Malolos Congress
The Malolos Congress (also known as the Revolutionary Congress),[2] formally known as the National Assembly, was the legislative body of the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines. Members were chosen in Malolos Congress elections held from June 23 to September 10, 1898. The assembly consisted of elected delegates chosen by balloting in provincial assemblies and appointed delegates chosen by the president to represent regions under unstable military and civilian conditions. The Revolutionary Congress was opened on September 15, 1898 at Barasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan. President Emilio Aguinaldo presided the opening session of the assembly.
Malolos Congress | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | |
| Type | |
| History | |
| Founded | September 15, 1898 |
| Disbanded | November 13, 1899 |
| Preceded by | Cortes of Cádiz Ayuntamiento |
| Succeeded by | Taft Commission |
| Seats | 136[lower-alpha 1] |
| Meeting place | |
| Barasoain Church | |
After the promulgation of the Malolos Constitution on January 22, 1899, replaced the revolutionary government with the Philippine Republic[lower-alpha 2], the Malolos Congress body became the legislative branch of that government, designated in the constitution as Assembly of Representatives.[3]
Sessions
- Regular session: September 15, 1898 – November 13, 1899
- Special session: February 4, 1899
Leadership
- President of the Revolutionary Congress
- Vice President/Deputy
- Secretary
Members
_and_ten_of_the_delegates_to_the_first_Assembly_of_Representatives_that_passed_the_Con_-_NARA_-_530993.tif.jpg.webp)
| Province | Elected | Appointed |
|---|---|---|
| Manila | Teodoro Gonzalez Leano | |
| Fellix Ferrer | ||
| Arsenio Cruz Herrera | ||
| Mariano Limjap | ||
| Batangas | Mariano Lopez | |
| Gregorio Aguilera | ||
| Eduardo Guiterez | ||
| Ambrosio Flores | ||
| Bulacan | Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista | |
| Mariano Crisostomo | ||
| Pedro Serrano | ||
| Trinidad Iscasiano | ||
| Cavite | Jose Basa | |
| Hugo Ilagan | ||
| Jose Salamanca | ||
| Severino de las Alas | ||
| Camarines | Justo Lukban | |
| Tomás Arejola | ||
| Valeriano Velarde | ||
| Mariano | ||
| Ilocos Sur | Mariano Fos | Mario Crisologo |
| Ignacio Villamor | ||
| Fransisco Tongson | ||
| Ilocos Norte | Gregorio Aglipay | |
| Martín García | ||
| Pio Romero | ||
| José Luna | ||
| Primitivo Donato | ||
| Pedro Paterno | ||
| Laguna | Higinio Benitez | |
| Graciano Cordero | ||
| Manuel Sityar | ||
| Mauricio Ilagan | ||
| Pampanga | Joaquin Gonzales | |
| Jose Infante | ||
| Ramon Henson | ||
| Enrique Macapinlac | ||
| Pangasinan | Vicente del Prado | Sebastian de Castro |
| Antonio Feliciano | Adriano Garces | |
| Iloilo | Esteban de la Rama | |
| Melecio Figueroa | ||
| Venancio Concepcion | ||
| Tiburcio Hilario | ||
| Cebu | Ariston Bautista | |
| Trinidad Pardo de Tavera | ||
| Felix David | ||
| Francisco Macabulos | ||
| Leyte | Simplicio del Rosario | |
| Rafael Guerrero | ||
| Marciano Zamora-Concepcion | ||
| Lucio Navarro | ||
| Albay | Salvador del Rosario | Aguedo Velarde |
| Marcial Calleja | ||
| Pantaleon Garcia | ||
| Honorato Agrava | ||
| Cagayan | Vicente Guzman Pagulayan | Pablo Tecson |
| Anastacio Francisco | ||
| Bataan | Jose Tuazon | |
| Pedro Teopaco | ||
| Hermogenes Marco | ||
| Isabela | Eustacio del Rosario | Raymundo Alindada |
| Abelardo Guzman | ||
| La Union | Joaquin Luna | Mateo del Rosario |
| Miguel Paterno | ||
| Nueva Ecija | Jose Santiago | |
| Epifanio de los Santos | ||
| Gregorio Macapinlac | ||
| Tarlac | Juan Nepomuceno | |
| Victoriano Tanedo | ||
| Julian Carpio | ||
| Tayabas | Sofio Alandy | Basilo Teodoro |
| Jose Espinosa | ||
| Zambales | Juan Manday Gabriel | Felix Bautista |
| Alejandro Albert | ||
| Sorsogon | Manuel Xerex Burgos | |
| Pedro Lipana | ||
| Maximo Hizon | ||
| Negros Occidental | Jose de la Vina | |
| Antonio Montenegro | ||
| Juan Benson | ||
| Negros Oriental | Pío del Pilar | |
| Luciano San Miguel | ||
| Mariano Oirola | ||
| Samar | Javier Gonzalez Salvador | |
| Servillano Aquino | ||
| Juan Tongco | ||
| Capiz | Miguel Zaragoza | |
| Mariano Bacani | ||
| Juan Baltazar | ||
| Antique | Ariston Gella | |
| Vicente Lopez | ||
| Eusebio Natividad | ||
| Bohol | Pedro Liongson | |
| Tranquilino Arroyo | ||
| Labio | ||
| Zamboanga | Felipe Buencamino | |
| Tomás Mascardo | ||
| Lazaro Tanedo | ||
| Misamis | Teodoro Sandiko | |
| Apolonio Mercado | ||
| Gracio Gonzaga | ||
| Calamianes[lower-alpha 3] | Narciso Hidalgo Resureccion | |
| Norberto Cruz Herrera | ||
| S. Isidro | ||
| Masbate | Alberto Barretto | |
| Maximo Cabigting | ||
| Mindoro | Antonio Constantino | Perfecto Gabriel |
| Arturo Dancel | ||
| Morong | Jose Oliveros | |
| Marcelo Mesina | ||
| Lepanto | Reymundo Jeciel | |
| Antonio Rebello | ||
| Leon Apacible | ||
| Batanes Islands | Daniel Tirona | Vito Belarmino |
| Nueva Vizcaya | Evaristo Panganiban | Hipolito Magsalin |
| Abra | Isidro Paredes | |
| Juan Villamor | ||
| Padre Burgos (Benguet) | Joaquin Baltazar | Sixto Zandueta |
| Ceferino de Leon | ||
| Catanduanes | Marcelino Santos | |
| José Alejandrino | ||
| Paragua[lower-alpha 3] | Felipe Calderon | |
| Domingo Colmenar | ||
| Palaos[lower-alpha 4] | Isidro Tiongco | |
| Totals | 68 | 68 |
| 136[lower-alpha 5] | ||
In 2006, it was asserted by the president of the Bulacan Historical Society, engineer Marcial Aniag, that among the 85 delegates who convened in Malolos there were 43 lawyers, 17 doctors, five pharmacists, three educators, seven businessmen, four painters, three military men, a priest, and four farmers.[6] Five of the 85 delegates did not have a college degree.[6]
Ratification of the declaration of independence
One of the first acts of the Revolutionary Congress was the ratification on September 29, 1898 of the Philippine Declaration of Independence against Spain which had been proclaimed on June 12, 1898.[7]
Malolos Constitution
Mabini had planned for the Revolutionary Congress to act only as an advisory body to the president and submitted a draft of Constitutional Program of the Philippine Republic[7] while Paterno submitted a constitutional draft based on the Spanish Constitution of 1869. The Congress, however, began work to draft a constitution. The resulting document, the Malolos Constitution, was promulgated on January 21, 1899.[7] Its proclamation resulted in the creation of the Philippine Republic, which replaced the Revolutionary Government.
Notes
- In the book Malolos: The Crisis of the Republic by Teodoro Agoncillo, the Malolos Congress had 193 delegates (42 elected and 151 appointed).[1]
- Now commonly referred to as the First Philippine Republic; see the Philippine Republic article for further info.
- Parts of the present-day province of Palawan. Paragua corresponds to mainland Palawan.
- Modern-day Republic of Palau.
- Filipino historian Teodoro Agoncillo, in his book Malolos, numbered the delegates as of July 7, 1899 at 193 (42 elected and 151 appointed).[1]
References
- Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1897). Malolos: The Crisis of the Republic. University of the Philippines Press. pp. 224 and Appendix F (pp, 658–663). ISBN 978-971-542-096-9.
- Guevara, Sulpico, ed. (2005). "Decree of June 23, 1898 establishing the Revolutionary Government". The Laws of the First Philippine Republic (the laws of Malolos) 1898–1899. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Library (published 1972). pp. 37-38. Retrieved February 9, 2021.. (English translation by Sulpicio Guevara)
- The 1899 Malolos Constitution in Spanish with a side-by-side English translation (Article 33)
- Kalaw 1927, p. 121 (citing Volume II, Galley 2 of Major J. R. M. Taylor's translation and compilation of captured insurgent records (Taylor 1907))
-
- War Department, Bureau of Insular Affairs (1907). "I. Telegraphic Correspondence of Emilio Aguinaldo, July 15, 1898 to February 28, 1899, Annotated" (PDF). In Taylor, John R.M. (ed.). Compilation of Philippine Insurgent Records. Combined Arms Research Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 3, 2008. Retrieved March 10, 2008.
- Balabo, Dino (December 10, 2006). "Historians: Malolos Congress produced best RP Constitution". Philippine Star. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
- Kalaw 1927, p. 125
External links
- Kalaw, Maximo Manguiat (1927). The Development of Philippine Politics. Oriental commercial.