Uropeltis
Uropeltis is a genus of nonvenomous shield tail snakes endemic to peninsular India. As of 2022, 26 species are recognized as being valid.[2]
| Uropeltis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Ceylon earth snake, U. ceylanica | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Uropeltidae |
| Genus: | Uropeltis Cuvier, 1829 |
| Synonyms | |
| |
- Common names: shieldtails, earth snakes.
Geographic range
Most Uropeltis species are found in hills of peninsular India, mainly in southwestern parts of the country, including the Western Ghats and to some extent, also in the Eastern Ghats and in hills of Central India.[1]
Description
Species in the genus Uropeltis share the following characters. The eye is in the ocular shield. There are no supraoculars nor temporals. There is no mental groove. The tail is conical or obliquely truncated, terminating in a small scute, the end of which is square, or bicuspid with the points side by side.[3]
Species
| Species[2][4] | Taxon author[2][4] | Common name | Geographic range[1][4] |
|---|---|---|---|
| U. arcticeps | (Günther, 1875) | Tinevelly shieldtail | Tirunelveli Hills |
| U. beddomii | (Günther, 1862) | Beddome's shieldtail | Anaimalai Hills |
| U. bhupathyi | Jins, Sampaio & Gower, 2018 | Bhupathy's shieldtail | Tamil Nadu |
| U. bicatenata | (Günther, 1875) | two-chained shieldtail | Pune Hills |
| U. broughami | (Beddome, 1878) | Brougham's shieldtail | Palni Hills |
| U. ceylanicaT | Cuvier, 1829 | Cuvier's shieldtail | Western Ghats south of Goa |
| U. dindigalensis | (Beddome, 1877) | Dindigul shieldtail | Sirumalai Hills |
| U. ellioti | (Gray, 1858) | Elliot's shieldtail | Hills of peninsular India |
| U. grandis | (Beddome, 1867) | Smith's earth snake | Anaimalai Hills |
| U. jerdoni | Ganesh, Punith, Adhikari, & Achyuthan, 2021 | Jerdon’s shieldtail snake | India (Karnataka) |
| U. liura | (Günther, 1875) | Günther's shieldtail | Southern Western Ghats |
| U. macrolepis | (W. Peters, 1862) | Bombay shieldtail | Northern Western Ghats |
| U. macrorhyncha | (Beddome, 1877) | Ponachi shieldtail | Anaimalai Hills |
| U. maculata | (Beddome, 1878) | spotted shieldtail | Anaimalai Hills |
| U. madurensis | (Beddome, 1878) | Madura earth snake | Meghamalai |
| U. myhendrae | (Beddome, 1886) | barred shieldtail | Agasthyamalai Hills |
| U. nitida | (Beddome, 1878) | Cochin shieldtail | Anaimalai Hills and Nelliyampathi |
| U. ocellata | (Beddome, 1863) | Nilgiri shieldtail | Western Ghats south of Nilgiris |
| U. petersi | (Beddome, 1878) | Peters' shieldtail | Anaimalai Hills |
| U. phipsonii | (Mason, 1888) | Phipson's shieldtail | Northern Western Ghats |
| U. pulneyensis | (Beddome, 1863) | Palni shieldtail | Southern Western Ghats |
| U. rajendrani | Ganesh & Achyuthan, 2020 | Rajendran's shieldtail | Southern Eastern Ghats |
| U. rubrolineata | (Günther, 1875) | red-lined shieldtail | Southern Western Ghats |
| U. rubromaculata | (Beddome, 1867) | red-spotted shieldtail | Anaimalai Hills |
| U. shorttii | (Beddome, 1863) | Shevaroy Hills earth snake | Yercaud |
| U. woodmasoni | (W. Theobald, 1876) | Palni shieldtail, black-bellied shieldtail | Palni Hills |
* Not including the nominate subspecies.
T Type species.[1]
Nota bene: A taxon author in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Uropeltis.
References
- McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré TA (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
- "Uropeltis ". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 1 September 2007.
- Boulenger GA (1893). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Uropeltidæ .... London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I-XXVIII. (Genus Silybura, p. 144).
- Genus Uropeltis at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.
Further reading
- Boulenger GA (1890). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xviii + 541 pp. (Genus Silybura, p. 257, Figure 81).
- Cuvier [G] (1829). Le Régne Animal Distribué, d'après son Organisation, pour servir de base à l'Histoire naturelle des Animaux et d'introduction à l'Anatomie Comparé. Nouvelle Edition, Revue et Augmentée [second edition]. Tome II [Volume 2]. Les Reptiles. Paris: Déterville. xv + 406 pp. (Uropeltis, new genus, pp. 76–77). (in French).
- Das I (2002). A Photographic Guide to Snakes and other Reptiles of India. Sanibel Island, Florida: Ralph Curtis Books. 144 pp. ISBN 0-88359-056-5. (Genus Uropeltis, pp. 59–60).
- Smith MA (1943). The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes. London: Secretary of State for India. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xii + 583 pp. (Genus Uropeltis, p. 73).
- Wall F (1921). Ophidia Taprobanica or the Snakes of Ceylon. Colombo, Ceylon [Sri Lanka]: Colombo Museum. (H.R. Cottle, Government Printer). xxii + 581 pp. (Genus Uropeltis, pp. 23–25, Figures 7-9).
- Ganesh SR (2015). Shieldtail snakes (Reptilia: Uropeltidae)– the Darwin's finches of south Indian snake fauna? Manual on Identification and Preparation of Keys of Snakes with Special Reference to their Venomous Nature in India., Govt. Arts College, Ooty, 13-24.
- Pyron RA, Ganesh SR, Sayyed A, Sharma V, Wallach V, Somaweera R (2016). "A catalogue and systematic overview of the shield-tailed snakes (Serpentes: Uropeltidae)". Zoosystema 38 (4): 453–506.
- Rajendran MV (1985). "Studies on Uropeltid Snakes". Madurai: Publication Division, Madurai Kamaraj University. 132 pp.
- Sharma RC (2003). Handbook: Indian Snakes. Kolkata: Zoological Survey of India. 292 pp. ISBN 978-818 171 1694.
- Whitaker R, Captain A (2008). Snakes of India: The Field Guide. Chennai: Draco Books. 495 pp. ISBN 978-8190187305.
External links
- Captain, Ashok (2003). Checklist of Indian Snakes with English Common Names. PDF at the University of Texas at Austin. Accessed 2 September 2007.
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- Genus Uropeltis at Systema Naturae 2000. Accessed 2 September 2007.
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