Timeline of Chicago history
Prior to 19th century
- 1673: French-Canadian explorers Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet, on their way to Québec, pass through the area that will become Chicago.
- 1677: Father Claude Allouez arrived to try to convert the natives to Christianity
- 1682: French explorer René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle, passes through Chicago en route to the mouth of the Mississippi River.
- 1696: Jesuit missionary Francois Pinet founds the Mission of the Guardian Angel. It is abandoned four years later.
- 1705: Conflicts develop between French traders and the Fox tribe of Native Americans.
- 1780s: Jean Baptiste Point du Sable establishes Chicago's first permanent settlement near the mouth of the Chicago River.
- 1795: Six square miles (16 km2) of land at the mouth of the Chicago River are reserved by the Treaty of Greenville for use by the United States.
- 1796: Kittahawa, du Sable's Potawatomi Indian wife, delivers Eulalia Point du Sable, Chicago's first recorded birth.
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19th century
1800s-1840s
- 1803: The United States Army orders the construction of Fort Dearborn by Major John Whistler. It is built near the mouth of the Chicago River.
- 1812
- June 17, Jean La Lime is killed by John Kinzie, making him the first recorded murder victim in Chicago.
- August 15, the Battle of Fort Dearborn.
- 1816: The Treaty of St. Louis is signed in St. Louis, Missouri. Ft. Dearborn is rebuilt.
- 1818: December 3, Illinois joins the Union and becomes a state.
- 1830
- August 4, Chicago is surveyed and platted for the first time by James Thompson.
- Population: "Less than 100".[1]
- 1833: Chicago incorporated as a town.[1]
- 1837
- Chicago incorporated as a city.[1]
- C.D. Peacock jewelers was founded. It is the oldest Chicago business still operating today.
- Chicago receives its first charter.[2]
- Rush Medical College is founded two days before the city was chartered. It is the first medical school in the state of Illinois which is still operating.
- 1840
- July 10, Chicago's first legally executed criminal, John Stone was hanged for rape and murder.
- Population: 4,470.[3]
- 1844: Lake Park designated.[4]
- 1847: June 10, The first issue of the Chicago Tribune is published.
- 1848
- Chicago Board of Trade opens on April 3 by 82 local businessmen.
- Illinois and Michigan Canal opens and traffic begins moving faster.
- Galena and Chicago Union Railroad enters operation becoming the first railroad in Chicago
1850s-1890s
- 1850: Population: 29,963.[3]
- 1851: Chicago's first institution of higher education, Northwestern University, is founded.
- 1852: Mercy Hospital becomes the first hospital in Illinois.
- 1853
- October: State Convention of the Colored Citizens held in city.[5]
- Union Park named.[4]
- 1854: A cholera epidemic took the lives of 5.5% of the population of Chicago.[6]
- 1855
- Chicago Theological Seminary founded.[1]
- April 21, Lager Beer Riot.
- Population: 80,000.[4]
- 1856: Chicago Historical Society founded.
- 1857
- Iwan Ries & Co. Chicago's oldest family-owned business opens, still in operation today, the oldest family-owned tobacco shop.
- Mathias A. Klein & Sons (Klein Tools Inc.), still family owned and run today by fifth and sixth generation Klein's.
- Cook County Hospital opens.[1]
- Hyde Park House built.[4]
- 1859: McCormick Theological Seminary relocated.[1]
- 1860
- September 8, the Lady Elgin Disaster.
- Population: 112,172.[3]
- Daprato Statuary Company (Currently Daprato Rigali Studios) founded by the Daprato brothers, Italian immigrants from Barga.
- 1865
- 1866: School of the Art Institute of Chicago founded.
- 1867
- Construction began on the Water Tower designed by architect W. W. Boyington.
- Chicago Academy of Music founded.[4]
- 1868
- Rand McNally is formed as a railway guide company.
- Lincoln Park Zoo founded.[4]
- 1869
- Chicago Water Tower built.
- The first Illinois woman suffrage convention was held in Chicago
- The Chicago Club is established.
- Washington Square Park being developed.[4]
- 1870
- St. Ignatius College founded, later Loyola University
- Population: 298,977.[3]
- 1871: October 8–October 10, the Great Chicago Fire.[4][7]
- 1872
- Montgomery Ward in business.
- Establishment of the first Black fire company in the city.
- 1873: Chicago Public Library established.[4]
- 1875: Holy Name Cathedral dedicated.[4]
- 1877: Railroad strike.[8]
- 1878
- Art Institute of Chicago established.
- Conservator newspaper begins publication.[9][10]
- 1879: Art Institute of Chicago founded.[1]
- 1880: Polish National Alliance headquartered in city.
- 1881: Unsightly beggar ordinance effected.[11]
- 1885: Home Insurance Building is world's first skyscraper.[12][13]
- 1886
- May 4, the Haymarket Riot.[14]
- Chicago Evening Post published (until 1932).[1]
- 1887: Newberry Library established.
- 1888: Dearborn Observatory rebuilt.
- 1889
- Hull House founded.[1] [15]
- Auditorium Building completed.[1]
- Auditorium Theatre opened.
- 1890: The University of Chicago is founded by John D. Rockefeller.
- 1891
- Chicago Symphony Orchestra founded by Theodore Thomas.[1]
- Provident Hospital founded.[1]
- 1892
- June 6, The Chicago and South Side Rapid Transit Railroad, Chicago's first 'L' line, went into operation.
- Masonic Temple for two years, the tallest building in Chicago.
- Streetcar tunnels in Chicago (under the Chicago River) in use until 1906.[1]
- 1893
- May 1–October 30, The World's Columbian Exposition (World's Fair); World's Parliament of Religions held.[16][1]
- October 28, Mayor Carter Harrison, Sr. was assassinated by Patrick Eugene Prendergast.[17]
- Sears, Roebuck and Company in business.
- First Ferris wheel built by George Washington Gale Ferris Jr.
- Art Institute of Chicago building opens.[1]
- Monadnock Building completed.[1]
- Universal Peace Congress held.[18]
- Chicago Civic Federation founded.[17]
- 1894
- May 11–August 2, the Pullman Strike.[14][1]
- Ženské Listy women's magazine begins publication.[19][20]
- Field Museum of Natural History established.[1]
- 1895: Marquette Building completed.[1]
- 1896
- 1896 Democratic National Convention held; Bryan delivers Cross of Gold speech.[21]
- Campaign "to improve municipal service and politics" begun in 1896.[1]
- Abeny beauty shop[22] and Tonnesen Sisters photo studio[23] in business.
- 1897
- The Union Loop Elevated is completed.
- National union of meat packers formed.[1]
- 1898: National peace jubilee was held.[1]
- 1899
- Cook County juvenile court established.[24]
- Municipal Art League established.[1]
- Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building constructed.
- 1900
- Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal opens;[25] the Chicago River is completely reversed.
- Municipal Reference Library active (approximate date).[26]
- Labor strike of machinists.[8]
- Population: 1,698,575.[1]
20th century
1900s-1940s
- 1902: Meatpacking strike.[8]
- 1903
- December 30, Iroquois Theater Fire
- City Club of Chicago formed.
- 1905
- The Industrial Workers of the World was founded in June[27]
- Teamsters' strike.[1]
- Chicago Defender newspaper begins publication.[28]
- City Hall rebuilding completed.[1]
- Chicago Federal Building completed.[1]
- 1906
- Municipal court established.[24]
- The Chicago White Sox defeated the Chicago Cubs in the only all-Chicago World Series.
- Sinclair's fictional The Jungle published.[14]
- Chicago Tunnel Company operated a 2ft. narrow-gauge railway freight tunnel network (until 1959).[1]
- 1907: Adolph Kroch opens a bookstore which will evolve into Kroch's and Brentano's
- 1908
- The Chicago Cubs win the World Series for the second year in a row
- Binga Bank in business.[29]
- 1909: Burnham's Plan of Chicago presented.[14]
- 1910: Population: 2,185,283.[1][30]
- 1911: Chicago and North Western Railway Terminal completed.[1]
- 1913
- Great Lakes Storm of 1913
- Wabash Avenue YMCA opens.[31]
- 1914: Alpha Suffrage Club active.[32]
- 1915
- July 24, the SS Eastland Disaster.
- Chicago Municipal Tuberculosis Sanitarium founded.[30]
- 1916
- 1918
- Micheaux Film and Book Company in business.[33]
- The Spanish flu killed over 8,500 people in Chicago between September and November 1918.
- 1919
- July 27, the Chicago race riot of 1919.
- Real estate broker Archibald Teller opened the first Fannie May candy store.
- 1920: Population: 2,701,705.[30]
- 1921
- Balaban and Katz Chicago Theatre built, (later the Chicago Theatre).
- Field Museum of Natural History relocates to Chicago Park District.[30]
- Street-widening and street-opening projects underway.[30]
- Medill School of Journalism opens.[30]
- 1922: Chicago Council on Global Affairs established.[34]
- 1925
- Goodman Theatre established.
- Chicago railway station opened.[30]
- The Tribune Tower was completed on Michigan Avenue. The building's large Gothic entrance contains pieces of stone from other famous buildings: Westminster Abbey, Cologne Cathedral, the Alamo, the Taj Mahal, the Great Pyramid, and the Arc de Triomphe.
- 1926
- Nederlander Theatre opened.
- Granada Theatre opened.
- 1927: Originally called the Chicago Municipal Airport, Chicago Midway International Airport opened. It was renamed in 1949 to honor the Battle of Midway in World War II.
- 1929
- February 14, the St. Valentine's Day Massacre.[21][35]
- Oscar De Priest becomes U.S. representative for Illinois's 1st congressional district.[36][37]
- Civic Opera Building & Civic Opera House opened.
- 1930
- March 6: 50,000 gather for International Unemployment Day, capping 10 days of protest against Great Depression conditions.
- May 12, Adler Planetarium opened, through a gift from local merchant Max Adler. It was the first planetarium in the Western Hemisphere.[38]
- May 30, Shedd Aquarium opens.
- The Merchandise Mart was built for Marshall Field & Co. The $32 million, 4.2 million square foot (390,000 m2) building was the world's largest commercial building. It was sold it to Joseph P. Kennedy in 1945.
- 1933: March 6, Mayor Anton Cermak was killed while riding in a car with President-elect Roosevelt. The assassin was thought to have been aiming for Roosevelt.
- 1933-34: Century of Progress World's Fair.
- 1934
- July 22, John Dillinger was shot by the FBI in the alley next to the Biograph Theater.[21]
- Brookfield Zoo opened.
- 1935
- January 19, Coopers Inc. sells the world's first briefs.
- Jay Berwanger of the University of Chicago is awarded the very first Heisman Trophy
- 1937: Labor strike of steelworkers.[8]
- 1938: Community Factbook begins publication.[39]
- 1944: Premiere of Williams' play The Glass Menagerie.
- 1945: Ebony magazine begins publication.[40]
- 1948: Chicago Daily Sun and Times newspaper begins publication.[9]
1950s-1990s
- 1950: Chess Records in business.[41]
- 1954: Johnson Products Company in business.
- 1955: The first McDonald's franchise restaurant, owned by Ray Kroc, opened in the suburb of Des Plaines.
- 1958
- December 1, Our Lady of the Angels School Fire.
- The last streetcar ran in the city. At one time, Chicago had the largest streetcar system in the world.
- 1959: Second City comedy troupe active.
- 1960
- September 26: Nixon-Kennedy televised presidential debate held.[21]
- The first of the Playboy Clubs, featuring bunnies, opened in Chicago.
- 1963 - Donald Rumsfeld became U.S. representative for Illinois's 13th congressional district.[42]
- 1965-66 - The Chicago Freedom Movement, centering on the topic of open housing, paves the way for the 1968 Fair Housing Act.
- 1967
- January 26–January 27, Major snowstorm deposits 23 inches of snow, closing the city for several days.
- August 1: maiden voyage of UAC TurboTrain.
- 1968:
- February 7: Mickelberry Sausage Company plant explosion kills nine and injured 70.
- August 26–August 29, 1968 Democratic National Convention and its accompanying anti-Vietnam War protests.
- 1969
- October: Weathermen's antiwar demonstration.[43]
- December 4: Black Panther Fred Hampton assassinated.
- The Chicago 8 trial opens.
- The 100-floor John Hancock Center was built.
- 1970
- Soul Train television program begins broadcasting.
- Casa Aztlán (organization) founded.[44]
- 1971: Segundo Ruiz Belvis Cultural Center founded.[45]
- 1972: Vietnam Veterans Against the War headquartered in Chicago.
- 1973: Sears Tower, the tallest building in the world for the next 25 years, was completed.
- 1974: Steppenwolf Theatre Company founded.
- 1977: Chicago Marathon begins.[41]
- 1978: First BBS goes online on February 16.
- 1979
- Heavy snowstorm and city's slow response lead to upset of incumbent mayor.
- May 25, the American Airlines Flight 191 crashes.
- Chicago's first female mayor, Jane M. Byrne, takes office.
- Woodstock Institute headquartered in city.[46]
- 1981: Hill Street Blues television show premieres on January 15.
- 1983
- Harold Washington became the first African American mayor.[47]
- Ordinance banning handguns takes effect.[35][48]
- 1984
- The Chicago Cubs reach the postseason for the first time since 1945
- Heartland Institute headquartered in city.[49]
- 1986
- Oprah Winfrey's Harpo Productions, Inc. in business.
- The Chicago Bears win Super Bowl XX
- Presidential Towers complex completed
- 1988
- Lights are installed in Wrigley Field
- Christian Peacemaker Teams headquartered in city.[49]
- 1990: Population: 2,783,726.[3]
- 1992: April 13, the Chicago Flood.
- 1995
- The Chicago Heat Wave of 1995.
- Your Radio Playhouse begins broadcasting.
- Kroch's and Brentano's, once the largest privately owned bookstore chain in the US, closes.
- 1996 - City website online (approximate date).[50][51]
- 1998: The Chicago Bulls won their sixth NBA championship in eight years.
21st century
- 2001:
- 2002: Lakeview Polar Bear Club founded (now known as the Chicago Polar Bear Club).
- 2003
- Meigs Field closed after having large X-shaped gouges dug into the runway surface by bulldozers in the middle of the night.
- Chicago Film Archives founded.
- February 17: 2003 E2 nightclub stampede
- June 29: 2003 Chicago balcony collapse
- 2004: Millennium Park opens.[52]
- 2005
- The Chicago White Sox win their first World Series in 88 years.
- Regional Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning established.[53]
- 2006
- May 1, the 2006 U.S. immigration reform protests draw over 400,000.
- Cloud Gate artwork installed in Millennium Park.
- 2008: November 4, US President-elect Barack Obama makes his victory speech in Grant Park.
- 2010
- June 28: US supreme court case McDonald v. City of Chicago decided; overturns city handgun ban.[48]
- Chicago Blackhawks win the Stanley Cup.
- City of Chicago Data Portal launched.
- 2011
- February 2: 900 cars abandoned on Lake Shore Drive due to Blizzard.
- March 30: Last of Cabrini Green towers torn down.
- Rahm Emanuel becomes mayor.
- Population: 8,707,120; metro 17,504,753.[54]
- 2012
- 38th G8 summit and 2012 Chicago Summit are to take place in Chicago.
- The first of an ongoing franchise of NBC Chicago-set dramas, Chicago Fire, makes its world premiere on WMAQ
- 2013
- Chicago Blackhawks win the Stanley Cup scoring 2 goals in 17 seconds to defeat the Boston Bruins
- Robin Kelly becomes U.S. representative for Illinois's 2nd congressional district.
- 2014:
- January: Chiberia
- August: Archer Daniels Midland completes its headquarters move from Decatur to the Loop.
- November 2: Wallenda performs high-wire stunt.[55]
- 2015
- 606 linear park opens.
- Chicago Blackhawks win the Stanley Cup yet again for the third time in six years, establishing a "puck dynasty" nationwide and arguably becoming the best team in the NHL.
- Video of the murder of Laquan McDonald is released by court order, and protests ensue.
- 2016:
- June 16: McDonald's announces it will move its headquarters from Oak Brook to the West Loop by 2018.
- ConAgra completes its headquarters move from Omaha to the Merchandise Mart.
- November 2: Cubs win the world series.
- 2017
- January 21: Women's protest against U.S. president Trump.[56]
- City approves public high school "post-graduation plan" graduation requirement (to be effected 2020).[57]
- 2018: Walgreens announces the move of its headquarters from Deerfield, including 2,000 jobs, to the Old Chicago Main Post Office.
- 2019
- May 20: Lori Lightfoot becomes the first female African-American mayor of Chicago.
- 2020
- March 16: First Chicago death due to the COVID-19 pandemic; Governor J.B. Pritzker and Mayor Lori Lightfoot issue a stay at home order.
See also
References
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- Federal Writers’ Project (1939). "Chicago". Illinois: A Descriptive and Historical Guide. American Guide Series. Chicago: A.C. McClurg & Co.
- Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, US Census Bureau, 1998
- Britannica 1878.
- "Conventions Organized by Year". Colored Conventions. University of Delaware. Archived from the original on April 16, 2014. Retrieved April 30, 2014.
- "Chicago at a Glance (chronology)". Chicago Daily News Almanac and Year Book for 1916. 1915.
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- Thomas Dublin, Kathryn Kish Sklar (ed.), "Chronology", Women and Social Movements in the United States, Alexander Street Press (subscription required)
- Melinda Corey and George Ochoa, ed. (1999). Fitzroy Dearborn Chronology of Ideas. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-135-94710-1.
- Catherine Cocks; et al. (2009). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Progressive Era. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6293-7.
- Official report of the fifth Universal Peace Congress held at Chicago, United States of America, August 14 to 20, 1893, The American peace society, 1893
- Bibliography of Foreign Language Newspapers and Periodicals Published in Chicago, Chicago: Works Progress Administration, 1942, OCLC 2704154, OL 23281177M
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- "Timeline". Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century. USA: National Academy of Engineering. Retrieved January 30, 2016.
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- Lerone Bennett, Jr. (February 1974), "Money, Merchants, Markets: the Quest for Economic Security", Ebony, Making of Black America: Part 11
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- Nina Mjagkij (1994). Light in the Darkness: African Americans and the YMCA, 1852-1946. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-2801-3.
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Special Series: Local Government on the Internet
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- Daredevil Nik Wallenda walks between Chicago skyscrapers, Reuters, November 2, 2014
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- Federal Writers’ Project (1939). "Chronology". Illinois: A Descriptive and Historical Guide. American Guide Series. Chicago: A.C. McClurg & Co. – via Open Library.
Further reading
- General Directory and Business Advertiser of the city of Chicago for the Year 1844, Chicago: Ellis & Fergus, printers, 1902, OCLC 1898526, OL 7107412M
- Chicago City Directory. Chicago. 1863.
- Edward's Annual Director to the ... City of Chicago. 1869.
- Joseph Sabin, ed. (1871). "Chicago". Bibliotheca Americana. Vol. 4. New York. OCLC 13972268.
- Runnion, James Boyer (1878). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (9th ed.). pp. 610–613.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
. - Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 118–125. .
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 30 (12th ed.). 1922. .
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Chicago. |
- WGBH-TV (2003). "Chicago, City of the Century: Timeline". American Experience. USA: Public Broadcasting Service.
- National Museum of African American History and Culture. "Collection Search: Chicago". Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution. (Sortable by decade)
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