Navy Plane Crashes Into Homes Near Norfolk", Newport News (VA) Daily Press, January 7, 1958, p. 1
  30. "All Quiet on 'Dotto' Dump; Quiz Emcee Narz Stunned", by Matt Messina, Daily News (New York), August 19, 1958, p. 38
  31. "'Dotto' Bounced By TV Networks, But Cause Remains Big Mystery", Tampa Tribune, August 19, 1958, p.8
  32. "6 European Lands Name Pool Chiefs; Economic and Atomic Energy Community Posts Filled — Capital Still Issue", by Harold Callender, The New York Times, January 8, 1958, p.1
  33. "President of Rumania Dies After Illness", The Age (Melbourne), January 8, 1958, p. 1
  34. "Sheikh Abdullah, 'Kashmir Lion,' Is Freed After 4½ Years in Jail", by A. M. Rosenthal, The New York Times, January 9, 1958, p.1
  35. Mary Colter and Her Buildings at Grand Canyon, National Park Service
  36. "Insurgents Blow Up Sahara Oil Rail Line", by W. H. Lawrence, The New York Times, January 10, 1958, p.1
  37. "President Asks More Missiles, Further Aid, Pentagon Unity; End of Arms Rivalry Urged in 8-Point Listing of Aims", by James Reston, The New York Times, January 10, 1958, p.1
  38. "НГУ как первый отечественный исследовательский университет: шесть десятилетий опыта и развития" ("NSU as the first domestic research university: six decades of experience and development"), Biblioteka Sibirskogo Kraevedeniya/Library of Siberian Local History
  39. "Sandberger, Martin (1911-2010)", in Perpetrating the Holocaust: Leaders, Enablers, and Collaborators, by Paul R. Bartrop and Eve E. Grimm (ABC-CLIO, 2019) pp. 245-247
  40. "Trigger Burke Dies for Walsh Murder", The New York Times, January 10, 1958, p.14
  41. "Current Tasks of Reforming the Written Language", by Zhou Enlai, reprinted in Reform of the Chinese Written Language (Foreign Languages Press, 1958)
  42. "The Romanization Debate", by Hilary Chappell (1980), Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs (July 1980) p.115
  43. "French Say Tunis Aided Rebel Raid", The New York Times, January 12, 1958, p. 1
  44. Said K. Aburish, Nasser: The Last Arab (St. Martin's Press, 2004) p. 151
  45. "Albania Releases Downed U.S. Pilot; He Ascribes Landing to Lack of Fuel, Not Jet Attack -Disabled Plane Held", The New York Times, January 12, 1958, p.3
  46. "Albania Reports Downing U.S. Jet", The New York Times, January 8, 1958, p.1
  47. "Rumania Picks Maurer As the Chief of State", The New York Times, January 12, 1958, p.6
  48. "Frank Willard, Cartoonist, Dead— Creator of 'Moon Muliins' 'Comic Strip, Syndicated in 250 Newspapers, Was 64", The New York Times, January 13, 1958, p. 29
  49. "El Incidente Snipe: Relatado por su protagonista", by Hugo Alsina Calderon, Pagina Marina (January 1998)
  50. "A 50 años del incidente del islote Snipe" ("50 years after the Snipe Islet incident"), by Alfredo Larreta, El Mercurio de Valparaíso (Valparaiso, Chile), August 17, 1958
  51. "Argentina, Chile Near Fighting Over Island", Tampa Tribune, August 14, 1958, p. 1
  52. East Asian History. Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian National University. 2000. p. 155.
  53. "Polish Travel Fees Curb Visits to West", The New York Times, January 13, 1958, p.1
  54. "College Football to Give 2 Points For Conversion on Pass or Run", The New York Times, January 13, 1958, p.1
  55. "Pass or Run Conversion Worth Two Points Now," San Antonio Express, January 13, 1958, p9-A
  56. Lt. Col. Mark Erickson, USAF Into the Unknown Together: The DOD, NASA and Early Spaceflight (Air University Press, 2005) pp. 51-52
  57. "Air Group Seeks Space Age Rule; National Committee Urges a 'Cooperative Effort' -Agency Battle Likely", The New York Times, January 28, 1958, p. 14
  58. "9,000 Scientists of 43 Lands Ask Nuclear Bomb Tests Be Stopped— Petition for International Accord Given U. N. Chief by Linus Pauling", The New York Times, January 14, 1958, p. 1
  59. "Colleen Lake", in Geographic Names of the Antarctic (National Science Foundation, 1995) p. 145
  60. "Conductor Collapses at 'Met'; Violinist Takes Over on Podium", Victor H. Lawn, The New York Times, January 14, 1958, p. 1
  61. "8-Minute Maestro Back in 'Met' Pit— Violinist Who Took Over for Stricken Conductor Went Through Brief Eternity", The New York Times, January 16, 1958, p. 23
  62. "End Marked Here by Daily Worker; But Communist Paper Vows 'We'll Be Back' — Weekly Edition to Continue", The New York Times, January 13, 1958, p. 19
  63. "Daily Worker", in Bibliomania website
  64. "Jesse L. Lasky, 77, Moviemaker, Dies", The New York Times, January 14, 1958, p. 33
  65. "Edna Purviance, Actress, 61, Dies— Chaplin's Leading Lady in Early Comedies Starred in 'A Woman of Paris'", The New York Times, January 16, 1958, p. 29
  66. "Welsh I.T.A.; New Station on the Air To-morrow", Liverpool Echo, January 13, 1958, p. 2
  67. "In a control room tomorrow evening... Independent Television will have come at last to South Wales and the West country", "'TWW' means a million new viewers", Daily Herald (London), January 13, 1958, p. 2
  68. "Madrid Changes West Africa Rule— Reorganizes Ifni and Sahara as Two Provinces of Spain Under Military Control— Reorganizes Ifni and Sahara as Two Provinces of Spain Under Military Control", The New York Times, January 15, 1958, p. 2
  69. Joel Whitburn, Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942–2004 (Record Research, 2004) p. 109
  70. B. Turner (12 January 2017). The Statesman's Yearbook 2008: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World. Springer. p. 1087. ISBN 978-1-349-74024-6.
  71. "Pearson to Lead Canada Liberals; Wins 1,074 Votes to Martin's 305 — New Chief Assails Conservative Regime", The New York Times, January 17, 1958, p. 1
  72. Alan Albarran, The Handbook of Spanish Language Media (Taylor & Francis, 2009) p. 132
  73. "First Negro Player In Hockey Loop", AP report in Tampa (FL) Times, January 18, 1958, p. 18
  74. "Negro Star in Lineup— Bruins Trounce Canadiens, 3-0", Boston Globe, January 19, 1958, p. 57
  75. "Raid by 500 Indians Balks North Carolina Klan Rally", The New York Times, January 19, 1958, p. 1
  76. "The Night The Klan Met Its Match", by Chick Jacobs and Venita Jenkins, Fayetteville (NC) Observer, January 18, 2008
  77. Barry Seldes (26 May 2009). Leonard Bernstein: The Political Life of an American Musician. University of California Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-520-94307-0.
  78. "Quake in Ecuador Kills 4 at a Port; 45 Injured, Others Missing at Esmeraldas — Tidal Wave Batters Harbors", The New York Times, January 20, 1958, p. 7
  79. "Guatemala Calm in Vote for Chief; Ballot for President Heavy — Congress May Have to Decide 4-Man Race", by Paul F. Kennedy, The New York Times, January 20, 1958, p. 1
  80. "Ydigoras Named Guatemala Chief", The New York Times, February 13, 1958, p. 14
  81. "Fuchs Arrives at South Pole; Hillary and Dufek Greet Him", The New York Times, January 20, 1958, p. 1
  82. "New Canadian Football League To Remain Within CRU; Rule Changes Big Problem, Import Questions Settled", Montreal Gazette, January 20, 1958, p. 23
  83. "History of the Canadian Football League", Canadian Football League Record Book 2011, p.1
  84. "Marshal Rondon, Explorer, Was 92; Brazilian Charted 15 Major 'Rivers JoinedT. Roosevelt on Expedition in 1914", The New York Times, January 20, 1958, p. 23
  85. "Indonesia, Japan in Peace Accords; Signing Today Ends 16-Year State of War — Assistance Is Promised by Tokyo", The New York Times, January 20, 1958, p. 3
  86. "Moscow Releases 21 German Experts Working in Soviet", by Max Frankel, The New York Times, January 21, 1958, p. 1
  87. "German Experts Back from Soviet; 10 Scientists Had Been Held Since War — Earth Satellite Linked to Nazi V-Rockets", The New York Times, February 13, 1958, p. 12
  88. "BELMONT FAMILY SLAIN: Tot And Parents Found Dead In Apparent Murder— Daughter, Boyfriend Sought For Questioning", by Del Harding, Lincoln (NE) Star, January 28, 1958, p. 1
  89. "Events Leading to Grim Discovery Recounted by Bartlett Relatives", Lincoln Evening Journal, January 28, 1958, p. 1
  90. "Charles Starkweather & Caril Fugate", bY Marilyn Bardsley, TruTV.com (archived by Wayback Machine)
  91. "20 Reported Dead in Riots Against Regime in Caracas", The New York Times, January 22, 1958, p. 1
  92. "Soviet May Close Tractor Stations— Khrushchev Urges Machines Go to Collective Farms, a Move Stalin Vetoed", The New York Times, January 26, 1958, p. 1
  93. "Tractor Reform Gaining in Soviet— Party Approves Khrushchev Plan to Sell Machinery to Collective Farms", by Max Frankel, The New York Times, February 28, 1958, p.3
  94. "C. B. S. Tells Why Saucer Advocate 'Lost' His Voice", AP report in Kansas City Star, January 23, 1958, p.4
  95. "Rep. L. H. Smith Dies in Capitol— Wisconsin Republican Victim of Heart Attack as He Enters Restaurant", The New York Times, January 23, 1958, p. 27
  96. "Caracas Revolt Ousts Dictator; Dead Exceed 100— Perez Jimenez Overthrown in 2-Day Battle — Flees Venezuela by Plane", The New York Times, January 24, 1958, p. 1
  97. "Venezuela Ruled By 7-Man Junta; Holdouts Yield", The New York Times, January 24, 1958, p. 1
  98. "Hoffa Takes Over; Court Order Puts Monitors in Union", The New York Times, January 24, 1958, p. 1
  99. "Adenauer Scored on German Unity— Two Ex-Cabinet Ministers Say Chancellor Does Not Try to End Partition", The New York Times, January 25, 1958, p. 2
  100. "Adenauer Denies Soviet Offers Of Free Voting in 1952 Notes; Declares Political Opponents Gave Distorted Reports in Bundestag Debate", by M.S. Handler, The New York Times, January 30, 1958, p. 4
  101. "Vanguard Firing Put Off, Ending 4-Day Navy Effort", by Milton Bracker, The New York Times, January 27, 1958, p. 1
  102. "Army Takes Over Satellite Firing With Jupiter-C; Gets Priority After Defect in Navy's Vanguard Is Found to Be Serious", by Milton Bracker, The New York Times, January 28, 1958, p. 1
  103. The Central Archive, Federal Security Service, Russia
  104. "Robert Young, Financier, Ends Life in Palm Beach— Chairman of New York Central Kills Himself With a Shotgun", The New York Times, January 26, 1958, p. 1
  105. "222 Missing in Ships Off Japan in Storm", The New York Times, January 27, 1958, p. 1
  106. "Japanese Toll Rises— Dead and Missing in Storm Now Put at 271", The New York Times, January 28, 1958, p. 55
  107. "Try not to get jealous reading about Ellen DeGeneres' star-studded 60th birthday party". USA Today. February 13, 2018. Retrieved May 13, 2021. DeGeneres, who marked the milestone birthday on Jan. 26
  108. "U.S., Soviet Widen Exchange in Arts and Other Fields", by James Reston , The New York Times, January 28, 1958, p. 1
  109. Kozovoi, Andrei (2016-01-02). "A foot in the door: the Lacy-Zarubin agreement and Soviet-American film diplomacy during the Khrushchev era, 1953963". Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television. 36 (1): 219. doi:10.1080/01439685.2015.1134107. ISSN 0143-9685. S2CID 155781953.
  110. CPM in Construction Management (McGraw-Hill, 1993) p. 11
  111. "Kadar Steps Down as Premier, Retains Hungarian Party Post", by John MacCormac, The New York Times, January 28, 1958, p. 1
  112. "60 Years of Lego Building Blocks and Danish Patent Law", by Jenny Gesley, Library of Congress Law Library, January 29, 2018
  113. U.S. Patent No. 3,005,282, Google Patents
  114. "Campanella Paralyzed in Crash; Broken Neck Is Expected to Heal— Dodger Catcher Pinned Half Hour in Overturned Car — In Surgery 4 Hours", by Roy R. Silver, The New York Times, January 29, 1958, p. 1
  115. "Teen Slayers Seen, Caught Near Douglas", Casper (Wyo.) Tribune-Herald, January 29, 1958, p. 1
  116. "Teen-Ager Seized In the Slaying of 10", The New York Times, January 30, 1958, p. 1
  117. "The Theatre: 'Sunrise at Campbello'; Bellamy as Roosevelt Scores at the Cort", The New York Times, January 31, 1958, p. 25
  118. "Ernst Heinkel, 70, Air Pioneer Dies; Builder of German Planes in World War II Made First Rocket-Powered Aircraft", The New York Times, January 31, 1958, p. 21
  119. "Army Launches U.S. Satellite into Orbit; President Promises World Will Get Data; 30-Pound Device Is Hurled up 2,000 Miles", The New York Times, February 1, 1958, p. 1
  120. "Jupiter-C Is Used— Roars Up in Florida Tense 15¾ Seconds After It Is Fired" by Milton Bracker, The New York Times, February 1, 1958, p. 1
  121. "Planes Land on Solid Ground At Antarctica for First Time", The New York Times, February 1, 1958, p. 9
  122. "Syrian President in Cairo To Join Nation with Egypt", by Foster Hailey, The New York Times, February 1, 1958, p. 1
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