Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest

Belgium
Belgium
Member station	VRT, RTBF
National selection events	Internal selection 1964 ; 1965–1966 (artist) ; 1969 (artist) ; 1972 (artist) ; 1974 (artist) ; 1979 (artist) ; 1985 ; 1990 ; 1991 (artist) ; 2003 ; 2007 ; 2009–2010 ; 2012–2013 (artist) ; 2015 ; 2017–2022 ; National final De T.V. Maakt Muziek ; 1957 ; Eurosong ; 1956 ; 1958–1963 ; 1965–1966 (song) ; 1967–1968 ; 1969 (song) ; 1970–1971 ; 1972 (song) ; 1973 ; 1974 (song) ; 1975–1978 ; 1979 (song) ; 1980–1984 ; 1986–1989 ; 1993 ; 1995 ; 1999 ; 2002–2008 ; 2012 (song) ; 2014 ; 2016 ; Euro-Clouseau ; 1991 (song) ; Finale nationale Concours Eurovision de la Chanson ; 1992 ; 1998 ; 2000 ; De gouden zeemeermin ; 1996 ; Eurovision: Qui? À vous de choisir! ; 2011 ; À vous de choisir la chanson! ; 2013 (song) ;
Participation summary
Appearances	62 (52 finals)
Host	1987
First appearance	1956
Highest placement	1st: 1986
Nul points	1962, 1965
External links
	Belgium's page at Eurovision.tv
	For the most recent participation see; Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022

Belgium has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 62 times since making its debut as one of seven countries at the first contest in 1956. The only countries with more appearances are Germany (64), France (63) and the United Kingdom (63). Belgium have been absent only three times in total, in 1994, 1997 and 2001, due to low scores in the previous contests that relegated them from the contest. Belgium has won the contest once, in 1986.

In the first 20 years of the contest, Belgium's best result was Tonia's fourth place in 1966. In 1978, Jean Vallée achieved Belgium's first top three placement, when he was second. Sandra Kim became the first and to date only winner for Belgium in 1986, when she won as a 13-year-old in Bergen, performing the song "J'aime la vie". Belgium's only other top three result came in 2003, when the group Urban Trad finished second in Riga, losing out by only two points. Belgium has finished last in the contest eight times, most recently in 2000, and has twice received "nul points" (no points); in 1962 and 1965.

After the introduction of the semi-final round in 2004, Belgium failed to reach the final for five consecutive years (2005–09). Since 2010, Belgium has become more successful, qualifying for the final in six out of eleven contests and placing in the top 10 four times, with Tom Dice sixth (2010), Loïc Nottet fourth (2015), Laura Tesoro tenth (2016), and Blanche fourth (2017).

Broadcasting

Belgium has two national broadcasters of the contest, Dutch-speaking Flemish broadcaster Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroep (VRT) and French-speaking Walloon broadcaster Radio télévision belge de la communauté française (RTBF). The two broadcasters rotate selection for the Eurovision Song Contest each year (from 2002 to the cancelled 2020 edition, VRT in the even-numbered years and RTBF in the odd-numbered years; until 1993 BRT/BRTN in the odd-numbered years and RTB/RTBF in the even-numbered years).

Contest history

Belgium has participated in Eurovision since the very first contest in 1956, however Tonia's fourth-place at the 1966 contest remained the country's most notable achievement until Jean Vallée finished second in 1978. In the 80s, following good results for Stella (fourth in 1982) and Jacques Zegers (fifth in 1984), Belgium finished last for the sixth time in 1985. This was followed by Belgium's first and (as of 2021) only Eurovision victory in 1986, when Sandra Kim won with her song "J'aime la vie" in Bergen, Norway. Although the lyrics claimed she was 15 years old, she was actually only 13 which prompted runner-ups Switzerland to petition for her disqualification, to no avail.[lower-alpha 1] By winning in 1986, Belgium became the last of the 7 Eurovision founding countries to win the contest, as Switzerland, the Netherlands, France, Luxembourg, Italy and Germany all had won at least once before. Belgium scored an absolute record at the time, with Kim earning a never-seen-before number of 176 points (that record remained until 1993, with Ireland scoring 187 points). With an average of 9.26 points per voting nation and 77.2% of the maximum possible score, as of 2021 Kim's record still ranks eighth among all Eurovision winners.

Belgium finished last for the seventh time at the 1993 contest, before achieving its only top ten result of the 90s decade at the 1998 contest in Birmingham, where Mélanie Cohl finished sixth. In the 2000s, Belgium experienced mixed fortunes: the country started the decade by finishing last for the eighth and (as of 2021) final time at the 2000 contest in Stockholm, before achieving its best result of the 21st century in 2003 when Urban Trad sang in an imaginary language and earned second place with 165 points, losing out to Turkey's Sertab Erener by just two points. The country then failed to qualify from the semi-finals for 5 consecutive contests from 2005 to 2009.

The 2010 entry for Belgium was Tom Dice, runner-up of the Belgian Flemish version of The X Factor in 2008. Dice finished first in his semi-final, allowing Belgium to participate in the final for the first time since 2004 and eventually finishing sixth overall, Belgium's best result since 2003 and the best result ever for a Flemish entrant (tied with 1959).[1] Belgium then experienced a mix of ups and downs for the remainder of the 2010s: while the country failed to qualify for the final on 5 occasions (in 2011, 2012, 2014, 2018 and 2019), Belgium qualified in 2013 (with Roberto Bellarosa placing 12th) before scoring a 3-year-streak in the top 10 thanks to Loïc Nottet (fourth in 2015), Laura Tesoro (tenth in 2016) and Blanche (fourth in 2017).

In October 2019, Hooverphonic was announced as the Belgian representative for the 2020 contest with their entry "Release Me". Due to the cancellation of the 2020 contest in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, broadcasters RTBF and VRT later agreed that the band would be their representative for the 2021 contest instead.[2] Their 2021 entry "The Wrong Place" went on to finish in 19th place in the final with 74 points.

Disparity between broadcasters

Belgium is a federal country divided into two major linguistic regions: Dutch-speaking Flanders in the north and French-speaking Wallonia in the south, each region having its own broadcaster (VRT in Flanders and RTBF in Wallonia). The broadcasters take turns to send the Belgian entry to Eurovision, and as of 2021 Flemish VRT is in charge on odd-numbered years while French-speaking RTBF is in charge on even-numbered years.

There has been a significant difference in the results achieved by the broadcasters.[3] The french-speaking RTBF accomplished Belgium's only Eurovision win in 1986, all of Belgium's ten top 5 placings, and eighteen out of Belgium's twenty-five top 10 placings. On the other hand, the Flemish VRT has only placed in the top 10 seven times, while scoring six out of Belgium's eight last place finishes.[3] In the 90s, the relegation rule was introduced, where the lowest-placed countries on the scoreboard were not invited the following year, to accommodate for the growing number of participating countries. Belgium was relegated three times, in 1994, 1997 and 2001; twice following a poor placing by a VRT-sent act the previous year, and once after RTBF act Nathalie Sorce placed last in 2000.[3]

Since 2004 and the introduction of the semi-finals, the broadcasters have scored similarly in terms of qualification: RTBF qualified three times out of eight semi-finals, while VRT also qualified three times out of eight semi-finals and broke Belgium's five-year non-qualification streak, with 2010 contestant Tom Dice qualifying Belgium for the first time.[4]

Participation overview

Table key
1	Winner
2	Second place
3	Third place
◁	Last place
X	Entry selected but did not compete
†	Upcoming

Year	Entrant	Song	Language	Final	Points	Semi	Points
1956	Fud Leclerc	"Messieurs les noyés de la Seine"	French	2[lower-alpha 2]	N/A	No semi-finals
1956	Mony Marc	"Le plus beau jour de ma vie"	French	2[lower-alpha 2]	N/A
1957	Bobbejaan Schoepen	"Straatdeuntje"	Dutch	8	5
1958	Fud Leclerc	"Ma petite chatte"	French	5	8
1959	Bob Benny	"Hou toch van mij"	Dutch	6	9
1960	Fud Leclerc	"Mon amour pour toi"	French	6	9
1961	Bob Benny	"September, gouden roos"	Dutch	15 ◁	1
1962	Fud Leclerc	"Ton nom"	French	13 ◁	0
1963	Jacques Raymond	"Waarom?"	Dutch	10	4
1964	Robert Cogoi	"Près de ma rivière"	French	10	2
1965	Lize Marke	"Als het weer lente is"	Dutch	15 ◁	0
1966	Tonia	"Un peu de poivre, un peu de sel"	French	4	14
1967	Louis Neefs	"Ik heb zorgen"	Dutch	7	8
1968	Claude Lombard	"Quand tu reviendras"	French	7	8
1969	Louis Neefs	"Jennifer Jennings"	Dutch	7	10
1970	Jean Vallée	"Viens l'oublier"	French	8	5
1971	Lily Castel and Jacques Raymond	"Goeiemorgen, morgen"	Dutch	14	68
1972	Serge and Christine Ghisoland	"À la folie ou pas du tout"	French	17	55
1973	Nicole and Hugo	"Baby, Baby"	Dutch	17 ◁	58
1974	Jacques Hustin	"Fleur de liberté"	French	9	10
1975	Ann Christy	"Gelukkig zijn"	Dutch, English	15	17
1976	Pierre Rapsat	"Judy et Cie"	French	8	68
1977	Dream Express	"A Million in One, Two, Three"	English	7	69
1978	Jean Vallée	"L'amour ça fait chanter la vie"	French	2	125

1979	Micha Marah	"Hey Nana"	Dutch	18 ◁	5
1980	Telex	"Euro-Vision"	French	17	14
1981	Emly Starr	"Samson"	Dutch	13	40
1982	Stella	"Si tu aimes ma musique"	French	4	96
1983	Pas de Deux	"Rendez-vous"	Dutch	18	13
1984	Jacques Zegers	"Avanti la vie"	French	5	70
1985	Linda Lepomme	"Laat me nu gaan"	Dutch	19 ◁	7
1986	Sandra Kim	"J'aime la vie"	French	1	176
1987	Liliane Saint-Pierre	"Soldiers of Love"	Dutch, English	11	56
1988	Reynaert	"Laissez briller le soleil"	French	18	5
1989	Ingeborg	"Door de wind"	Dutch	19	13
1990	Philippe Lafontaine	"Macédomienne"	French	12	46
1991	Clouseau	"Geef het op"	Dutch	16	23
1992	Morgane	"Nous, on veut des violons"	French	20	11
1993	Barbara Dex	"Iemand als jij"	Dutch	25 ◁	3	Kvalifikacija za Millstreet
1995	Frédéric Etherlinck	"La voix est libre"	French	20	8	No semi-finals
1996	Lisa del Bo	"Liefde is een kaartspel"	Dutch	16	22	12	45
1998	Mélanie Cohl	"Dis oui"	French	6	122[lower-alpha 3]	No semi-finals
1999	Vanessa Chinitor	"Like the Wind"	English	12	38
2000	Nathalie Sorce	"Envie de vivre"	French	24 ◁	2
2002	Sergio and the Ladies	"Sister"	English	13	33
2003	Urban Trad	"Sanomi"	Imaginary	2	165
2004	Xandee	"1 Life"	English	22	7	Top 11 previous year[lower-alpha 4]
2005	Nuno Resende	"Le grand soir"	French	Failed to qualify		22	29
2006	Kate Ryan	"Je t'adore"	English[lower-alpha 5]			12	69
2007	The KMG's	"LovePower"	English			26	14
2008	Ishtar	"O Julissi"	Imaginary			17	16
2009	Copycat	"Copycat"	English			17	1
2010	Tom Dice	"Me and My Guitar"	English	6	143	1	167
2011	Witloof Bay	"With Love Baby"	English	Failed to qualify		11	53
2012	Iris	"Would You?"	English	Failed to qualify		17	16
2013	Roberto Bellarosa	"Love Kills"	English	12	71	5	75
2014	Axel Hirsoux	"Mother"	English	Failed to qualify		14	28
2015	Loïc Nottet	"Rhythm Inside"	English	4	217	2	149
2016	Laura Tesoro	"What's the Pressure"	English	10	181	3	274
2017	Blanche	"City Lights"	English	4	363	4	165
2018	Sennek	"A Matter of Time"	English	Failed to qualify		12	91
2019	Eliot	"Wake Up"	English	Failed to qualify		13	70
2020	Hooverphonic	"Release Me"	English	Contest cancelled[lower-alpha 6] X
2021	Hooverphonic	"The Wrong Place"	English	19	74	9	117
2022	Jérémie Makiese	"Miss You"	English	Upcoming †

Selection process

While VRT normally hosts a national final, Eurosong, when selecting their entries for Eurovision, RTBF usually holds an internal selection process (although it sometimes holds a national final, for example in 1998, 2005[6][7] and 2011, while VRT internally chose Tom Dice for the 2010 edition, Sennek for the 2018 edition and Hooverphonic for the 2020 and 2021 editions).

Year	Selection process	Broadcaster	Ref.
1956	Internal selection	INR
1957	Artist: Internal selection Song: National final with 3 songs	NIR
1958	National final	INR
1959	National final with 2 participants	NIR
1960	National final with 5 participants	INR
1961	National final with 6 participants	BRT
1962	National final with 5 participants	RTB
1963	National final with 6 participants	BRT
1964	Internal selection	RTB
1965	Artist: Internal selection Song: National final with 6 songs	BRT
1966	Artist: Internal selection Song: National final with 4 songs	RTB
1967	National final with 7 participants	BRT
1968	National final with 10 participants	RTB
1969	Artist: Internal selection Song: National final with 6 songs	BRT
1970	National final with 4 participants	RTB
1971	National final with 12 participants	BRT
1972	Artist: Internal selection Song: National final with 10 songs	RTB
1973	National final with 10 participants	BRT
1974	Artist: Internal selection Song: National final with 6 songs	RTB
1975	National final with 10 participants	BRT
1976	National final with 5 participants	RTB
1977	National final with 3 participants	BRT
1978	National final with 8 participants	RTBF
1979	Artist: Internal selection Song: National final with 3 songs	BRT
1980	National final with 7 participants	RTBF
1981	National final with 10 participants	BRT
1982	National final with 4 participants	RTBF
1983	National final with 9 participants	BRT
1984	National final with 10 participants	RTBF
1985	Internal selection	BRT
1986	National final with 9 participants	RTBF
1987	National final with 11 participants	BRT
1988	National final with 12 participants	RTBF
1989	National final with 12 participants	BRT
1990	Internal selection	RTBF
1991	Artist: Internal selection Song: National final with 3 songs	BRT
1992	National final with 10 participants	RTBF
1993	National final with 12 participants	BRTN
1994	Did not participate
1995	National final with 10 participants	RTBF
1996	National final with 12 participants	BRTN
1997	Did not participate
1998	National final with 10 participants	RTBF
1999	National final with 8 participants	VRT
2000	National final with 10 participants	RTBF
2001	Did not participate
2002	National final with 7 participants	VRT
2003	Internal selection	RTBF
2004	National final with 7 participants	VRT
2005	National final with 2 participants	RTBF
2006	National final with 7 participants	VRT
2007	Internal selection	RTBF
2008	National final with 5 participants	VRT
2009	Internal selection	RTBF
2010	Internal selection	VRT
2011	National final with 14 participants	RTBF
2012	Artist: Internal selection Song: National final with 2 songs	VRT
2013	Artist: Internal selection Song: National final with 3 songs	RTBF
2014	National final with 6 participants	VRT
2015	Internal selection	RTBF
2016	National final with 5 participants	VRT
2017	Internal selection	RTBF
2018		VRT
2019		RTBF
2020		VRT	[8]
2021		VRT	[9]
2022		RTBF

Hostings

Year	Location	Venue	Presenter
1987	Brussels	Centenary Palace	Viktor Lazlo

Awards

Barbara Dex Award

Year	Performer	Host city	Ref.
2000	Nathalie Sorce	Stockholm	[10]

Related involvement

Conductors

Year	Conductor[lower-alpha 7]	Notes	Ref.
1956	Léo Souris		[11]
1957	Willy Berking	Host conductor
1958	Dolf van der Linden	Host conductor
1959	Francis Bay
1960	Henri Segers
1961	Francis Bay
1962	Henri Segers
1963	Francis Bay
1964	Henri Segers
1965	Gaston Nuyts
1966	Jean Roderes	Host conductor
1967	Francis Bay
1968	Henri Segers
1969	Francis Bay
1970	Jack Say		[12]
1971	Francis Bay
1972	Henri Segers
1973	Francis Bay
1974	Pierre Chiffre
1975	Francis Bay
1976	Michel Bernholc
1977	Alyn Ainsworth
1978	Jean Musy
1979	Francis Bay
1980	No conductor		[13]
1981	Giuseppe Marchese
1982	Jack Say
1983	Freddy Sunder
1984	Jo Carlier
1985	Curt-Eric Holmquist	Host conductor
1986	Jo Carlier
1987	Freddy Sunder	[lower-alpha 8]
1988	Daniel Willem
1989	Freddy Sunder
1990	Rony Brack
1991	Roland Verlooven
1992	Frank Fievez
1993	Bert Candries
1995	Alec Mansion
1996	Bob Porter
1998	No conductor

Commentators and spokespersons

Belgium has two public broadcast stations VRT (Dutch speaking region) & RTBF (French speaking region). Both broadcast the event and over the years VRT and RTBF commentary has been provided by several experienced radio and television presenters, including Nand Baert, Jacques Mercier, Luc Appermont and Paule Herreman. However, from the 1991 Contest, André Vermeulen has provided the Dutch language commentary every year, with the exception of the 1996 Contest. Jean-Pierre Hautier provided the French language commentary from the 1994 Contest until the 2012 contest, having died shortly after. In 1962, the BRT used the commentary from NTS (The Netherlands broadcast), possibly for financial reasons.

Since 1998, VRT has supplied an additional commentator to join André Vermeulen; between 1999 and 2010, dual commentary was provided by either Bart Peeters or Anja Daems. Peeters provided the commentary during the years when VRT selected the entries, whilst Daems commentated the years in which RTBF selected the entries. Since 2011, Sven Pichal has replaced Daems as commentator, whilst Peter Van de Veire has replaced Peeters. From 2007, Jean-Louis Lahaye joined Jean-Pierre Hautier as a supplementary commentator for RTBF. After Hautier's death in 2012, Lahaye was joined by Maureen Louys in 2013.

Year	Flemish commentator	French-speaking commentator	Spokesperson	Ref.
1956	Nand Baert	Janine Lambotte	No spokesperson
1957	Nic Bal	Janine Lambotte	Bert Leysen
1958		Arlette Vincent	Paule Herreman
1959		Paule Herreman	Bert Leysen
1960		Georges Désir	Arlette Vincent
1961		Commentary via RTF France	Ward Bogaert
1962	Commentary via NTS the Netherlands	Nicole Védrès	Arlette Vincent
1963	Herman Verelst, Denise Maes	Pierre Delhasse	Ward Bogaert
1964	Herman Verelst	Paule Herreman	André Hagon
1965			Ward Bogaert
1966			André Hagon
1967			Ward Bogaert
1968			André Hagon
1969			Ward Bogaert
1970	Jan Theys		André Hagon
1971	Herman Verelst		No spokesperson
1972
1973
1974		Georges Désir	André Hagon
1975	Willem Duys	Paule Herreman	Ward Bogaert
1976	Luc Appermont	Georges Désir	André Hagon
1977		Patrick Duhamel	An Ploegaerts
1978		Claude Delacroix	André Hagon
1979		Paule Herreman	An Ploegaerts
1980		Jacques Mercier	Jacques Olivier
1981			Walter De Meyere
1982			Jacques Olivier
1983			An Ploegaerts
1984			Jacques Olivier
1985			An Ploegaerts
1986		Patrick Duhamel	Jacques Olivier
1987		Claude Delacroix	An Ploegaerts
1988		Pierre Collard-Bovy	Jacques Olivier
1989		Jacques Mercier	An Ploegaerts
1990		Claude Delacroix	Jacques Olivier
1991	André Vermeulen		An Ploegaerts
1992			Jacques Olivier
1993			An Ploegaerts
1994		Jean-Pierre Hautier	Did not participate
1995		Jean-Pierre Hautier	Marie-Françoise Renson "Soda"
1996	Michel Follet, Johan Verstreken	Jean-Pierre Hautier, Sandra Kim	An Ploegaerts
1997	André Vermeulen	Jean-Pierre Hautier	Did not participate
1998	André Vermeulen, Andrea Croonenberghs		Marie-Hélène Vanderborght
1999	André Vermeulen, Bart Peeters		Sabine De Vos
2000	André Vermeulen, Anja Daems		Thomas Van Hamme
2001	André Vermeulen, Anja Daems		Did not participate
2002	André Vermeulen, Bart Peeters		Geena Lisa
2003	André Vermeulen, Anja Daems		Corinne Boulangier
2004	André Vermeulen, Bart Peeters		Martine Prenen
2005	André Vermeulen, Anja Daems		Armelle Gysen
2006	André Vermeulen, Bart Peeters		Yasmine
2007	André Vermeulen, Anja Daems	Jean-Pierre Hautier, Jean-Louis Lahaye	Maureen Louys
2008	André Vermeulen, Bart Peeters		Sandrine Van Handenhoven
2009	André Vermeulen, Anja Daems		Maureen Louys
2010	André Vermeulen, Bart Peeters		Katja Retsin
2011	André Vermeulen, Sven Pichal		Maureen Louys
2012	André Vermeulen, Peter Van de Veire		Peter Van de Veire	[14]
2013	André Vermeulen, Tom De Cock	Maureen Louys, Jean-Louis Lahaye	Barbara Louys	[14]
2014	Peter Van de Veire, Eva Daeleman		Angelique Vlieghe	[14]
2015	Peter Van de Veire, Eva Daeleman		Walid	[14]
2016	Peter Van de Veire		Umesh Vangaver	[14]
2017			Fanny Gillard	[14]
2018			Danira Boukhriss Terkessidis	[15][14][16]
2019			David Jeanmotte	[17][18][19]
2021		Fanny Jandrain, Jean-Louis Lahaye	Danira Boukhriss Terkessidis	[20][21][22]

Gallery

Fud Leclerc performing "Ma petite chatte" in Hilversum (1958)
Xandee performing "1 Life" in Istanbul (2004)
The KMG's performing "Love Power" in Helsinki (2007)
Ishtar performing "O Julissi" in Belgrade (2008)
Copycat in Moscow (2009)
Tom Dice in Oslo (2010)
Roberto Bellarosa performing "Love Kills" in Malmö (2013)
Axel Hirsoux performing "Mother" in Copenhagen (2014)
Loïc Nottet performing "Rhythm Inside" in Vienna (2015)
Laura Tesoro performing "What's the Pressure" in Stockholm (2016)
Blanche performing "City Lights" in Kyiv (2017)
Sennek performing "A Matter of Time" in Lisbon (2018)
Eliot performing "Wake Up" in Tel Aviv (2019)
Hooverphonic performing "The Wrong Place" in Rotterdam (2021)

Notes and references

Notes

Since the 1990 contest, the minimum age for participation is 16 meaning Sandra Kim will remain the youngest winner ever (unless the age limit is lowered).
The full results for the first contest in 1956 are unknown, only the winner was announced. The official Eurovision site lists all the other songs as being placed second.[5]
Spain originally gave its 12 points to Israel and 10 to Norway. After the broadcast it was announced that Spanish broadcaster wrongly tallied the votes and Germany should have got the top mark - 12 points - instead of being snubbed, as it happened. The mistake was corrected and so Germany was placed 7th over Norway. Israel and Norway both received 2 points less than originally and Croatia, Malta, Portugal, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Belgium, Estonia and Turkey all received one point less than indicated during the broadcast.
According to the then-Eurovision rules, the top ten non-Big Four countries from the previous year along with the Big Four automatically qualified for the Grand Final without having to compete in semi-finals. For example, if Germany and France placed inside the top ten, the 11th and 12th spots were advanced to next year's Grand Final along with all countries ranked in the top ten.
Although the song is in English, the French title is repeated throughout the song.
The 2020 contest was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
All conductors are of Belgian nationality unless otherwise noted.
The contest was organized by RTBF, but the Belgian entry was from VRT, hence Walloon Jo Carlier serving as musical director (and conducting for Cyprus) while a Flemish conductor led the Belgian entry.

References

"Eurovision 2010: complete televoting and jury results". wiwibloggs.com. 30 June 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
"Hooverphonic neemt volgend jaar deel aan het Eurovisiesongfestival:"We hebben er nog altijd enorm veel zin in"" (in Dutch). VRT NWS. 20 March 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
Tielens, Filip (15 May 2021). "Waarom Vlaanderen telkens slecht scoort op het Eurovisiesongfestival". De Standaard. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
https://eurovision.tv/country/belgium
Barclay, Simon (17 June 2010). The Complete and Independent Guide to the Eurovision Song Contest 2010. Silverthorn Press. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-4457-8415-1.
"Belgian National Final 1998". Archived from the original on 22 October 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-04.
"Belgian National Final 2005". Archived from the original on 22 October 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-04.
NWS, VRT (18 March 2020). "Door coronacrisis kan ook Songfestival niet doorgaan in 2020, Hooverphonic reageert: "wereldgezondheid gaat voor"". vrtnws.be (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 March 2020.
NWS, VRT (20 March 2020). "Hooverphonic neemt volgend jaar deel aan het Eurovisiesongfestival: "We hebben er nog altijd enorm veel zin in"". vrtnws.be (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 March 2020.
Adams, William Lee (9 July 2015). "Poll: Who was the worst dressed Barbara Dex Award winner?". Wiwibloggs. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
Roxburgh, Gordon (2012). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. One: The 1950s and 1960s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. pp. 93–101. ISBN 978-1-84583-065-6.
Roxburgh, Gordon (2014). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Two: The 1970s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. pp. 142–168. ISBN 978-1-84583-093-9.
Roxburgh, Gordon (2016). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Three: The 1980s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84583-118-9.
Granger, Anthony (20 May 2018). "EBU Wants to See More Commentators Attend the Eurovision Song Contest". eurovoix.com. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
"Peter Van de Veire: "Als ik een voetballer was, zou ik iedereen onderuit schoppen"". niewsblad.be (in Dutch). 3 March 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
Granger, Anthony (22 April 2018). "Belgium: Danira Boukhriss Terkessidis Revealed as Spokesperson". eurovoix.com. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
"Tweede halve finale van het Songfestival verhuist naar Ketnet". hln.be (in Dutch). 26 April 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
Granger, Anthony (14 March 2019). "Belgium: Maureen Louys & Jean-Louis Lahaye Confirmed As Commentators For Tel Aviv". eurovoix.com. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
"Eurovision 2019 Spokespersons – Who will announce the points?". eurovisionworld.com. 18 May 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
"TV-gids". één.be.
"Beleef het Eurovisiesongfestival bij de VRT". communicatie.vrt.be (in Flemish). Retrieved 14 May 2021.
"Eurovision 2021 : 3 soirées exceptionnelles à ne pas manquer sur la RTBF !". rtbf.be.

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[1] Since the 1990 contest, the minimum age for participation is 16 meaning Sandra Kim will remain the youngest winner ever (unless the age limit is lowered).

[esc_1956-7] The full results for the first contest in 1956 are unknown, only the winner was announced. The official Eurovision site lists all the other songs as being placed second.[5]

[8] Spain originally gave its 12 points to Israel and 10 to Norway. After the broadcast it was announced that Spanish broadcaster wrongly tallied the votes and Germany should have got the top mark - 12 points - instead of being snubbed, as it happened. The mistake was corrected and so Germany was placed 7th over Norway. Israel and Norway both received 2 points less than originally and Croatia, Malta, Portugal, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Belgium, Estonia and Turkey all received one point less than indicated during the broadcast.

[note2-9] According to the then-Eurovision rules, the top ten non-Big Four countries from the previous year along with the Big Four automatically qualified for the Grand Final without having to compete in semi-finals. For example, if Germany and France placed inside the top ten, the 11th and 12th spots were advanced to next year's Grand Final along with all countries ranked in the top ten.

[10] Although the song is in English, the French title is repeated throughout the song.

[11] The 2020 contest was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

[17] All conductors are of Belgian nationality unless otherwise noted.

[21] The contest was organized by RTBF, but the Belgian entry was from VRT, hence Walloon Jo Carlier serving as musical director (and conducting for Cyprus) while a Flemish conductor led the Belgian entry.

[2] "Eurovision 2010: complete televoting and jury results". wiwibloggs.com. 30 June 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2014.

[3] "Hooverphonic neemt volgend jaar deel aan het Eurovisiesongfestival:"We hebben er nog altijd enorm veel zin in"" (in Dutch). VRT NWS. 20 March 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.

[standaard.be-4] Tielens, Filip (15 May 2021). "Waarom Vlaanderen telkens slecht scoort op het Eurovisiesongfestival". De Standaard. Retrieved 16 May 2021.

[5] ttps://eurovision.tv/country/belgium

[ESC1956_History-6] Barclay, Simon (17 June 2010). The Complete and Independent Guide to the Eurovision Song Contest 2010. Silverthorn Press. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-4457-8415-1.

[12] "Belgian National Final 1998". Archived from the original on 22 October 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-04.

[13] "Belgian National Final 2005". Archived from the original on 22 October 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-04.

[14] NWS, VRT (18 March 2020). "Door coronacrisis kan ook Songfestival niet doorgaan in 2020, Hooverphonic reageert: "wereldgezondheid gaat voor"". vrtnws.be (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 March 2020.

[15] NWS, VRT (20 March 2020). "Hooverphonic neemt volgend jaar deel aan het Eurovisiesongfestival: "We hebben er nog altijd enorm veel zin in"". vrtnws.be (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 March 2020.

[16] Adams, William Lee (9 July 2015). "Poll: Who was the worst dressed Barbara Dex Award winner?". Wiwibloggs. Retrieved 8 December 2019.

[18] Roxburgh, Gordon (2012). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. One: The 1950s and 1960s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. pp. 93–101. ISBN 978-1-84583-065-6.

[19] Roxburgh, Gordon (2014). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Two: The 1970s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. pp. 142–168. ISBN 978-1-84583-093-9.

[20] Roxburgh, Gordon (2016). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Three: The 1980s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84583-118-9.

[rtbf_comm-22] Granger, Anthony (20 May 2018). "EBU Wants to See More Commentators Attend the Eurovision Song Contest". eurovoix.com. Retrieved 12 December 2019.

[23] "Peter Van de Veire: "Als ik een voetballer was, zou ik iedereen onderuit schoppen"". niewsblad.be (in Dutch). 3 March 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2019.

[24] Granger, Anthony (22 April 2018). "Belgium: Danira Boukhriss Terkessidis Revealed as Spokesperson". eurovoix.com. Retrieved 12 December 2019.

[25] "Tweede halve finale van het Songfestival verhuist naar Ketnet". hln.be (in Dutch). 26 April 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019.

[26] Granger, Anthony (14 March 2019). "Belgium: Maureen Louys & Jean-Louis Lahaye Confirmed As Commentators For Tel Aviv". eurovoix.com. Retrieved 12 December 2019.

[27] "Eurovision 2019 Spokespersons – Who will announce the points?". eurovisionworld.com. 18 May 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019.

[28] "TV-gids". één.be.

[29] "Beleef het Eurovisiesongfestival bij de VRT". communicatie.vrt.be (in Flemish). Retrieved 14 May 2021.

[30] "Eurovision 2021 : 3 soirées exceptionnelles à ne pas manquer sur la RTBF !". rtbf.be.