1974 in spaceflight

On March 29, 1974 Mariner 10 became the first spacecraft to fly by Mercury, that saw a spacecraft for the first and last time in the 20th century.

1974 in spaceflight
Soyuz-U launch vehicle
Orbital launches
First5 January
Last2 December


Launches
Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)		 Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

January

5 January
01:45		 Aerobee 200A White Sands NASA
NASA Sub-orbital Aeronomy/Ultraviolet astronomy5 January 1974Successful
8 January
01:40		 Aerobee 200A White Sands NASA
NASA/NRL Sub-orbital Aeronomy/Ultraviolet astronomy8 January 1974Successful
12 January
19:12		 Skylark El Arenosillo NASA
H-GR-58 DFVLR Sub-orbital Astronomy12 Jan 1974Successful
12 January R-36 Baikonur (LC-162/36) RVSN
Dkh RVSN Sub-orbital ICBM test12 January 1974Successful
15 January
20:00		 Black Brant VC White Sands (LC-36) NASA
NASA Sub-orbital Solar research15 January 1974Successful
16 January
02:00		 Kappa 9M Kagoshima (LC-36) ISAS
ISAS Sub-orbital Ionosphere & Solar research16 January 1974Successful
16 January
17:40		 Nike Apache Wallops Island NASA
NASA Sub-orbital Aeronomy16 January 1974Successful
16 January
18:13		 Super Arcas Wallops Island NASA
NASA Sub-orbital Ionosphere research16 January 1974Successful
16 January
01:40		 Aerobee 200A White Sands NASA
NASA Sub-orbital Solar research16 January 1974Successful
17 January
02:37		 Nike Tomahawk Poker Flat NASA
NASA/NRL Sub-orbital Plasma research17 January 1974Successful
17 January
02:37		 Kosmos 3M Plesetsk (LC-132/2) VKS
Kosmos 628 (Tsiklon) MOM LEO NavigationIn orbitSuccessful
19 January
01:38		 Delta 2313 CCAFS (LC-17B) UK Ministry of Defence
Skynet 2A UK MOD Intended: GEO Achieved: LEO Comms25 January 1974Failure
Placed in incorrect orbit due to carrier rocket malfunction
19 January
11:34		 Skua El Arenosillo RAE
RAE Sub-orbital Ionosphere research19 January 1974Success
19 January R-36M LC-103, Baikonur RVSN
POR RVSN Sub-orbital ICBM Test20 January 1974Success
21 January
02:39		 Nike Tomahawk Poker Flat NASA
NASA Sub-orbital Plasma research21 January 1974Success
21 January
11:30		 Skua4 El Arenosillo RAE
RAE Sub-orbital Ionosphere research21 January 1974Success
22 January
02:41		 Nike Tomahawk Poker Flat NASA
NASA Sub-orbital Plasma research22 January 1974Success
22 January
11:00		 Lambda 3H Area 3L, Kagoshima ISAS
ISAS Sub-orbital X-ray astronomy22 January 1974Success
22 January
01:40		 Aerobee 200A White Sands NASA
NASA/NRL Sub-orbital Solar research22 January 1974Successful
22 January
01:40		 Minuteman I LF-06, Vandenberg AFB USAF
USAF Sub-orbital ICBM test22 January 1974Successful
23 January
11:30		 Skua El Arenosillo RAE
RAE Sub-orbital Ionosphere research23 January 1974Success
23 January
12:50		 Black Brant VB Churchill NRC
NRC Sub-orbital Aeronomy/Ionosphere/Aurora research23 January 1974Success
24 January
15:00		 Voskhod Plesetsk MOM
Kosmos 629 (Zenit-2M) MOM LEO Recon5 February 1974Success
25 January
11:30		 Skua El Arenosillo RAE
RAE Sub-orbital Ionosphere research25 January 1974Success
25 January UR-100N Baikonur Cosmodrome RVSN
RVSN Sub-orbital ICBM test25 January 1974Success
26 January Minuteman III LF-25, Vandenberg AFB USAF
GT-24GB-1 USAF Sub-orbital ICBM test26 January 1974Success
26 January UR-100N Baikonur Cosmodrome RVSN
GT-24GB-1 RVSN Sub-orbital ICBM test26 January 1974Success
27 January
19:08		 Nike Tomahawk Andøya NASA
Ferdinand 35 (Polar 3) NDRE Sub-orbital Aurora research27 January 1974Success
30 January
11:00		 Voskhod Plesetsk MOM
Kosmos 630 (Zenit-4MK) MOM LEO Aurora research13 February 1974Success
30 January SSBS BLB, Biscarosse DMA
DMA Sub-orbital Aurora research30 January 1974Success

February

1 February
06:30		 JCR Area T, Tanegashima NADSA
Kosmos 547 (Zenit 2M) NASDA Sub-orbital Test flight1 February 1974Successful
4 February
14:40		 Skylark 6AC LA-2SL, Woomera BAC
BAC Sub-orbital Astronomy4 February 1974Successful
4 February MR-UR-100 LC-177, Baikonur RVSN
RVSN Sub-orbital ICBM test4 February 1974Successful
6 February
00:34		 Kosmos-3M LC-132/2, Plesetsk VKS
Kosmos 631 (Tselina-O) VKS LEO ELINT3 October 1980Successful
6 February
22:48		 Black Brant IVB Andoya DLR
DLR Sub-orbital Aurora research (DLR A-BB4-63 Auroral mission)6 February 1974Successful
6 February Polaris A3 Submarine, WTR US Navy
US Navy Sub-orbital SLBM test6 February 1974Successful
6 February Polaris A3 Submarine, WTR US Navy
US Navy Sub-orbital SLBM test6 February 1974Successful
9 February
02:10		 Aerobee 200A White Sands NASA
NASA Sub-orbital Astronomy9 February 1974Successful
9 February
06:30		 LS-C Area T, Tanegashima NASDA
NASDA Sub-orbital Test flight9 February 1974Successful
11 February
13:48		 Titan IIIE/Centaur LC-41, CCAFS NASA
Boilerplate NASA Intended: GSO Test carrier rocket12 February 1974Failure
Viking NASA Intended: GSO Plasma research12 February 1974Failure
Upper stage turbopump malfunction
18 February Scout D-1 San Marco mobile range, Kenya CRS
San Marco 4 CRS / NASA Low Earth AtmosphericIn orbitSuccessful


March

April

May

June

July

3 July Soyuz (11A511) LC-1/5, Baikonur
Soyuz 14 LEO, docked to Salyut 3 Crewed orbital flight19 July 1974Successful
16 July Scout Western Space and Missile Center at Vandenberg AFB NASA
Aeros 2 NASA  

August

28 August
10:08		 Soyuz (11A511) LC-1/5, Baikonur
Soyuz 15 LEO Plan: Dock to Salyut 3 Crewed orbital flight28 August 1974Failure
Failed to dock with Salyut 3

September

October

15 October
07:47		 Scout B-1 San Marco mobile range, Kenya CRS
Ariel 5 SERC / NASA Low Earth X-ray astronomy14 March 1980Successful

November

December

2 December
15:00		 Soyuz-U (11A511U) LC-1/5, Baikonur
Soyuz 16 LEO Crewed orbital flight8 December 1974Successful
First successful crewed use of Soyuz-U launch vehicle
10 December
07:11:01		 Titan IIIE/Star-37 Cape Canaveral SLC-41 NASA
Helios-A NASA / DFVLR Heliocentric Solar probeIn orbitSuccessful
Achieved a closest approach to the Sun of 46.5 million km (0.31 AU) in February 1975, the closest approach achieved by an artificial satellite at that point; it was succeeded later by Helios-B.

Deep Space Rendezvous
Date (GMT) Spacecraft Event Remarks
5 FebruaryMariner 10Flyby of VenusGravity assist; Closest approach: 5,768 kilometres (3,584 mi)
10 FebruaryMars 4Flyby of MarsClosest approach: 2,200 kilometres (1,400 mi) (orbiter mission)
12 FebruaryMars 5Areocentric orbit injection
9 MarchMars 7Lander missed mars by 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
12 MarchMars 6Lander lost a few seconds before anticipated landing
29 MarchMariner 101st flyby of MercuryClosest approach: 703 kilometres (437 mi)
2 JuneLuna 22Selenocentric orbit injectionPhotographic mission
21 SeptemberMariner 102nd flyby of MercuryClosest approach: 48,069 kilometres (29,869 mi)
2 NovemberLuna 23Landed rough at Mare Crisium, the MoonSample return mission
3 DecemberPioneer 11Flyby of JupiterGravity assist; Closest approach: 42,960 kilometres (26,690 mi)

EVAs
Start Date/Time Duration End Time Spacecraft Crew Remarks
3 February
15:19		 5 hours
19 minutes		 20:38 Skylab
SLM-3		 Gerald P. Carr
Edward Gibson		 Retrieved the final film from the solar observatory and photographed Kohoutek using an electronographic camera.

References
Generic references:
 Spaceflight portal
  • Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
  • Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
  • Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.
  • Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
  • Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report".
  • McDowell, Jonathan. "Jonathan's Space Report".
  • Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
  • Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
  • Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
  • Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
  • "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
  • "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
  • "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
  • "Space Information Center". JAXA.
  • "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).

Footnotes
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