Cosmophasis

Cosmophasis is a genus of spiders in the family Salticidae (jumping spiders). Some species occur in Africa, while most are found in Southeast Asia, down to Australia. Although most species more or less mimic ants, there are also colorful species[1] that follow a different strategy.

Cosmophasis
Cosmophasis baehrae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Salticidae
Subfamily: Salticinae
Tribe: Chrysillini
Genus: Cosmophasis
Simon, 1901
Type species
Plexippus thalassinus
Species

See text.

C. bitaeniata uses chemical mimicry to be accepted by the aggressive weaver ant species Oecophylla smaragdina.[2]

One species, said to be not a particularly good ant mimic, was observed living near and preying on ants. According to (Murphy & Murphy, 2000), "to watch the spider stalking and killing its prey is an arachnological spectacular".[3]

Description

Species in this genus are from 3.80 to 8.00 mm long. The cephalothoraxes are pear-shaped(for some males) or rectangular. [4]

Taxonomy
Cosmophasis sp. from the Philippines.

As of November 2021, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species:[5]

  • Cosmophasis albipes Berland & Millot, 1941 – Guinea
  • Cosmophasis albomaculata Schenkel, 1944 – Timor
  • Cosmophasis ambonensis Hurni-Cranston & Hill, 2020 - Ambon Island
  • Cosmophasis arborea Berry, Beatty & Prószyński, 1997 – Caroline Islands
  • Cosmophasis baehrae Zabka & Waldock, 2012 - Australia
  • Cosmophasis bandaneira Hurni-Cranston & Hill, 2020 - Banda Islands
  • Cosmophasis banika Żabka & Waldock, 2012 - Solomon Islands
  • Cosmophasis bitaeniata (Keyserling, 1882) – New Guinea, Australia, Micronesia
  • Cosmophasis chlorophthalma (Simon, 1898) – New Hebrides
  • Cosmophasis chopardi Berland & Millot, 1941 – Ivory Coast
  • Cosmophasis colemani Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Australia (Queensland)
  • Cosmophasis courti Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
  • Cosmophasis cypria (Thorell, 1890) – Java
  • Cosmophasis darwini Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Australia (Northern Territory)
  • Cosmophasis depilata Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia
  • Cosmophasis estrellaensis Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
  • Cosmophasis fazanica Caporiacco, 1936 – Libya
  • Cosmophasis gemmans (Thorell, 1890) – Sumatra
  • Cosmophasis harveyi Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
  • Cosmophasis hortoni Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Solomon Is.
  • Cosmophasis humphreysi Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
  • Cosmophasis kairiru Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
  • Cosmophasis kohi Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
  • Cosmophasis lami Berry, Beatty & Prószyński, 1997 – Fiji
  • Cosmophasis laticlavia (Thorell, 1892) – Sumatra
  • Cosmophasis longiventris Simon, 1903 – Vietnam
  • Cosmophasis lucidiventris Simon, 1910 – Gabon
  • Cosmophasis lungga Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Solomon Islands
  • Cosmophasis maculiventris Strand, 1911 – Aru Islands
  • Cosmophasis masarangi Merian, 1911 – Sulawesi
  • Cosmophasis micans (L. Koch, 1880) – Queensland
  • Cosmophasis micarioides (L. Koch, 1880) – New Guinea, Queensland, Solomon Islands
  • Cosmophasis miniaceomicans (Simon, 1888) – Andaman Islands
  • Cosmophasis modesta (L. Koch, 1880) – Queensland
  • Cosmophasis monacha (Thorell, 1881) – New Guinea
  • Cosmophasis motmot Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
  • Cosmophasis nigrocyanea (Simon, 1885) – Egypt, Ethiopia-->
  • Cosmophasis obscura (Keyserling, 1882) – Queensland
  • Cosmophasis olorina (Simon, 1901) – Sri Lanka
  • Cosmophasis ombria (Thorell, 1877) – Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Krakatau)
  • Cosmophasis orsimoides Strand, 1911 – Kei Islands
  • Cosmophasis panjangensis Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Indonesia (Krakatau)
  • Cosmophasis parangpilota Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
  • Cosmophasis psittacina (Thorell, 1887) – Myanmar
  • Cosmophasis pulchella Caporiacco, 1947 – Ethiopia
  • Cosmophasis quadricincta (Simon, 1885) – Singapore
  • Cosmophasis rakata Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Indonesia (Krakatau)
  • Cosmophasis risbeci Berland, 1938 – New Hebrides
  • Cosmophasis sertungensis Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Indonesia (Krakatau)
  • Cosmophasis squamata Kulczyński, 1910 – Solomon Islands, Seychelles
  • Cosmophasis strandi Caporiacco, 1947 – East Africa
  • Cosmophasis tavurvur Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
  • Cosmophasis thalassina (C. L. Koch, 1846) – Malaysia to Australia
  • Cosmophasis tricincta Simon, 1910 – Bioko
  • Cosmophasis trioipina Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
  • Cosmophasis tristriatus (L. Koch, 1880) – Palau Is.
  • Cosmophasis trobriand Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea
  • Cosmophasis umbratica Simon, 1903 – India to Sumatra
  • Cosmophasis valerieae Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2010 – Indonesia (Java, Lesser Sunda Is.)
  • Cosmophasis viridifasciata (Doleschall, 1859) – Sumatra to New Guinea
  • Cosmophasis waeri Hurni-Cranston & Hill, 2020 - Banda Islands
  • Cosmophasis weyersi (Simon, 1899) – Sumatra

In 2012, Marek Żabka and Julianne Waldock proposed 5 new species groups, it being the C.thalassina species group, C. bitaeniata species group, C. micarioides species group, C. tristriatus species group, and the C. rakata species group.[4] Formerly placed in this genus include:[5]

  • Cosmophasis australis Simon, 1902 → Phintella australis
  • Cosmophasis caerulea Simon, 1901 → Mexcala caerulea
  • Cosmophasis fagei Lessert, 1925 → Icius fagei
  • Cosmophasis quadrimaculata Lawrence, 1942 → Mexcala quadrimaculata
  • Cosmophasis longiventris Simon, 1903 → Chrysilla lauta

References
  1. Jerzy Proszynski: Cosmophasis
  2. Nelson, Ximena .J; Jackson, Robert R.; Edwards, G.B.; Barrion, Alberto T. (2006). "Living with the enemy: jumping spiders that mimic weaver ants" (PDF). The Journal of Arachnology. 33: 813–819.
  3. Murphy, John; Murphy, Frances (1 January 2000). An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Nature Society. ISBN 978-9839681178.
  4. Żabka, Marek; Waldock, Julianne (2012). "Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from oriental, Australian and Pacific Regions. Genus Cosmophasis Simon, 1901" (PDF). Annales Zoologici. 62 (1): 115–198. doi:10.3161/000345412X633694. eISSN 1734-1833. ISSN 0003-4541. S2CID 84374906.
  5. "Gen. Cosmophasis Simon, 1901". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2021-11-20.

Further reading
  • Allan, R.A. & Elgar, M.A. (2001): Exploitation of the green tree ant, Oecophylla smaragdina, by the salticid spider Cosmophasis bitaeniata. Australian Journal of Zoology 49: 129–137.
  • Allan, R.A., Capon, R.J., Brown, W.V. & Elgar, M.A. (2002): Mimicry of host cuticular hydrocarbons by salticid spider Cosmophasis bitaeniata that preys on larvae of tree ants Oecophylla smaragdina. Journal of Chemical Ecology 28: 835–848. doi:10.1023/A:1015249012493
  • Elgar, M.A. & Allan, R.A. (2006): Chemical mimicry of the ant Oecophylla smaragdina by the myrmecophilous spider Cosmophasis bitaeniata: Is it colony-specific? Journal of Ethology 24(3): 239-246. doi:10.1007/s10164-005-0188-9
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