Banu Taym
Banū Taym (Arabic: بَنُو تَيْم) was one of the major and wealthiest clans of the Quraysh. They are regarded as one of the most influential clans in Mecca, after the advent of Islam. In traditional sources, the clan is believed to be descended Taym ibn Murrah.
| Banū Taym (Arabic: بَنُو تَيْم) | |
|---|---|
| Qurayshi / Adnanite Arabs | |
 Banner of Banu Taym | |
| Nisba | At-Taymī (ٱلتَّيْمي) |
| Location | Western Arabian Peninsula, especially in Mecca (present-day Saudi Arabia) |
| Descended from | Taym ibn Murrah |
| Branches | Banū Suhrawardy |
| Religion | Islam |
Ancestry
The tribe descended from Taym ibn Murrah ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ay ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr ibn Malik ibn An-Nadr ibn Kinanah (Arabic: تَيْم ٱبْن مُرَّة ٱبْن كَعْب ٱبْن لُؤَي ٱبْن غَالِب ٱبْن فِهْر ٱبْن مَالِك ٱبْن ٱلنَّضْر ٱبْن كِنَانَة). Taym was a member of the Quraysh al-Bitah (i.e. Qurayshis living near the Kaaba in Mecca), and an uncle of the Qurayshi chief Qusai ibn Kilab, who was a paternal ancestor of the Islamic Nabi (Prophet) Muhammad.[1]
The descendants of Banu Taym are nowadays widely expanded throughout the Arab World in different subclans.
History
Pre-Islamic era
Following the Quraysh's chief Qusayy ibn Kilab's death, a succession dispute broke out between Qusayy's sons Abd al-Dar and Abd Manaf. The Banu Taym supported Abd Manaf's succession and became part of the al-Muṭayyabūn (Arabic: ٱلْمُطَيَّبُوْن, lit. 'the Perfumed'), in opposition to the al-Aḥlāf (the Confederates), who supported Abd al-Dar's succession.[2] In 590, Abu Bakr represented the Banu Taym at the formation of the Hilf al-Fudul (Arabic: حلف الفضول, lit. 'Alliance of the Virtuous').[3] In this pact, the Banu Taym allied themselves with the Banu Hashim and Banu Zuhra clans.[4]
Islamic era
In the First Muslim Civil War, the Banu Taym was represented by Talha ibn Ubayd Allah, and were united with the Banu Asad, led by Zubayr ibn al-Awwam.[5]
Notable members
- Abdullah "Abu Bakr" ibn Abi Quhafah, a senior companion (Sahabi) and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, ruling over the Rashidun Caliphate from 632 to 634 CE, when he became the first Muslim Caliph following Muhammad's death.[6]
- Talha ibn Ubaidullah, a devoted disciple and companion of Muhammad.[7][8] A paternal cousin of Abu Bakr.
- Salma Umm al-Khair (died 632-634) female companion of Muhammad and mother of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq.
- Uthman Abu Quhafa ibn Amir was a notable Muslim and the father of the Caliph Abu Bakr al-Siddiq.
- Abdul-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr, the eldest son of Abu Bakr, the first caliph.
- Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr, son of Qutaylah bint Abd-al-Uzza and Abu Bakr, the first Rashidun Caliph.
- Aisha bint Abi Bakr, daughter of Abu Bakr and one of Muhammad's wives.[9]
- Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr Military General and Governor of Egypt under Caliph Ali (656–661).
- Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr was an important jurist in early Islam.
- Asma bint Abdul-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr daughter of Abdul-Rahman and wife Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr.
- Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim was the wife of Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib and the mother Ja'far ibn Muhammad al-Hashimi.
- Fatima bint Muhammad, was the wife of Caliph Al-Mansur (r. 754–775) and mother of Sulayman.
- Abu Najib Al-Din Suhrawardi, a renowned philosopher, scholar and theologian who founded the Suhrawardiyya sufi order.
- Sheikh Abaadir Umar Al-Rida Fiqi Umar (Harari: አባዲር ዑመር አል-ሪዳ ፈቂ ዑመር, Somali: Abaadir Cumar Al-Ridaa, Fiqi Cumar, Arabic: الفقيه عمر الرضا أبادر البكري الصديقي التيمي), was the legendary founder of Harar and a patron saint in modern-day eastern Ethiopia. The modern Harari people regard him as their common ancestor, as does the Somali Sheekhaalclan.
Family tree
| Abbreviated tree of the Banu Taym clan of the Quraysh tribe | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Asma bint Adiy al-Bariqiyyah | Murrah ibn Ka'b | Hind bint Surayr ibn Tha'labah | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yaqazah ibn Murrah | Taym ibn Murrah | Kilab ibn Murrah | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sa'd ibn Taym | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ka'b ibn Sa'd | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 'Amr ibn Ka'b | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 'Amir ibn 'Amr | Sakhar ibn 'Amr | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hind bint Nuqayd | 'Uthman Abu Quhafa ibn 'Amir | Salma Umm al-Khair bint Sakhar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Umm Farwa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Qurayba | Abu Bakr | Muataq | Mu'aytaq[10] | Quhafa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Umm Amir | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See also
References
- Maqsood, Ruqaiyyah Waris. "The Prophet's Line Family No 3 – Qusayy, Hubbah, and Banu Nadr to Quraysh". Ruqaiyyah Waris Maqsood Dawah. Archived from the original on 30 May 2008. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- Watt 1986, p. 435.
- Fitzpatrick & Walker 2014, p. 1.
- Macdonald 2005, p. 313.
- Donner 1981, p. 274–275.
- The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Abū Bakr".
{{cite web}}:|author=has generic name (help) - Jafri, Hua M. (1979). The Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam. International Book Centre. pp. 58–79.
- Razwy, Ali Asghar. A Restatement of the History of Islam and Muslims.
- Spellberg, p. 3
- Tarikh ar-Rusul wa al-Muluk 3/ 425
Bibliography
- Ibn Hisham, As-Sirah An-Nabawiyyah
- Donner, Fred M. (1981). The Early Islamic Conquests. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400847877.
- Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Adam Hani (2014). Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God. ISBN 9781610691789.
- Macdonald, Ronald St. John (2005). Towards World Constitutionalism: Issues in the Legal Ordering of the World Community. Brill. ISBN 9789047415916.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Watt, W. Montgomery (1986). "Kuraysh". Encyclopedia of Islam. Vol. V: Khe–Mahi (New ed.). Leiden and New York: Brill. pp. 434–435. ISBN 90-04-07819-3.