Uttam Kumar

Uttam Kumar (born Arun Kumar Chattopadhyay; 3 September 1926 – 24 July 1980), popularly known as the Mahanayak,[1] was an Indian actor, producer, director, script writer, composer, singer who predominantly worked in Bengali cinema.[2][3] Through his career he earned commercial as well as critical success and he remains as indian cultural icon and matinee idol of Bengal.[4] His audience was mainly concentrated in West Bengal, India and Bangladesh region.[5] Kumar was the most successful actor in Bengali cinema history.[6][7][8]

For the Indian artist, see Uttam Kumar (artist).
"Mahanayak" redirects here. For the historical novel by Vishvas Patil, see Mahanayak (novel). For the TV show, see Mahanayak (TV series).

Uttam Kumar
Kumar in Indrani (1958)
Born
Arun Kumar Chattopadhyay

(1926-09-03)3 September 1926
Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, British India
Died24 July 1980(1980-07-24) (aged 53)
Bhowanipur, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
NationalityIndian
Other namesMahanayak
Alma materGoenka College of Commerce and Business Administration
OccupationActor, producer, director
Years active1948–1980
Works
Filmography
Spouse(s)
Gauri Chatterjee
​
​
(m. 1948⁠–⁠1980)​

Supriya Chaudhuri
​
​
(m. invalid year⁠–⁠invalid year)​
Children1
Relatives
AwardsFull list

When the Government of India instituted National Film Awards, Kumar was the first actor to be honored with the National Award for Best Actor at the 15th National Film Awards in 1968 for his performances in Anthony Firingee and Chiriyakhana.[9]

Kumar's career spanned three decades, from the late 1940s to his death 1980. He appeared in over 200 films including 15 Hindi films. Some of his best known films are Agni Pariksha, Harano Sur, Saptapadi, Nayak, Amanush and many others.[10]

In 2012 the Government of West Bengal started to give an award on the anniversary of his death, the "Mahanayak Samman" for lifetime achievement in film. Chief Minister Mamta Banerjee gave this award.[11]

Early life

Arun Kumar Chattopadhyay was born on 3 September 1926 at a maternal home at Ahiritola in north Calcutta.[12] His father was Satkari Chattopadhyay and mother was Chapla Devi.[13] He is from an ordinary lower middle class family. His father was an employee possibly a film operator of Metro cinema hall.[14] He had three brothers. Barun Kumar and Tarun Kumar. His younger brother Tarun Kumar is also an actor.[15]

Kumar was admitted to Chakraberia High School and later entered in South Suburban School (Main) where he passed Matriculation. He was a cinema, theatre and Jatra lover since childhood. In 1935 during reading in the school he founded with his friends a small organization named Lunar Club, where he acted for the first time in his life in Rabindranath Tagore's Mukut play and won trophy and medal when he was age eight or nine. After, he again worked in Gayasur and again won prizes.[16] Later he joined to Goenka College of Commerce and Business Administration. But he could not complete his studies because of his family's financial problems. He left college when he was in his final year. Then he joined Kolkata Port Trust as a clerk, where he got paid 75 rupees per month.[17]

Kumar played football, volleyball, and learned swimming, wrestling and singing. He learned singing and music from Nidanbandhu Banerjee.[18] He acted in his own theatre group Sruhid Samaj.[19] He also learned Lathi Khela from Sukumar Gupta and practice wrestling in Mallabi's Noni Ghosh's wrestling arena.[20] He also became a champion in swimming at Bhawanipur Swimming Association three years in a row.[21] He learnt acting to see theater actor Sisir Kumar Bhaduri. He also learnt the Hindi and Urdu languages from a Maulana during this time.[22]

Career

After working in theatre and Port Trust for a few years, Kumar entered the film industry in 1947, in the Hindi film Mayadore which was never released. His first released film under his birth name of Arun Kumar Chatterjee was the 1948 film Drishtidan directed by Nitin Bose. Next year he appeared for the first time as the hero in the film Kamona in 1949, changing his name again to Uttam Chatterjee. Later he changed his name again to Arup Kumar. From Sahajatri 1951 he kept his name permanently as Uttam Kumar. That time he also working at Port Trust. He gave back to back seven flop film while industry was stated him as "Flop Master General".[23]

His first successful film was under the M.P Production banner Basu Poribar in 1952 by Nirmal Dey. Then he left the carany job. The following year he worked again with the same banner and director in the film Sharey Chuattor in 1953, which was his first time paired with Suchitra Sen. His first breakthrough role came in the following year in Agradoot's film Agnipariksha in 1954.[24]

Kumar collaborated with Satyajit Ray for the first time in 1966 on the film Nayak. But ten years earlier Ray wanted to casting Kumar in his new film Ghare Baire at early 1956. At that time Ray was ill and stay in his home for few. Days. He developed the script based on Rabindranath Tagore during this days. When it was complete, Ray approached to Kumar to do the Sandip role, which is a villain character. At that time Kumar had already appeared in Sharey Chuattor, Agnipariksha, Sabar Uparey and Shapmochon. So he refused to do the Sandip role in Ghare Baire . Later after four years of Kumar demise in 1984 Ray completed the film, casting his regular actor Soumitra Chatterjee in the role of Sandip.[25]

He appeared in over 200 films in his career. Some of his best known roles were in the films Harano Sur, Bicharak, Saptapadi Jhinder Bandi, Sesh Anka, Deya Neya, Lal Pathore, Jatu Griha'', Thana Theke Aschi, Chowringee, Nayak, Antony Firingee, Amanush, Bagh Bondi Khela and Chiriyakhana (1967).[26][27]

Uttam Kumar was the first-ever recipient of the National Film Award for Best Actor for his performances in Antony Firingee and Chiriyakhana in 1967.

Before Nayak he was already cast in 113 films. He appeared in the role of Arindam (Mukherjee) in Nayak, and Ray later said that if Uttam had refused the film, he would have abandoned it immediately.[28] After seeing him in Nayak, the actress Elizabeth Taylor was impressed with his performance and wanted to work and meet with him.[29] He worked with Ray the following year in Chiriyakhana (1967).[30][31] On his performance in Nayak Forbes India was including him in "List Of 25 greatest acting performance of Indian Cinema".[32]

He produced six successful Bengali films and also produced a Hindi film. First he produced Harano Sur (1957) and Saptapadi under the banner of Alochayas Production. Both films were directed by Ajoy Kar and received National Film Award. In 1963 he changed his production house name as Uttam Kumar Films Private L.T.D. Under this banner he produced first Bhranti Bilash others is Uttar Falguni, Jatu griha both of film was won again National Film Award and also Grihadaha.[33]

On producing Chhoti Si Mulaqat in 1967, which was a Hindi film starring Kumar and Vyjayanthimala, Kumar used up almost all his savings, since the film had to be shot in colour and was shot in remote locations. This was the last film which Kumar produced.[34]

Later, Kumar also directed the films Sudhu Ekti Bochhor, Bon Palashir Padaboli, Kalankini Kankabati (released after his death).

He composed music for the film Kaal Tumi Aleya in which Hemanta Mukherjee and Asha Bhosle sang to his tune and also composing Sabyasachi 1977 film. Kumar learned singing at an early age from Nidanbandhu Banerjee. He was also a playback singer in his own film Nabajanma 1956. Later he also recorded some Rabindra Sangee.[33] At first he lip-synced on the 1950 film in 1950 Maryada.[35]

Kumar also acted in theater. He also made his own theater group in his house called "Surhid Samaj" before debut in film industry. He working in theater between his clerk job. In 1953 when he became a busy actor in Bengali film industry he again worked in a play, called "Shyamali" under the Star Theater banner. The "Shyamali" ran for over 480 nights. However Bidhan Chandra Roy (Chief Minister of West Bengal) called him as "Shyamal". After this the director Ajoy Kar made a film based on him as same title Shyamali. He returned at theater in 1970s, where he directed three plays under his foundation Shilpi Sangshad these are "Charankabi Mukunda Das", "Sajahan" and "Charitraheen" but he not acted. Up next he also acted in "Alibaba".[36]

In 1956 Raj Kapoor cast him in Jagte Raho Bengali version but Kumar not accepted. Later in 1962 his friend Hemanta Kumar first offered him in hindi film in his production house the film Bees Saal Baad but he rejected it then their relationship become detoriated.[37] In 1964 Raj Kapoor again approached him under his R.K Films banner, the film called Sangam, but Kumar again reject it. Later his role is doing by Rajendra Kumar.[38] Kumar not getting that kind of success in hindi films. But later he also worked some hindi films like Amanush (his only success in hindi),[39] Ananda Ashram, Kitaab and Dooriyaan.

Kumar's played various type of characters throughout his career, not only the typical romantic melodramatic characters. He played dual roles in the film Jhinder Bandi and Bhranti Bilash a judges and lawyer in Bicharak and Jibon Jiggasa, a servant in Khokababur Protyabartan, a thief in Abak Prithibi, a murderer in Sesh Anka a detective in Thana Theke Aschi and Chiriyakhana, a hotel receptionist in Chowringhee, a jamindar in Stree, a king in Sanyasi Raja, a villainous evill politician in Bagh Bandi Khela, an ideal doctor in Agnishwaar, a revolutionary leader in Sabyasachi, a serial killer in Plot No 5.[40]

In a 2014 interview, Soumitra Chatterjee said "I knew Uttamda ever since he was a Kolkata Port Trust employee before becoming a star. We had met at theatre beforehand." "Any talk about our rivalry is baseless as few know how much caring he was. He once dragged me for jogging to stay and look fit and trim as hero at the crack of dawn. I woke up in the dawn hearing commotion in the lane outside and then he called me aloud. Waving to the crowd around the austin we both got inside and drove away - to the lake area."[41]

Abheek Barman of The Quint wrote in 2019 that Kumar's time was the "Golden Era of Bengali cinema".[42]

Kumar was the most successful actor in Bengali cinema history.[43] He made most of the highest grossing Bengali films of the years in which he worked. In 1960s at the time Kumar appeared in 15 successful films.[44]

Uttam-Suchitra combination
Kumar and Suchitra Sen in Harano Sur

Kumar and Suchitra Sen have appeared together in many films.[45] Some of Uttam's films co-starring Suchitra Sen include Share Chuattor which they had pairing for first time. The film was successful, and was followed by Agni Pariksha and others Shilpi, Saptapadi,[46][47] Pathe Holo Deri, Harano Sur, Chaowa Paowa, Bipasha, Jiban Trishna, Sagarika, Trijama, Indrani, Sabar Upare, Surjyo Toron, Rajlakshmi O Sreekanto, "Ekti Raat", "Grihadaha", Kamallata, Har Mana Har, Alo Amar Alo. They had worked together in 30 films from where 29 films was give box office success.[48][49] In an interview Uttam Kumar once said about his chemistry between Suchitra Sen that Roma saved my career, before Sharey Chuattor every heroine was elder than me the so chemistry was not work properly, so my every flim was flopped, then Roma came I fill I will get my heroine. If Roma never be come so I will never being Uttam Kumar.[50]

Uttam-Supriya

Sonar Harin saw Supriya Devi play the lead opposite Kumar. As they began to act in more films together, the two got involved off-screen as well. In 1963, Uttam left his family home at Girish Mukherjee Road, Bhowanipur and stayed with Supriya for the next 17 years till his death. They starred together in several other films like Uttarayan, Chiradiner, Agni Sanskar, Suno Baranari, Kal Tumi Aleya, Lal Pathor, Andha Atit, Sudhu Ekti Bochhor, Mon Niye, Bilambita Loy, Bhola Maira, Sanyasi Raja, Bon Palashir Padabali, Sister, Jibon Mrityue, Bagh Bandir Khela.[51]

Uttam-Sabitri

After Suchitra and Supriya, Kumar worked in many films with the actress Sabitri Chatterjee. They worked together first in 1951 in the film Sahajatri Kumar worked in most of the films with Chatterjee: they worked in 39 films together, including Abak Prithibi, Bhranti Bilash, Uttarayon, Nishipadma, Mouchak, Dhanni Meye and others. Uttam Kumar said that Sabitri was the most powerful and talented actress in his time.[52]

Other actresses

He worked with more than 46 heroines in his career, including Madhabi Mukherjee, Sharmila Tagore, Tanuja, Anjana Bhowmick, Arundhati Devi. He also paired with Vyjayanthimala, Vidya Sinha, Sulakshana Pandit, Olivia Lopej (Bangladeshi actress), Moushumi Chatterjee, Sumitra Devi, Sandhya Roy, Sumitra Mukherjee and others. In the 1960s he also paired with actress Asha Parekh in a film Jhankar, which was never released.[53]

Philanthropy

Kumar also did social work.[54] In 1942 he joined in the Indian independence movement. In 1945, he also helped Subhas Chandra Bose's Indian National army relief fund, arranging a play "Ananda Math" from which he collected 1750 rupees and gave it to Bose's elder brother Satish Chandra Bose.[55] In 1946 Hindu-Muslim controversy he also involved them.[56]

Uttam Kumar helped poor artists and technicians.[57] In 1968, he left Abhinetri Sangha and founded his own foundation "Shilpi Sangshad" for helping poor artists and technitians. He also become president of this till his death. But he never got involved in politics.[58] He worked in many films without any salary. He made the film Bon Polashir Padaboli.[59]

For the 1978 flood, he organized a charity cricket match between Bengali Film Industry and Bombay Film Industry in 1979. He invited many artists from both industries. He was captaining for Bengal team while Dilip Kumar captaining for Bombay team. There many money was collected from that match and he gave that in Chief Minister relief fund.[60][61]

Personal life
Morgan House Kalimpong Testimonial of Uttam Kumar and Supriya Devi.

Kumar married Gauri Chatterjee (1929–1981) in 1941.[62] They had a son named Gautam Chatterjee, born in 1950.[63] After see Agnipariksha's poster Gauri devi become cried out. She always doubted that there has been a relationship between Uttam and Suchitra. For this reason, the relationship between Kumar and Gauri devi become detoriated day by day.[64] Then Kumar become involve in love with actress Supriya Chowdhury. Later, In 1963, Uttam left his family home at Girish Mukherjee Road, Bhowanipur. He stayed with Supriya Devi for the next 17 years till his death. But Kumar never gave divorced to Gauri Devi so she still his wife. He take responsibility both of families.[62] His grandson Gourab Chatterjee is also an actor in Bengali cinema.[15]

He came out with an authorised biography Aamar Ami in 1979–80. In 1960, he started writing an autobiography named Harano Dinguli Mor (My Bygone Days), but could not complete it. Parts of that book were published by the magazine Nabokallol. On the day Uttam died, the original manuscript was stolen. Later, a member from Times of India had found the manuscript and the national library helped to find old editions of Nabakallol and then the incomplete book was finally published in the 37th Calcutta Book Fair.

There was a time, when at the height of his career Kumar was approached to recite the Chandi Path in the All India Radio (AIR) studios. Traditionally, this had always been done by Birendra Krishna Bhadra. But there was an uproar amongst the audience as to why Kumar had been chosen instead of Bhadra. Kumar personally met Bhadra and apologised and from the next year Mahalaya on AIR was again done by Bhadra.[65][66] Kumar was also an avid Mohun Bagan AC fan.

Death

Kumar first suffered in heart attack during the shooting of Ray's Chiriyakhana due to major financial problems for the flop of Chhoti Si Mulaqat. Later, he also suffered a heart attack twice. While filming Ogo Bodhu Shundori in 23 July 1980 Uttam Kumar suffered again in heart issue. But that night after shooting he attended his friend's night party and over alcoholic there. At the midnight he suffered serious heart stroke. Immediately at 3:00 am he was admitted to the Calcutta Belle vue Clinic. The five cardiologist speacalist doctors did their best for 16 hours, but he died that night 9:35 pm on 24 July 1980 at the age of 53.[67][68][45][69]

Filmography
Main article: Uttam Kumar filmography

Accolades

Kumar received many awards throughout his life, including five National Awards, three Filmfare Awards and seven BFJA Awards.

Government of India
  • 1975: Received Greatest Actor "Mahanayak" honor with prize money ₹50000
National Film Awards
Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards
  • 1956 : Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Actor Award for Hrad
  • 1962: Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Actor Award for Saptapadi
  • 1967: Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Actor Award for Nayak (award received from the filmmaker Debaki Bosu)
  • 1968: Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Actor Award for Grihadaha
  • 1972: Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Actor Award for Ekhane Pinjar
  • 1973: Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Actor Award for Stree
  • 1975: Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Actor Award] for Amanush 1974
Filmfare Awards
Filmfare Awards East
  • 1975 : Filmfare East for Best Actor Amanush - bengali (1974)
  • 1979 : Filmfare East for Best Actor Dhanraj Tamang (1978)

Legacy
Uttam Kumar in 2009 stamp of India.

Uttam Kumar was one of the most popular film star in his time. After the film Agnipariksha 1954, he become the most successful actor in Bengali cinema until his death.[72] Kumar was compared any other actors in the world. Some of greatest actor and actress such as Elizabeth Taylor, Dilip Kumar, Vyjayanthimala, Dharmendra, Rajesh Khanna, Shammi Kapoor and Amitabh Bachchan was great admire to him.[73] [74]

Tollygunge Metro station in Kolkata was renamed as Mahanayak Uttam Kumar Metro Station in his honour. A life-size statue has been erected near Tollygunge metro station which in 2013 was renamed after the actor by the Central Railway Ministry.[75][76]

Celebrating the 89th birth anniversary of Uttam Kumar, the Department of Posts in 2009 released a series of new postage stamps featuring the actor. The Department of Posts also released a brochure on the Uttam Kumar Stamp release with a note that says "Uttam Kumar – The Legend of Indian Cinema".[77][78]

The Mahanayak Uttam Mancha in Kalighat, named after him, was established by his youngest brother Tarun Kumar. This is mainly a business auditorium but is also used for Bengali drama and plays. Currently the auditorium is supervision under the Kolkata Municipal Corporation.

In 2012 Govt of West Bengal started giving an award in his name as "Mahanayak Samman" for lifetime contribution and film award also. This program is held on Uttam Mancha in his every death anniversary.

In 2016 a television series based on his life was started, which was starring by the Bengali cinema actor Prosenjit Chatterjee named Mahanayak.[79] A biopic named Achena Uttam on his life is being made, where his character is played by the Bengali actor Saswata Chatterjee.[80] National Award winner director Srijit Mukherjee made a film where he cast him through the VFX taken the footage of his 54 films the filmed named as Oti Uttam.[81]

"It is the demise of a leading light of the Bengali film industry...There isn't – there won't be another hero like him."[82]
"Uttam Kumar was the most gifted actor I ever worked with. His first Hindi film, Chhoti Si Mulaqat, was opposite me in 1967... Uttam Kumar was thoroughly professional, cooperative and lip-synced perfectly, especially on "Aye Chand" and "Tujhe Dekha". He lip-synched songs rendered by Hemant Kumar, Manna Dey and Mohammed Rafi as if he was singing them. I was criticised for Chhoti Si Mulaqat but Uttam Kumar never criticised me"[83]
"If Uttam Kumar committed a crime and then he gave that smile, I was ready to believe he was innocent."
[84]

I will be really ungrateful if I do not make a special mention of late Uttam Kumar, the greatest living actor of my times. He had a divine screen presence with a God gifted smile and dialogue delivery. While shooting for Amar Prem the Hindi Version of Uttam Kumar's Nishipadma, I confessed to director Shakti Samanta, I will consider myself really lucky if I can perform even 50 per cent of what Uttam Kumar did.[85]

Uttam is my friend. In a word, he is a great, great artist. But still, sometimes I feel as if he is not properly exploited.”[86]

“The smart, modern hero of India.”[87]

“Uttam was the best of our entire lot. A truly clean person.”[88]

“I personally felt that the acting of Uttam Kumar could be compared to the best actor of any country. His great attribute is his diligence. Many are born with talent, but the talent gets eclipsed due to the lack of diligence. Uttam Kumar has both of them. Perhaps that’s the reason why he still sparkles.”[89]

“Sri Uttam Kumar not merely the actor, I regard him as the creator of the character. Maybe as the creator of the character, he has achieved such stupendous popularity.”[90]

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