1690
1690 (MDCXC) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1690th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 690th year of the 2nd millennium, the 90th year of the 17th century, and the 1st year of the 1690s decade. As of the start of 1690, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1690 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Works category |
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| Gregorian calendar | 1690 MDCXC |
| Ab urbe condita | 2443 |
| Armenian calendar | 1139 ԹՎ ՌՃԼԹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6440 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1611–1612 |
| Bengali calendar | 1097 |
| Berber calendar | 2640 |
| English Regnal year | 2 Will. & Mar. – 3 Will. & Mar. |
| Buddhist calendar | 2234 |
| Burmese calendar | 1052 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7198–7199 |
| Chinese calendar | 己巳年 (Earth Snake) 4386 or 4326 — to — 庚午年 (Metal Horse) 4387 or 4327 |
| Coptic calendar | 1406–1407 |
| Discordian calendar | 2856 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1682–1683 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5450–5451 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1746–1747 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1611–1612 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4790–4791 |
| Holocene calendar | 11690 |
| Igbo calendar | 690–691 |
| Iranian calendar | 1068–1069 |
| Islamic calendar | 1101–1102 |
| Japanese calendar | Genroku 3 (元禄３年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1613–1614 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 10 days |
| Korean calendar | 4023 |
| Minguo calendar | 222 before ROC 民前222年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 222 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2232–2233 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴土蛇年 (female Earth-Snake) 1816 or 1435 or 663 — to — 阳金马年 (male Iron-Horse) 1817 or 1436 or 664 |
Events
January–March
- January 2 – The Ottoman Empire defeats Serbian rebels and Austrian troops in battle at Kaçanik Gorge, prompting more than 30,000 Serb refugees to flee northward from Kosovo, Macedonia and Sandžak to the Austrian Empire.
- January 6 – At the age of 11 years old, Prince Joseph, son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, is named as the "King of the Romans", the next in line to become the Emperor. Upon his father's death in 1705, Joseph becomes the new Holy Roman Emperor.
- January 7 – The first recorded full peal is rung, at St Sepulchre-without-Newgate in the City of London, marking a new era in change ringing.
- January 27 –
- The crew of the ship HMS Welfare, commanded by John Strong, becomes the first European people to land at the Falkland Islands. [1]
- The Convention Parliament is dissolved in England.
- February 3 – The Massachusetts Bay Colony issues the first paper money in North America.
- February 6 – King William III of England calls for new elections for the 512-member House of Commons
- March 20 – The 2nd Parliament of William III and Mary II is assembled in London, split almost equally with 243 Whigs, 241 Tories, and 28 independent members.
April–June
- April 6 – Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor issues a document inviting Serbians to resettle in Hungary, at the time a part of the Empire. [2]
- April 16 – An estimated 8.0 magnitude earthquake strikes in the Caribbean Sea less than 10 miles (16 km) from the island of Barbuda and also affects St. Kitts and Nevis, as well as Antigua. [3]
- April 25 – The Parliament of Scotland passes an Act to abolish the Anglican Scottish Episcopy as separate from the jurisdiction of the Church of England. The presbyterian Church of Scotland continues to exist as a separate, non-Anglican denomination.
- April 27 – Sultan Toloko ibn-Sibori becomes the new Sultan of Ternate, located on the Maluku Islands in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) after the death of his father, Sultan Sibori Amsterdam.
- May 16 – The Battle of Port Royal takes place in Nova Scotia (in what is now Canada) after an invasion by a militia of 446 soldiers and 226 sailors from the Massachusetts Bay Colony (in what is now the United States) on seven warships. With only 90 French colonial soldiers to defend Port-Royal, Acadian Governor Louis-Alexandre des Friches de Menneval surrenders before the end of the day. The site is now Annapolis Royal.
- May 20 – England passes the Act of Grace, forgiving followers of the deposed James II.
- June 14 – King William III of England (William of Orange) lands in Ireland, to confront James II.
- June 8 – Siddi general Yadi Sakat razes the Mazagon Fort in Mumbai.
July–September
- July 10 – Battle of Beachy Head (also known as the Battle of Bévéziers): The Anglo-Dutch navy is defeated by the French, giving rise to fears of a Jacobite invasion of England.[4]
- July 11 – Battle of the Boyne, north of Dublin: King William III of England (William of Orange) defeats the deposed James II, who returns to exile in France.[5][6][7] The rebellion in Ireland continues for a further year until the Orange army gains full control.
- July 26 – A French landing party raids and burns Teignmouth in Devon, England. However, with the loss of James II's position in Ireland, any plans for a real invasion are soon shelved, and Teignmouth is the last French attack on England.
- August 24 – In India, the fort and trading settlement of Sutanuti (which later becomes Calcutta) is founded on the Hooghly River by the English East India Company, following the signing of an Anglo-Moghul treaty.[6]
- September 25 – The only issue of Publick Occurrences is published in Boston, Massachusetts, before being suppressed by the colonial authorities.
October–December
- October 6–12 – Massachusetts Puritans, led by Sir William Phips, besiege the city of Quebec; the siege ends in failure.
- October 8 – Great Turkish War: The Ottomans recapture Belgrade.
- November 17 – Barclays, now a multinational bank and lending institution, is founded in London by John Freame and Thomas Gould as Freame & Gould. The bank changes its name in 1736 when James Barclay becomes a partner.
- December 13 – The planet Uranus is first sighted and recorded, by England's first Astronomer Royal, John Flamsteed, who mistakenly catalogs it as a star 34 Tauri. [8] Sir William Herschel identifies the object more than 90 years later as the seventh planet after confirming its gradual change of position, making his observation on March 13, 1781.
- December 20 – Tsar Peter the Great decrees that the Russian calendar will have the New Year's Day to start on January 1 rather than September 1, effective January 1, 1692. On the Russian calendar (which still used the Julian system at that time, 10 days behind the Gregorian calendar which would be adopted more than 200 years later), 1691 began on what would now be considered September 11, 1690.
- December 29 – An earthquake hits Ancona, in the Papal States of Italy and causes ten deaths. [9]
Date unknown
- Serbian Patriarch Arsenije III Carnojevic leads the first of the two Great Serbian Migrations into the Habsburg Empire, following Ottoman atrocities in Kosovo.
- The Hearth Tax is abolished in Scotland, one year after its abolition in England and Wales.
- French physicist Denis Papin, while in Leipzig and having observed the mechanical power of atmospheric pressure on his 'digester', builds a working model of a reciprocating steam engine for pumping water, the first of its kind, though not efficient.
- Giovanni Domenico Cassini observes differential rotation within Jupiter's atmosphere.
- The Barrage Vauban, a defensive work in the city of Strasbourg (in present-day France), is completed.[10]
- Possible year of the disappearance of the western part of the island of Buise, in St. Peter's Flood.
Births
- January 22 – Nicolas Lancret, French painter (d. 1743)
- February 1 – Francesco Maria Veracini, Italian composer (d. 1768)
- February 3 – Richard Rawlinson, English minister, antiquarian (d. 1755)
- February 17 – Samuel Phillips (reverend), colonial American minister, 1st Pastor of the South Church in Andover (d. 1771)
- March 18 – Christian Goldbach, Prussian mathematician (d. 1764)
- April 22 – John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville, English statesman (d. 1763)
- September 12 – Peter Dens, Belgian Catholic theologian (d. 1775)
- October 28 – Peder Tordenskjold, Norwegian naval hero (d. 1720)
- October 29 – Martin Folkes, English antiquarian (d. 1754)
- November 24 – Charles Theodore Pachelbel, German composer (d. 1750)
- November 29 – Christian Augustus of Anhalt-Zerbst, father of Catherine II of Russia (d. 1747)
- December 1 – Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, Lord Chancellor of England (d. 1764)
- December 22 – Meidingu Pamheiba, King of Manipur (d. 1751)
- date unknown – Thomas Carter, Irish politician (d. 1763)
Deaths
- January 3 – Hillel ben Naphtali Zevi, Lithuanian rabbi (b. 1615)
- February 6 – Jan van Buken, Flemish painter (b. 1635)
- February 7 – Sir William Morice, 1st Baronet, English royalist statesman (b. c. 1628)
- February 9 – John Louis, Count of Nassau-Ottweiler (b. 1625)
- February 22 – Charles Le Brun, French artist (b. 1619)
- February 23 – Elizabeth Walker, English pharmacist (b. 1623)
- March 18 – Sir William Portman, 6th Baronet, English politician (b. 1643)
- April 16 – Gesina ter Borch, Dutch Golden Age painter (b. 1633)
- April 18 – Charles V, Duke of Lorraine, Austrian-born general of the Holy Roman Empire (b. 1643)
- April 20 – Duchess Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria (b. 1660)
- April 21 – Jacob de Graeff, member of the De Graeff-family from the Dutch Golden Age (b. 1642)
- April 25 – David Teniers the Younger, Flemish artist (b. 1610)
- April 28 – Étienne Le Hongre, French sculptor (b. 1628)
- May 9
- Theodore Haak, German-born scholar (b. 1605)
- Abraham Wright, English theological writer and deacon (b. 1611)
- May 21 – John Eliot, English Puritan missionary (b. 1604)
- May 26 – Samuel Lincoln, American colonial ancestor of Abraham Lincoln (b. 1622)
- May 27 – Giovanni Legrenzi, Italian composer (b. 1626)
- July 1
- Frederick Schomberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg (b. 1615)
- George Walker, Irish soldier and Anglican priest (b. 1645)
- July 21
- Gregorio Carafa, Calabrian-born 62nd Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1615)
- Cristobal of Saint Catherine, Spanish Catholic priest (b. 1638)
- August 10 – Johannes Spilberg, Dutch painter (b. 1619)
- August 20 – Alexander von Bournonville, Flemish noble and general (b. 1616)
- September 2 – Philip William, Elector Palatine, German-born ruler (b. 1615)
- September 5 – Gottfried Welsch, German physician (b. 1618)
- October 3 – Robert Barclay, Scottish writer (b. c. 1648)
- October 7 – Jacques Savary, successful French merchant (b. 1622)
- October 9 – Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton (b. 1663)
- October 15 – Juan de Valdés Leal, Spanish painter and etcher (b. 1622)
- October 17 – Margaret Mary Alacoque, French mystic (b. 1647)
- October 20 – Sir Henry Felton, 2nd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (b. 1619)
- October 23
- Thomas Minor, American city founder (b. 1608)
- Antonie Waterloo, Flemish painter (b. 1609)
- October 25 – Cornelius Hazart, Dutch Jesuit priest, polemical author (b. 1617)
- October 30 – Hieronymus van Beverningh, Dutch diplomat and politician (b. 1614)
- November 3 – Nicholas Delves, English politician (b. 1618)
- November 17 – Charles de Sainte-Maure, duc de Montausier, French soldier (b. 1610)
- December 16 – Louise Elisabeth of Courland, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (b. 1646)
References
- Robert K. Headland, A Chronology of Antarctic Exploration (Quaritch, 2009)
- Thinking about Yugoslavia: Scholarly debates about the Yugoslav breakup and the wars in Bosnia and Kosovo (Cambridge University Press, 2005) p. 206
- "Significant Earthquake Information: 1690 April 16, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
- (the battle took place on June 30, according to the "old style" Julian calendar in use at this time by the English)
- (the battle took place on July 1, according to the "old style" Julian calendar in use at this time by the English. This is equivalent to 11 July in the "new style" Gregorian calendar, although today it is commemorated on July 12).
- Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 285. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- "Parades and Marches - Chronology 2: Historical Dates and Events". Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN). Retrieved January 28, 2010.
- Francis Baily, An Account of the Rev'd John Flamsteed, to Which is Added his British Catalogue of Stars (Lords Commission of the Admiralty, 1835) p. 393
- "Significant Earthquake Information: 1690 April 16, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
- Yves Barde (2006). Vauban: ingénieur et homme de guerre (in French). Éd. de l'Armançon. p. 91. ISBN 978-2-84479-085-9.
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