Tytthaena

Tytthaena ("little hyena") is an extinct genus of oxyaenids from subfamily Tytthaeninae. It lived during the late Paleocene to early Eocene in North America.[1] Two species are known, T. parrisi and T. lichna.

Tytthaena
Temporal range: middle Paleocene - early Eocene[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: †Oxyaenodonta
Family: †Oxyaenidae
Subfamily: †Tytthaeninae
Gunnell & Gingerich, 1991[2]
Genus: †Tytthaena
Gingerich, 1980[3]
Type species
†Tytthaena parrisi
Species
  • T. lichna (Rose, 1981)[4]
  • T. parrisi (Gingerich, 1980)[3]
Synonyms
synonyms of subfamily:
  • Tyttaeninae (Lavrov, 1999)[5]
synonyms of genus:
  • Tyttaena (Lavrov, 1999)
synonyms of species:
  • T. lichna:
    • Oxyaena lichna (Rose, 1981)

Description

Tytthaena is the smallest oxyaenid known. Morphologically, it resembles Oxyaena. It can be distinguished from other oxyaenids by its size and dentition. Its molars were narrow, with elongate talonids.[3][4]

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of genus Tytthaena are shown in the following cladogram.[2][6][7][8]

 Pan-Carnivora 
 
 †Hyaenodonta 
 

†Hyaenodonta (sensu stricto)

 
 
 

†Altacreodus

 
 

†Tinerhodon

 
 †Altacreodus/Tinerhodon clade
 
 sensu lato 
 

Carnivoramorpha

 
 
 †Oxyaenodonta 
 †Oxyaenidae 
 †Tytthaeninae 
 †Tytthaena 
 

†Tytthaena parrisi

 
 

†Tytthaena lichna

 
 
 
 
 

†Oxyaeninae

 
 
 

†Palaeonictinae

 
 

†Machaeroidinae

 
 
 
 
 
 

References
  1. "Tytthaena". Fossilworks.
  2. Gunnel, Gregg F.; Gingerich, Philip D. (1991). "Systematics and evolution of late Paleocene and early Eocene Oxyaenidae (Mammalia, Creodonta) in the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming" (PDF). Contributions From the Museum of Paleontology. The University of Michigan. 28 (7): 141–180.
  3. P. D. Gingerich. (1980.) "Tytthaena parrisi, Oldest Known Oxyaenid (Mammalia, Creodonta) from the Late Paleocene of Western North America." Journal of Paleontology 54(3):570-576
  4. K. D. Rose. (1981.) "The Clarkforkian Land-Mammal Age and Mammalian Faunal Composition Across the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary." University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 26:1-197
  5. A. V. Lavrov (1999.) "Adaptive Radiation of Hyaenodontinae (Creodonta, Hyaenodontidae) of Asia." in 6th Congress of the Theriological Society, Moscow, April 13–16, p. 138 [in Russian].
  6. Solé, F. & Ladevèze, S. (2017.) "Evolution of the hypercarnivorous dentition in mammals (Metatheria, Eutheria) and its bearing on the development of tribosphenic molars." Evolution & Development, 19(2), 56–68.
  7. Prevosti, F. J. & Forasiepi, A. M. (2018.) "Introduction. Evolution of South American Mammalian Predators During the Cenozoic: Paleobiogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Contingencies"
  8. Shawn P. Zack (2019). "A skeleton of a Uintan machaeroidine 'creodont' and the phylogeny of carnivorous eutherian mammals". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (8): 653–689. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1466374.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.