Voiced retroflex click
The voiced retroflex click is a rare click consonant. There is no symbol for it in the International Phonetic Alphabet. The Beach convention is ⟨ᶢ‼⟩, and this symbol is used in practical orthography.[1]
| Voiced retroflex velar click | |
|---|---|
| ɡ͡‼ | |
| ᶢ‼ | |
| ‼̬ |
| Voiced retroflex uvular click | |
|---|---|
| ɢ͡‼ | |
| (etc) |
[2]Features
Features of the voiced retroflex click:
- The airstream mechanism is lingual ingressive (also known as velaric ingressive), which means a pocket of air trapped between two closures is rarefied by a "sucking" action of the tongue, rather than being moved by the glottis or the lungs/diaphragm. The release of the forward closure produces the "click" sound. Voiced and nasal clicks have a simultaneous pulmonic egressive airstream.
- Its place of articulation is retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated subapical (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue contact can be apical (pointed) or laminal (flat).
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
Occurrence
The voiced retroflex click is only confirmed from a single language, Central !Kung.[3]
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central !Kung | g‼ú | [ᶢ‼ú] = [‼̬ú] | 'water' |
Notes
- Beach, Douglas Martyn (1938). The phonetics of the Hottentot language. London: W. Heffer & Sons.
- Goldsmith, Thomas (2019-09-15), "Recording "Foggy Mountain Breakdown"", Earl Scruggs and Foggy Mountain Breakdown, University of Illinois Press, pp. 50–59, retrieved 2022-04-18
- Scott, Abigail; Miller, Amanda; Namaseb, Levi; Sands, Bonny; Shah, Sheena (June 2, 2010). "Retroflex Clicks in Two Dialects of ǃXung". University of Botswana, Department of African Languages.
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