2022 Australian federal election

The 2022 Australian federal election will be held on 21 May 2022[1] to elect members of the 47th Parliament of Australia.

2022 Australian federal election
21 May 2022
All 151 seats in the House of Representatives
76 seats are needed for a majority
40 (of the 76) seats in the Senate
Opinion polls
 
Leader Scott Morrison Anthony Albanese Adam Bandt
Party Liberal/National coalition Labor Greens
Leader since 24 August 2018 (2018-08-24) 30 May 2019 (2019-05-30) 4 February 2020 (2020-02-04)
Leader's seat Cook (NSW) Grayndler (NSW) Melbourne (Vic.)
Last election 77 seats, 41.44% 68 seats, 33.34% 1 seat, 10.40%
Current seats 75 seats[lower-alpha 1] 68 seats[lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3] 1 seat
Seats needed 1 8 75
2019 TPP 51.53% 48.47%
 
CA
Leader Craig Kelly Bob Katter[lower-alpha 4] No federal leader
Party United Australia Katter's Australian Centre Alliance
Leader since 23 August 2021 (2021-08-23) 3 February 2020 (2020-02-03)
Leader's seat Hughes (NSW) Kennedy (Qld.)
Last election 0 seats, 3.43% 1 seat, 0.49% 1 seat, 0.33%
Current seats 1 seat 1 seat 1 seat
Seats needed 75 75 75
Map showing the electoral divisions to be contested.
Incumbent Prime Minister

Scott Morrison
Liberal/National coalition



2022 Australian federal election

The incumbent Liberal–National Coalition government, led by Prime Minister Scott Morrison, is seeking to win a fourth consecutive term in office. They will be challenged by the opposition, the Labor Party, led by Anthony Albanese. The Greens, United Australia, One Nation, other minor parties, and independent politicians will also contest the election. All 151 seats in the lower house, the House of Representatives, and 40 of the 76 seats in the upper house, the Senate, will be up for election.

Background

Previous election
Main article: 2019 Australian federal election
See also: Results of the 2019 Australian federal election (House of Representatives)
See also: Results of the 2019 Australian federal election (Senate)

At the previous election in May 2019, the Liberal/National Coalition, led by Scott Morrison, formed government winning 77 seats in the House of Representatives, enough for a three-seat majority,[2] whilst Labor claimed 68 seats and remained in opposition. A further six seats were won by other parties and independents; one each to the Greens, Centre Alliance, Katter's Australian Party and the remaining three by independents forming the crossbench. In the Senate, the Coalition made modest gains in most states and increased their share of seats to 35 overall, whilst Labor remained steady on 26, the Greens likewise on 9, One Nation and Centre Alliance down to 2 each, and Jacqui Lambie and Cory Bernardi's minor parties with 1 seat each. This meant the Coalition required four additional votes to pass legislation.[3]

Composition of parliament
See also: 46th Parliament of Australia § Membership changes

The 46th Parliament was inaugurated on 2 July 2019. By this time the Labor Party had elected a new leader, replacing the outgoing Bill Shorten with Anthony Albanese. Though there were several resignations and departures from members of the House and Senate, few of these changes altered the numbers on the floors of either chamber.

In the Senate, Cory Bernardi's resignation in January 2020 allowed the Coalition to replace him with a Liberal member, increasing their share of seats in the Senate to 36.[4] They retained this figure until Northern Territory senator Sam McMahon resigned from the Country Liberal Party in January 2022, four months before the election. She joined the Liberal Democratic Party on 8 April 2022.[5]

In the House of Representatives, two Coalition MPs (Llew O'Brien and Darren Chester) departed their respective party-room caucuses, though retained their membership of the Morrison Government. The government's share of seats in the House did drop however, when Craig Kelly, the member for Hughes, left the Liberal Party in August 2021 to become an independent and sit on the crossbench. This left the government with a one-seat majority (76 out of 151), though considering the position of the Speaker (who is obliged not to vote to create a majority where none is present), the government functioned from this point to the election in technical-minority status. On 7 April 2022, three days prior to the election being called, Liberal National Party MP George Christensen announced his resignation from the party and thus became an independent, dropping the government to 75 seats at the end of the parliamentary term.

There were two by-elections in the life of the parliament, both in 2020 in the seats of Eden-Monaro and Groom, though in both instances the by-elections were won by the incumbent party. Nick Champion resigned from the House of Representatives in February 2022 to contest the South Australian state election. A by-election was not held for his seat of Spence as it would be too close to the federal election.[6]

Events of the 46th Parliament

Throughout the duration of the 46th Parliament, Scott Morrison remained Prime Minister and leader of the Liberal Party, and in so doing he became the first prime minister to serve a full term without facing a leadership spill since John Howard (1996–2007).[7] Deputy Prime Minister and National Party leader Michael McCormack was challenged twice by his predecessor Barnaby Joyce, unsuccessfully in February 2020 and successfully in June 2021.

Key events during the second term (and first full term) of the Morrison Government included: the Black Summer bushfires; the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic; the Parliament House sexual misconduct allegations; and the formation of the AUKUS security pact. Morrison won praise for his response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, including launching the National Cabinet and JobKeeper programs, but struggled to manage the vaccination rollout and testing regime as new variants of SARS-CoV-2 emerged. He faced further criticism for holidaying in Hawaii during the Black Summer bushfires, being accused of lying by French President Emmanuel Macron in the aftermath of the AUKUS agreement, and lacking ambition on climate change during COP26.

The opposition Labor Party elected Anthony Albanese as party leader unopposed, 12 days after Bill Shorten lost the May 2019 election. The Albanese-led Opposition struggled to make an impact in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic.[8] Albanese's "most significant policy announcement" before 2022 was a commitment to reduce emissions by 43% by 2030 under a Labor government.[9]

Australian Greens leader Richard Di Natale resigned in February 2020, replaced by the party's first and only lower house MP Adam Bandt, who was elected unopposed. Among minor parties, controversial figure Craig Kelly resigned from the Liberal Party and became the leader of Clive Palmer's United Australia Party in 2021.

Change in party registration rules
See also: Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 § 2021 amendments

In September 2021, legislation was passed to amend the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 and tighten rules surrounding the registration of political parties. Changes to party registration rules were reportedly the effect of an increase of parties on the Senate ballot, which resulted in the requirement of magnifying sheets for some voters to read the ballot, and a perception that voters would be misled by names of some minor parties.[10]

The first change was the increase of membership requirements for a party from 500 to 1500.[10][11] This resulted in the federal deregistration of non-parliamentary minor parties who could not prove they had at least 1500 members, including the Christian Democratic Party and Democratic Labour Party in March 2022.[12]

The second change was that parties cannot have names that were too similar to political parties registered before them. This meant that new parties are prevented from registering a party name and/or logo "too similar to an existing party's".[10][11] As for existing registered parties, a party may also object to a similar name and/or logo used by another party, if the latter party was registered later than the former party. If the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) is satisfied with the objection, it can uphold the objection, and the later-registered party will be deregistered within a month of the upholding, if an application to change the name and/or logo is not made or has been denied.[13]

This "similar name" rule was used by the Liberal Party against Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and The New Liberals, with both objections upheld by the AEC. This forced The New Liberals to change its name to TNL in order to be registered and forced the LDP to apply to change its name to the Liberty and Democracy Party.[14] The LDP then withdrew its name change application on 22 March 2022.[15][16] As a result, on 1 April 2022, the AEC gave notice to the party that it would consider deregistering the latter, giving one month for the party to appeal the notice.[17] However, as the writs for the election were issued the following week on 11 April, the party register then would be "frozen" and this meant the party was allowed to contest the election with its current name.[18]

The Labor Party also used the "similar name" rule against the Democratic Labour Party and the objection was upheld by the AEC, but the latter party was eventually deregistered for not meeting the membership number requirement.[19][20]

Party preselection issues
See also: Liberal Party of Australia (New South Wales Division) and Australian Labor Party (Victorian Branch)

Both the Labor Party and Liberal Party experienced preselection issues, where they were unable to finalise candidates for many of the seats or the Senate as late as early April 2022, less than two weeks before the election was called. This resulted in the intervention by the parties' national executives or nominated committees to select the candidates and bypassing local voting by rank-and-file members.

The New South Wales state division of the Liberal Party was unable to finalise candidates for many seats by March 2022, due to the alleged failure of Morrison's representative Alex Hawke to attend internal Liberal Party nomination review committee meetings and COVID-19 complications resulting in the inability to elect the state executive in November 2020.[21] This has forced the federal executive of the party to temporarily dissolve the state executive on two occasions (4 to 8 March, 27 March to 2 April) under the party constitution, and set up a committee to intervene in preselection processes. The committee was made up of Morrison, New South Wales Premier and state party leader Dominic Perrottet and former party president Chris McDiven.[22][23][24] While the state executive was dissolved, the committee was allowed to "hand-pick" party candidates for the election and bypass local pre-selection ballots. It endorsed the preselection of Hawke, minister Sussan Ley and backbencher Trent Zimmerman in their seats on 6 March, and endorsed candidates on 2 April for nine key seats that the party was trying to win, including Warringah, Hughes, Eden-Monaro and Parramatta.[25][26] Some party members sought to challenge the legitimacy of the committee's preselection in court, which would overturn the preselection of Hawke, Ley, Zimmerman and the other nine candidates.[27] On 5 April, the New South Wales Court of Appeal ruled that the court had no jurisdiction to make decisions relating to the constitutions of political parties, thereby ruling the preselection of the 12 candidates valid.[28] The legal challenge was further brought into High Court of Australia for appeal but was dismissed on 8 April, two days before the election was called.[29]

The preselection process in the Victorian branch of the Labor Party had been taken over by the Labor Party National Executive in June 2020 until 2023 as a result of branch-stacking allegations within the party. Voting rights of all members were suspended and candidates would be chosen by the National Executive.[30] In early March 2022, the Labor Senate ticket for Victoria for the May federal election had still not yet been decided. It was reported that Senators Kimberley Kitching and Kim Carr might face preselection challenges and could lose preselection for the Senate ticket in the election.[31] Kitching died from a heart attack a week later, and Carr later decided to retire from the election. On 28 March 2022, the National Executive was able to finalise two new candidates to replace Kitching and Carr, and another candidate for the Division of Holt.[32]

Preselection issues in the Labor Party were not limited to the Victorian branch. On the same day as the replacements for Kitching and Carr were finalised, the National Executive "parachuted" Andrew Charlton into the Division of Parramatta in New South Wales, bypassing a local preselection with three candidates from diverse ethnic backgrounds. This prompted a backlash from local party members and the incumbent retiring Labor member for Parramatta Julie Owens.[33]

Redistribution
See also: Redistribution (Australia) and Divisions of the Australian House of Representatives

The Australian Electoral Commission is required, one year after the first sitting day for a new House of Representatives, to determine the number of members to which each State and Territory is entitled. If the number in any state changes, a redistribution will be required in those states. A redistribution will be postponed if it would begin within one year of the expiration of the House of Representatives.

Demographic statistics for December 2019 released by the Australian Bureau of Statistics on 18 June 2020 were used to calculate the determination. The population counts confirmed that the number of seats in the House of Representatives was to return to 150, with Victoria gaining a seat (39) and Western Australia (15) and the Northern Territory (1) losing a seat each.[34][35]

The abolition of the Northern Territory's second seat in the determination was controversial.[36] Labor Party senators Malarndirri McCarthy and Don Farrell put forward a private senator's bill which would guarantee the Northern Territory a minimum two seats in the House of Representatives, with the bill referred to the Joint Standing Committee on Electoral Matters.[37] In July 2020, election analyst Antony Green proposed to the Joint Standing Committee on Electoral Matters that the "harmonic mean method" be used to calculate the electoral representation entitlements for the territories.[38] Green also blogged on the history of representation and its applications to states and territories in light of the 2020 redistribution[39][40][41] and his advocacy proved persuasive.[37] In October 2020, deputy prime minister Michael McCormack gave an assurance that the government and opposition would combine to overrule the AEC and maintain the Northern Territory's level of representation. The mechanism by which this would be used to achieved was unclear,[42] however, with Senator Mathias Cormann stating that a two-seat minimum for the territories would be legislated.[43] Mandating a minimum number of seats for the Northern Territory but not the Australian Capital Territory was seen as potentially inequitable, though the ACT's level of representation was not under threat.[37] A 2003 report had also recommended against adopting mandatory minimum entitlements to seats in the House of Representatives for either of the territories.[44]

Ultimately, the Joint Standing Committee recommended "enacting a harmonic mean for allocating seats between states and territories, with appropriate public explanation to build understanding for the reform."[37] The Parliament passed the Electoral Amendment (Territory Representation) Act on 9 December 2020, amending the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 to utilise the harmonic mean method for determining representative entitlements for territories relative to states.[45][46] Consequently, the Northern Territory will retain two seats in the House of Representatives at the next election,[45] an outcome achieved without legislating any mandatory minimum level of representation.[37]

December 2020 determination
State Seats Change
New South Wales 47
Victoria 39 1
Queensland 30
Western Australia 15 1
South Australia 10
Tasmania 5
Australian Capital Territory 3
Northern Territory 2
Total 151

In March 2021, the AEC published its proposal for this redistribution, involving the abolition of the Division of Stirling in Western Australia,[47] the creation of the new Division of Hawke in Victoria (named for former Prime Minister Bob Hawke), and the renaming of the existing Division of Corangamite to the Division of Tucker (in honour of Margaret Tucker, "a Yorta Yorta woman, for her significant work to create a more equal and understanding society for Aboriginal people").[48][49] When the AEC published its final determinations in June 2021, the abolition of Stirling[50] and creation of Hawke were confirmed,[51] but Corangamite would not be renamed to Tucker over concerns that it would be vandalised as "Fucker".[52]

Voter registration

Enrolment of eligible voters is compulsory. Voters must notify the AEC within 8 weeks of a change of address or after turning 18. The electoral rolls are closed for new enrolments or update of details about a week after the issue of writs for election.[53] Enrolment is optional for 16- or 17-year-olds, but they cannot vote until they turn 18,[54] and persons who have applied for Australian citizenship may also apply for provisional enrolment which takes effect on the granting of citizenship.[55] A total of 17,228,900 people were enrolled to vote in the election, which meant that 96.8% of all eligible Australians were enrolled on the electoral roll.[56]

Election date
See also: Electoral system of Australia § Election day
Election type Latest Saturday
Representatives only 3 September 2022
Half-senate only 21 May 2022
Representatives + half-senate 21 May 2022

Though federal elections must be conducted on a Saturday,[57] the date and type of federal election is determined by the Prime Minister – after a consideration of constitutional requirements, legal requirements, as well as political considerations – who advises the Governor-General to set the process in motion by dissolving the lower or both houses and issuing writs for election. The Constitution of Australia does not require simultaneous elections for the Senate and the House of Representatives, though simultaneous elections are held if an election for the House is called and a Senate half-election is due. When Prime Minister Robert Menzies called the November 1963 election, only the seats in the House of Representatives were vacated as it was too early to hold a half-senate election.[lower-alpha 5] Separate House of Representatives and Senate elections were then held until the electoral timetables were brought together again at the May 1974 election.[58] According to the Parliament of Australia's website, the "conventional wisdom now is that separate Senate elections result in poor Senate results for governments and should be avoided if governments wish not to have unfriendly Senates." The most recent House-only election took place in 1972, and the most recent Senate-only election took place in 1970. Simultaneous elections are required in the case of a double dissolution election that is called under section 57 of the Australian Constitution when the Senate twice refuses to pass legislation sent to it by the House of Representatives.[59] This happened most recently in 2016 when then-Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull utilised three double dissolution triggers to call an election for the full Senate as well as for the House of Representatives.[60] However, the existence of a double dissolution trigger does not mandate that the Prime Minister must advise that an election be called.[61]

An election for the House of Representatives can be called at any time before the expiration of the three-year term of the House of Representatives[62] or up to ten days thereafter.[63] The term of the House of Representatives started on the first sitting day of the House following its election, which in the case of the 46th Parliament was 2 July 2019. This meant that the term of the House of Representatives will expire on 1 July 2022 and a House of Representatives election must be called by 11 July 2022. The Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 (CEA) sets certain requirements. Up to 27 days must be allowed for nominations,[64] and the actual election can be set for a maximum of 31 days after close of nominations.[65] This will result in the latest election date for the House of Representatives to be before 7 September 2022, with the latest Saturday being 3 September 2022.

The election of senators must take place within one year before the terms expire for half-Senate elections,[66] so that the writs for a half-Senate election cannot be issued earlier than 1 July 2021. Since campaigns are for a minimum of 33 days, the earliest possible date for a simultaneous House/half-Senate election is Saturday, 7 August 2021.[67] The latest that a half-Senate election could be held must allow time for the votes to be counted and the writs to be returned before the newly elected senators take office on 1 July 2022. This took 41 days in 2019, and were returned on the last possible date available given the impending commencement of the new senators. Using this approximate time frame, the last possible date for a half-Senate election to take place is Saturday 21 May 2022.

A double dissolution (a deadlock-breaking provision to dissolve both houses of parliament) cannot take place within six months before the date of the expiry of the House of Representatives.[68] That means that any double dissolution of the 46th Parliament would have had to be granted by 1 January 2022. Allowing for the same stages indicated above, the last possible date for a double dissolution election would be 5 March 2022.[67] This can only occur if a bill that passes the House of Representatives is rejected by the Senate twice, at least three months apart.

The election was called by Morrison on 10 April 2022, when he visited the Governor-General advising the latter to prorogue Parliament and dissolve the House of Representatives. The Governor-General accepted Morrison's recommendations, as is the custom in Australia's Westminster system of government.[69][70] The Parliament was then prorogued and the House of Representatives dissolved the next morning.

The constitutional and legal provisions which impact on the choice of election dates include:[71]

  • Section 12 of the Constitution says: "The Governor of any State may cause writs to be issued for the election of Senators for that State".[72]
  • Section 13 of the Constitution provides that the election of senators shall be held in the period of twelve months before the places become vacant.[66]
  • Section 28 of the Constitution says: "Every House of Representatives shall continue for three years from the first sitting of the House, and no longer, but may be sooner dissolved by the Governor-General."[62] Since the 46th Parliament of Australia opened on 2 July 2019, it will expire on 1 July 2022.
  • Section 32 of the Constitution says: "The writs shall be issued within ten days from the expiry of a House of Representatives or from the proclamation of a dissolution thereof."[63] Ten days after 1 July 2022 is 11 July 2022.
  • Section 156(1) of the CEA says: "The date fixed for the nomination of the candidates shall not be less than 10 days nor more than 27 days after the date of the writ".[64] Twenty-seven days after 11 July 2022 is 7 August 2022.
  • Section 157 of the CEA says: "The date fixed for the polling shall not be less than 23 days nor more than 31 days after the date of nomination".[65] Thirty-one days after 7 August 2022 is 7 September 2022, a Wednesday.
  • Section 158 of the CEA says: "The day fixed for the polling shall be a Saturday".[57] The Saturday before 7 September 2022 is 3 September 2022. This is therefore the latest possible date for the lower house election.

Election timeline

On 10 April 2022, the office of the Governor-General released documents relating to the calling of the election. The documents set out a timeline of key dates for the election.[69][73]

  • 11 April – 9:29 am: Prorogation of the 46th Parliament
  • 11 April – 9:30 am: Dissolution of the House of Representatives
  • 11 April – Issue of writs
  • 18 April – Close of electoral rolls
  • 21 April – Close of candidate nominations
  • 22 April – Declaration of nominations
  • 9 May – Early voting commences
  • 18 May – Close of postal vote applications
  • 21 May – Polling day; commencement of terms for territory senators
  • 13 June – Last day for receipt of declaration votes
  • 28 June – Return of writs (last day)
  • 1 July – Commencement of terms for state senators

The election period included three national public holidays: Good Friday (15 April), Easter Monday (18 April) and Anzac Day (25 April), as well as May Day and Labour Day in Northern Territory and Queensland, respectively, both falling on 2 May.

Campaign events

Leaders' debates
2022 Australian federal election debates
No. Date and time Organiser Location Moderator  P  Participant  A  Absent (invited)  I  Invited  N  Not invited Source
Scott Morrison Anthony Albanese
1 20 April 2022
7:00 pm AEST		 Sky News Australia,
Courier Mail		 The Gabba, Brisbane Kieran Gilbert P P [74][75]
2 8 May 2022
8:30 pm AEST		 Nine Network
Channel 9 Studios, Sydney Sarah Abo I I [76]
3 11 May 2022
TBD		 Seven Network
TBD Mark Riley I I [77]

The first leaders' debate was held in Brisbane in front of 100 undecided voters. Moderated by Sky News reporter Kieran Gilbert, Albanese was declared the winner, with 40 votes to Morrison's 35 and 25 still undecided.[78] The first debate had 415,000 viewers.[79]

The second leaders' debate will be held at the Nine Studios in Sydney on Sunday, 8 May at 8:30pm AEST. The debate will be moderated by 60 Minutes journalist, Sarah Abo, with Channel 9 political editor Chris Uhlmann, Sydney Morning Herald chief political correspondent David Crowe and radio host Deb Knight asking questions of the leaders. The debate will be broadcast on the Nine Network's main free-to-air channel, the network's streaming service 9Now and the websites of the newspapers owned by the network, The Age and The Sydney Morning Herald. [79]

The third and final leaders' debate will be held on Wednesday, 11 May on Channel Seven. Channel 7's political editor Mark Riley will moderate the debate. The format for the debate, location and the official starting time is unknown, however it will be broadcast in a prime-time slot on the network's main free-to-air channel.

The ABC pushed for a debate on their free-to-air channel, radio and websites in the lead-up to polling day, however, Morrison and Albanese accepted a debate on Channel Seven rather than on the ABC.

Campaign
  • 11 April:
    • Labor Opposition Leader Anthony Albanese was unable to state the cash or unemployment rates.[80][81]
    • Liberal Leader Scott Morrison said he supported Tasmanian Liberal Claire Chandler private member’s legislation allowing sporting groups to exclude transgender people from single-sex sports.[82]
  • 13 April: Labor said they wouldn't commit to an increase in Jobseeker payment after the election if they win.[83][84]
  • 14 April: Morrison said that his priorities were about jobs when questioned on whether he would propose a federal integrity commission.[85]
  • 16 April:
    • Albanese said he would commit to an anti-corruption watchdog should Labor win the election.[86]
    • The United Australia Party election campaign launch was held.[87]
  • 19 April: Shadow Minister Bill Shorten said he would commit to a review of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), aimed at streamlining service.[88]
  • 20 April:
    • Morrison continued to support his "captain's pick" to contest the seat of Warringah, Katherine Deves, despite her negative comments about transgender and surrogacy issues.[89]
    • First Leaders debate in Brisbane happened in front of 100 undecided voters, with Albanese declared the winner, with 40 votes to Morrison’s 35 and 25 still undecided.[90]
  • 21 April:
    • Morrison apologised for a comment ("Jenny and I have been blessed, we've got two children that haven't had to go through that [NDIS]"), which he had made during a debate the day before, after criticisms from disability advocates and Labor.[91]
    • Albanese tested positive for COVID-19 and thus would be unable to campaign in person for seven days.[92]
  • 22 April: Former Liberal foreign minister Julie Bishop and former defence chief Chris Barrie criticised the Morrison government for not doing enough to stop the Solomon Islands' security pact with China.[93]
  • 29 April: Albanese came out of COVID isolation.
  • 30 April: Shorten said Labor would hold a royal commission into Robodebt if elected.[94]
  • 1 May: The Labor election campaign launch was held in Perth.

Preferences

Although ballot preferences are free for voters to decide, political parties usually make agreements as to how they would instruct their voters to rank candidates from other political parties, through a "how-to-vote card" distributed by campaign volunteers.[95][96] Pauline Hanson's One Nation has said it will recommend that voters direct their preferences to Labor in five seats—North Sydney, Goldstein, Sturt and Bass—all held by moderate Liberals.[97]

The Liberal National Party of Queensland will recommend that those who vote for its candidates direct their preferences to One Nation in the Senate and key Queensland seats.[98][99] The Greens will recommend its voters to direct their preferences to Labor above the Coalition and minor right-wing parties such as the United Australia Party and One Nation for the House of Representatives and Senate, with preferences also recommended to be directed to independents endorsed by the various Voices groups in Liberal-held seats such as Goldstein, Mackellar, North Sydney, and Wentworth.[100]

Candidates
Main article: Candidates of the 2022 Australian federal election

Candidates for either house must have been formally nominated with the Electoral Commission. The nomination for a party-endorsed candidate must be signed by the Registered Officer of a party registered under the Electoral Act. Fifty signatures of eligible voters are required for an independent candidate. A candidate can nominate for only one electorate, and must pass a number of qualifications.

A deposit of $2,000 was required for a candidate for the House of Representatives or the Senate, which is refunded if the candidate is elected or gains at least 4% of the first preference vote.[101][102] Between 10 and 27 days must be allowed after the issue of writs before the close of nominations.[64] At the close of nominations a total of 1,624 candidates had stood for election, of which 1,203 were House of Representatives candidates and 421 were Senate candidates.[103]

Parties
See also: List of Australian political parties

The table below lists the parties represented in the parliament at the time the 46th Parliament of Australia was prorogued on 11 April 2022.

Name Ideology Party leader House seats Senate seats
Coalition[lower-alpha 6] Liberal Party Liberal conservatism Scott Morrison
75 / 151
[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 7]
35 / 76
National Party Conservatism Barnaby Joyce
Australian Labor Party Social democracy Anthony Albanese
68 / 151
[lower-alpha 2]
26 / 76
Australian Greens Green politics Adam Bandt
1 / 151
9 / 76
Pauline Hanson's One Nation Right-wing populism Pauline Hanson
0 / 151
2 / 76
Centre Alliance Social liberalism None
1 / 151
1 / 76
Katter's Australian Party Agrarianism None[lower-alpha 8]
1 / 151
0 / 76
United Australia Party Right-wing populism Craig Kelly
1 / 151
0 / 76
Jacqui Lambie Network – Jacqui Lambie
0 / 151
1 / 76
Rex Patrick Team – Rex Patrick
0 / 151
1 / 76
Liberal Democratic Party Libertarianism None
0 / 151
1 / 76
Independents[lower-alpha 9] – –
4 / 151
0 / 76

Retiring members

The seat of Spence (SA) was vacant following the resignation of Nick Champion (Labor) on 22 February 2022 to contest the South Australian state election. A Senate seat in New South Wales was vacant following the resignation of Kristina Keneally (Labor) on 11 April 2022 to contest the lower house seat of Fowler in the election. A second Senate seat in Western Australia was vacant following the resignation on 15 April 2022 of Ben Small (Liberal), who had discovered that he was ineligible on the grounds of duel citizenship. Having renounced his New Zealand citizenship, Small contested the election. George Christensen (Independent) is not contesting his seat of Division of Dawson but will still be contesting the election in the Senate for One Nation.

The following Members of Parliament (MPs) and Senators are not contesting the election.

Labor

Liberal

Nationals

Election pendulum (House of Representatives)

This Mackerras pendulum includes new notional margin estimates in Victoria and Western Australia due to boundary redistributions.[125] Members in italics have declared they will not contest their seats at the election, or have lost their party's preselection.

Government seats (74)
Marginal
Bass Tas Bridget Archer LIB 0.4
Chisholm Vic Gladys Liu LIB 0.5
Wentworth NSW Dave Sharma LIB vs. IND 1.3
Boothby SA Nicolle Flint LIB 1.4
Braddon Tas Gavin Pearce LIB 3.1
Reid NSW Fiona Martin LIB 3.2
Longman Qld Terry Young LNP 3.3
Swan WA Steve Irons LIB 3.3
Higgins Vic Katie Allen LIB 3.7
Leichhardt Qld Warren Entsch LNP 4.2
Robertson NSW Lucy Wicks LIB 4.2
Casey Vic Tony Smith LIB 4.6
Dickson Qld Peter Dutton LNP 4.6
Deakin Vic Michael Sukkar LIB 4.7
Brisbane Qld Trevor Evans LNP 4.9
Lindsay NSW Melissa McIntosh LIB 5.0
Pearce WA Christian Porter LIB 5.2
La Trobe Vic Jason Wood LIB 5.5
Flinders Vic Greg Hunt LIB 5.6
Kooyong Vic Josh Frydenberg LIB vs. GRN 5.6
Hasluck WA Ken Wyatt LIB 5.8
Fairly safe
Ryan Qld Julian Simmonds LNP 6.0
Banks NSW David Coleman LIB 6.3
Cowper NSW Pat Conaghan NAT vs. IND 6.8
Sturt SA James Stevens LIB 6.9
Monash Vic Russell Broadbent LIB 6.9
Bennelong NSW John Alexander LIB 6.9
Menzies Vic Kevin Andrews LIB 7.0
Bonner Qld Ross Vasta LNP 7.4
Goldstein Vic Tim Wilson LIB 7.8
Herbert Qld Phillip Thompson LIB 8.4
Petrie Qld Luke Howarth LNP 8.4
Forde Qld Bert Van Manen LNP 8.6
Flynn Qld Ken O'Dowd LNP 8.7
North Sydney NSW Trent Zimmerman LIB 9.3
Page NSW Kevin Hogan NAT 9.4
Tangney WA Ben Morton LIB 9.5
Safe
Aston Vic Alan Tudge LIB 10.1
Wannon Vic Dan Tehan LIB 10.2
Bowman Qld Andrew Laming LNP 10.2
Farrer NSW Sussan Ley LIB vs. IND 10.9
Canning WA Andrew Hastie LIB 11.6
Moore WA Ian Goodenough LIB 11.6
McPherson Qld Karen Andrews LNP 12.2
Capricornia Qld Michelle Landry LNP 12.4
Fisher Qld Andrew Wallace LNP 12.7
Hume NSW Angus Taylor LIB 13.0
Wide Bay Qld Llew O'Brien LNP 13.1
Mackellar NSW Jason Falinski LIB 13.2
Calare NSW Andrew Gee NAT 13.3
Grey SA Rowan Ramsey LIB 13.3
Fairfax Qld Ted O'Brien LNP 13.4
Durack WA Melissa Price LIB 13.5
Curtin WA Celia Hammond LIB 14.0
Fadden Qld Stuart Robert LNP 14.2
New England NSW Barnaby Joyce NAT vs. IND 14.4
Hinkler Qld Keith Pitt LNP 14.5
Forrest WA Nola Marino LIB 14.6
Wright Qld Scott Buchholz LNP 14.6
Lyne NSW David Gillespie NAT 15.2
Moncrieff Qld Angie Bell LNP 15.4
O'Connor WA Rick Wilson LIB 15.4
Berowra NSW Julian Leeser LIB 15.6
Mallee Vic Anne Webster NAT 15.7
Bradfield NSW Paul Fletcher LIB 16.6
Gippsland Vic Darren Chester NAT 16.7
Parkes NSW Mark Coulton NAT 16.9
Groom Qld Garth Hamilton LNP (b/e) 17.2
Mitchell NSW Alex Hawke LIB 18.6
Barker SA Tony Pasin LIB 18.9
Cook NSW Scott Morrison LIB 19.0
Riverina NSW Michael McCormack NAT 19.5
Nicholls Vic Damian Drum NAT 20.0
Maranoa Qld David Littleproud LNP vs PHON 22.5
Opposition seats (69)
Marginal
Macquarie NSW Susan Templeman ALP 0.2
Eden-Monaro NSW Kristy McBain ALP (b/e) 0.4
Lilley Qld Anika Wells ALP 0.6
Cowan WA Anne Aly ALP 0.9
Corangamite Vic Libby Coker ALP 1.0
Blair Qld Shayne Neumann ALP 1.2
Dobell NSW Emma McBride ALP 1.5
Moreton Qld Graham Perrett ALP 1.9
Gilmore NSW Fiona Phillips ALP 2.6
Dunkley Vic Peta Murphy ALP 2.7
Greenway NSW Michelle Rowland ALP 2.8
Griffith Qld Terri Butler ALP 2.9
Hunter NSW Joel Fitzgibbon ALP 3.0
Solomon NT Luke Gosling ALP 3.1
Perth WA Patrick Gorman ALP 3.2
Parramatta NSW Julie Owens ALP 3.5
Richmond NSW Justine Elliot ALP 4.1
Shortland NSW Pat Conroy ALP 4.4
Paterson NSW Meryl Swanson ALP 5.0
Lyons Tas Brian Mitchell ALP 5.2
McEwen Vic Rob Mitchell ALP 5.3
Burt WA Matt Keogh ALP 5.4
Lingiari NT Warren Snowdon ALP 5.5
Werriwa NSW Anne Stanley ALP 5.5
Jagajaga Vic Kate Thwaites ALP 5.9
Fairly safe
Macnamara Vic Josh Burns ALP 6.1
Isaacs Vic Mark Dreyfus ALP 6.4
Oxley Qld Milton Dick ALP 6.4
Rankin Qld Jim Chalmers ALP 6.4
Hindmarsh SA Mark Butler ALP 6.5
McMahon NSW Chris Bowen ALP 6.6
Brand WA Madeleine King ALP 6.7
Fremantle WA Josh Wilson ALP 6.9
Bruce Vic Julian Hill ALP 7.3
Bean ACT David Smith ALP 7.5
Adelaide SA Steve Georganas ALP 8.2
Wills Vic Peter Khalil ALP vs. GRN 8.2
Macarthur NSW Mike Freelander ALP 8.4
Kingsford Smith NSW Matt Thistlethwaite ALP 8.8
Holt Vic Anthony Byrne ALP 8.9
Bendigo Vic Lisa Chesters ALP 8.9
Barton NSW Linda Burney ALP 9.4
Makin SA Tony Zappia ALP 9.7
Safe
Hawke Vic new seat ALP 10.2
Ballarat Vic Catherine King ALP 10.3
Maribyrnong Vic Bill Shorten ALP 10.3
Corio Vic Richard Marles ALP 10.3
Fenner ACT Andrew Leigh ALP 10.6
Whitlam NSW Stephen Jones ALP 10.9
Hotham Vic Clare O'Neil ALP 11.2
Kingston SA Amanda Rishworth ALP 11.9
Franklin Tas Julie Collins ALP 12.2
Chifley NSW Ed Husic ALP 12.4
Lalor Vic Joanne Ryan ALP 12.4
Gellibrand Vic Tim Watts ALP 13.0
Cunningham NSW Sharon Bird ALP 13.4
Watson NSW Tony Burke ALP 13.5
Newcastle NSW Sharon Claydon ALP 13.8
Fowler NSW Chris Hayes ALP 14.0
Spence SA Nick Champion ALP 14.1
Gorton Vic Brendan O'Connor ALP 14.3
Cooper Vic Ged Kearney ALP vs. GRN 14.6
Blaxland NSW Jason Clare ALP 14.7
Grayndler NSW Anthony Albanese ALP vs. GRN 16.3
Canberra ACT Alicia Payne ALP 17.1
Fraser Vic Daniel Mulino ALP 18.1
Sydney NSW Tanya Plibersek ALP 18.7
Calwell Vic Maria Vamvakinou ALP 19.6
Scullin Vic Andrew Giles ALP 21.7
Crossbench seats (8)
Indi Vic Helen Haines IND vs. LIB 1.4
Mayo SA Rebekha Sharkie CA vs. LIB 5.1
Warringah NSW Zali Steggall IND vs. LIB 7.2
Hughes NSW Craig Kelly LIB 9.9
Kennedy Qld Bob Katter KAP vs. LNP 13.3
Dawson Qld George Christensen LNP 14.6
Melbourne Vic Adam Bandt GRN vs. LIB 21.8
Clark Tas Andrew Wilkie IND vs. ALP 22.1

Opinion polling
This section is an excerpt from Opinion polling for the 2022 Australian federal election § Graphical summary.[edit]
Two-party-preferred vote
Primary vote
Aggregate data of voting intention from all opinion polling since the last federal election. Local regression trends for each party are shown as solid lines, and are weighted by sample size.

See also

Notes
  1. This number includes the Division of Stirling, which will be abolished in this election.
  2. This number includes the Division of Spence, which was last held by Labor's Nick Champion until his resignation in February 2022. A by-election was not held as it would be too close to the federal election.[6]
  3. This number does not include the newly created Division of Hawke, contested in this election, which is notionally Labor.
  4. Robbie Katter is party leader but is not contesting the federal election or a member of the Commonwealth parliament. Robbie Katter sits as an MP in the Parliament of Queensland for Traeger.
  5. Under section 13 of the Australian Constitution, a half-senate election must be held within the year prior to the expiry of those Senators' terms. The Senators elected in the 1958 election began their terms on 1 July 1959 and would serve until 30 June 1965, thus a half-senate election for those positions could not be held prior to 1 July 1964.
  6. The Coalition formally comprises the Liberal Party and National Party. Federal parliamentary members of the Liberal National Party of Queensland and Country Liberal Party (Northern Territory) sit in the party room of either the Liberal or National parties, according to the individual members' preference or internal party arrangements.
  7. This number reflects the departures of Craig Kelly from the Liberal Party in February 2021 and George Christensen from the Liberal National Party in April 2022.
  8. Robbie Katter is party leader but is not contesting the federal election.
  9. Independents who sat in the House of Representatives as of the end of the parliamentary term: Andrew Wilkie, Helen Haines, Zali Steggall and George Christensen

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  122. Damien Drum MP [@damiandrummp] (3 December 2021). "After much consideration, I have made the decision to not contest next year's federal election. #regionsmatter #improud" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  123. Moore, Georgie; Giannini, Dominic (3 December 2021). "Nationals MP Damian Drum to retire at poll". Canberra Times. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
  124. Bowe, William (16 January 2021). "Kelly's zeroes". Poll Bludger. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  125. Green, Antony (2 August 2021). "2022 Federal Electoral Pendulum". Antony Green's Election. Archived from the original on 3 August 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
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