Solvothermal synthesis

Solvothermal synthesis is a method of producing chemical compounds. It is very similar to the hydrothermal route. Both are typically conducted in a stainless steel autoclave. The only difference being that the precursor solution is usually non-aqueous. Typical solvents include dimethylformamide and various alcohols.[1]

Schematic diagram of solvothermal synthesis setup: (1) stainless steel autoclave (2) precursor solution (3) Teflon liner (4) stainless steel lid (5) spring

Solvothermal synthesis has been used prepare MOFs,[2][3] titanium dioxide,[4] and graphene,[5] carbon spheres,[6] chalcogenides[7] and other materials.

References
  1. Demazeau, G. (2008). "Solvothermal reactions: an original route for the synthesis of novel materials". J. Mater. Sci. 43 (7): 2104–2114. Bibcode:2008JMatS..43.2104D. doi:10.1007/s10853-007-2024-9. S2CID 55825984.
  2. Yaghi, O. M.; Kalmutzki, M. J.; Diercks, C. S. (2019). Introduction to Reticular Chemistry: Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-82110-5.
  3. Farha, Omar K.; Hupp, Joseph T. (2010). "Rational Design, Synthesis, Purification, and Activation of Metal−Organic Framework Materials". Accounts of Chemical Research. 43 (8): 1166–1175. doi:10.1021/ar1000617. PMID 20608672.
  4. Ong, Wee-Jun; Tan, Lling-Lling; Chai, Siang-Piao; Yong, Siek-Ting; Mohamed, Abdul Rahman (2014). "Highly reactive {001} facets of TiO2-based composites: Synthesis, formation mechanism and characterization". Nanoscale. 6 (4): 1946–2008. Bibcode:2014Nanos...6.1946O. doi:10.1039/c3nr04655a. PMID 24384624.
  5. Xiang, Quanjun; Yu, Jiaguo; Jaroniec, Mietek (2012). "Graphene-based semiconductor photocatalysts". Chem. Soc. Rev. 41 (2): 782–796. doi:10.1039/C1CS15172J. PMID 21853184.
  6. Hu, Gang; Ma, Ding; Cheng, Mojie; Liu, Lin; Bao, Xinhe (2002). "Direct synthesis of uniform hollow carbon spheres by a self-assembly template approach". Chemical Communications (17): 1948–1949. doi:10.1039/B205723A. PMID 12271688.
  7. Li, J.; Chen, Z.; Wang, R. J.; Proserpio, D. M. (1999). "Low temperature route towards new materials: Solvothermal synthesis of metal chalcogenides in ethylenediamine". Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 190–192: 707–735. doi:10.1016/S0010-8545(99)00107-1.
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