Codex Regius (New Testament)

Codex Regius designated by siglum Le or 019 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 56 ( von Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 8th century.[1] The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia.

For the Icelandic manuscript, see Codex Regius.
Uncial 019
New Testament manuscript
Ending of Mark
NameRegius
SignLe
TextGospels
Date8th century
ScriptGreek
Now atNational Library of France
Size23.5 cm by 17 cm
TypeAlexandrian text-type
CategoryII
Handbadly written
Notemarginalia

Description

The codex is made of 257 thick parchment leaves (23.5 cm by 17 cm), containing an almost complete text of the four Gospels, with the following lacunae: Matt 4:22-5:14, 28:17-20, Mark 10:16-30, 15:2-20, John 21:15-25.[2]

The text is written in two columns per page, 25 lines per page, in large, not round uncial letters. It has breathings (spiritus asper, spiritus lenis), and accents often added wrongly.[3] It is carelessly written by an ignorant scribe. The letter φ is enormously large, the letter α presents the last stage of the uncial script.[2]

The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given in the margin, and their τιτλοι (titles) at the top of the pages. It also contains the tables of κεφαλαια (table of contents) before each Gospel. There is also another division according to the Ammonian sections, with references to the Eusebian Canons in the margin. It contains lectionary markings in the margin for liturgical reading.[3]

It was badly written by the scribe, who was more probably Egyptian than Greek, with a tendency for writing Coptic rather than Greek.

It has two endings to the Gospel of Mark (as in codices Ψ 099 0112 274mg 579 Lectionary 1602),[4] and John 7:53-8:11 is omitted.

Text

The Greek text of this codex is representative of the Alexandrian text-type in its late stadium.[5] It contains a large number of Byzantine readings in the Gospel of Matthew (1:1–17:26). Aland placed it in Category II, which means it has a number of non-Alexandrian readings.[1] According to Wisse, who examined Luke 1; 10; 20, the text is a "core member" of the Alexandrian text.[6] It was noted in the 19th century that there is strong resemblance to B, to the citations of Origen, and to the margin of the Harkleian Syriac.[2]

Omissions

Matthew 12:47

omit - L א‎ B 1009 ℓ 12 ff1 k syrc, s copsa)
incl. - Majority of manuscripts

Matthew 20:23

και το βαπτισμα ο εγω βαπτιζομαι βαπτισθησεσθε (and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with) - L א‎ B D Z Θ 085 ƒ1 ƒ13 it syrs, c copsa[7]: 56 

Matthew 23:38

ερημος (desert)
omit - L B ℓ 184
incl. - Majority of manuscripts

Luke 9:55–56

καὶ εἶπεν, Οὑκ οἴδατε οἵου πνεύματος ἑστε ὐμεῖς; ὀ γὰρ υἰὸς τοῦ ἁνθρώπου οὑκ ἦλθεν ψυχὰς ἁνθρώπων ἁπολέσαι ἁλλὰ σῶσαι (and He said: "You do not know what manner of spirit you are of; for the Son of man came not to destroy men's lives but to save them) - L א‎ B C Θ Ξ 33 700 892 1241 syr, copbo[7]: 190 

Luke 11:4

αλλα ρυσαι ημας απο του πονηρου (but deliver us from evil) - L 𝔓75 א‎ B ƒ1 700 vg syrs copsa, bo arm geo.[8]: 256 

Other verses omitted are: Mark 7:16, Mark 9:44, Mark 9:46, Mark 11:26, Luke 17:36, and John 5:4.

John 12:13-14 (facsimile); the initial for epsilon has motif with a blessing hand
Additions

Matthew 10:12

λεγοντες ειρηνη τω οικω τουτω - L א‎*,2 D W Θ ƒ1 1010 it vgcl
αυτην - Majority of manuscripts[7]: 24 

Matthew 27:49

ἄλλος δὲ λαβὼν λόγχην ἒνυξεν αὐτοῦ τὴν πλευράν, καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ὖδορ καὶ αἳμα (the other took a spear and pierced His side, and immediately came out water and blood see John 19:34) - L א‎ B C Γ 1010 1293 vgmss)
omit - Majority of manuscripts[7]: 84  [8]: 113 

John 20:31

ζωην αιωνιον - L א‎ C* D Ψ 0100 ƒ13 it vgmss syrp, h copsa copbo
ζωην - Majority of manuscripts[7]: 317 
Some other readings

Matthew 1:10

Αμων - L W ƒ13 Byz
Αμως א‎ B C

Matthew 19:16

διδασκαλε (teacher) - L א‎ B D ƒ1 892txt 1010 1365 ℓ 5 ita, d, e, ff1 copbo eth geo Origen, Hilary.

Matt 19:29

πολλαπλασιονα (manifold) - L B 1010
εκατονπλασιονα (hundredfold) - Majority of manuscripts

Luke 4:17

καὶ ἀνοίξας τὸ βιβλίον (and opened the book) - L A B W Ξ 33 892 1195 1241 ℓ 547 sys, h, pal sa bo
καὶ ἀναπτύξας τὸ βιβλίον (and unrolled the book) - א‎ Dc K Δ Θ Π Ψ ƒ1 ƒ13 28 565 700 1009 1010 Byz[9][7]: 164 

Luke 14:5

ὄνος ἢ βοῦς - L א‎ K X Π Ψ ƒ1 ƒ13 33 892 1071 ℓ 547
υἱὸς ἢ βοῦς - Majority of manuscripts[8]: 273 

Luke 22:1

ηγγισεν - L D
εγγιζεν - Majority of manuscripts[7]: 232 

It contains Luke 22:43–44 (the agony), omitted by other Alexandrian witnesses.

History

The text of the codex was cited by Robert Estienne as η' in his Editio Regia. It was loosely collated by Wettstein. Griesbach set a very high value on the codex. It was edited in 1846 by Tischendorf (Monumenta sacra inedita), but with some errors.[2]

The codex is now located in the National Library of France (Gr. 62), in Paris.[1][10]

See also

References
  1. Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.). Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.
  2. Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose; Edward Miller (1894). A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament. Vol. 1 (4 ed.). London: George Bell & Sons. pp. 137–138.
  3. Gregory, Caspar René (1900). Textkritik des Neuen Testaments. Vol. 1. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs. p. 55.
  4. Metzger, Bruce Manning; Ehrman, Bart D. (2005). The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 77. ISBN 0-19-516667-1.
  5. Martini, Carlo Maria (1980). La Parola di Dio Alle Origini della Chiesa. Rome: Biblical Institute Press. p. 153.
  6. Wisse, Frederik (1982). The Profile Method for the Classification and Evaluation of Manuscript Evidence, as Applied to the Continuous Greek Text of the Gospel of Luke. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 52. ISBN 0-8028-1918-4.
  7. Aland, Kurt; Black, Matthew; Martini, Carlo Maria; Metzger, Bruce M.; Wikgren, Allen, eds. (1981). Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece (26 ed.). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelstiftung. ISBN 3-438-051001. (NA26)
  8. Aland, Kurt; Black, Matthew; Martini, Carlo Maria; Metzger, Bruce Manning; Wikgren, Allen, eds. (1983). The Greek New Testament (3rd ed.). Stuttgart: United Bible Societies. ISBN 9783438051103. (UBS3)
  9. Bruce M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft: Stuttgart 2001), p. 114.
  10. "Liste Handschriften". Münster: Institute for New Testament Textual Research. Retrieved 16 March 2013.

Further reading
  • Constantin von Tischendorf, Monumenta sacra inedita (Leipzig 1846), pp. 15–24, 57-399.
  • Henri Omont, Fac-similés des plus anciens manuscrits grecs de la Bibliothèque nationale du IVe et XIIIe siecle (Paris 1892).
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