Seleucid dynasty

Seleucid dynasty
Seleucid dynasty
	The Vergina Sun remained a principal standard of the Seleucid dynasty, although the anchor and elephant were more prevalent.
Country	Syria, Persia
Founded	305 BC
Founder	Seleucus I
Final ruler	Philip II Philoromaeus
Titles	Lord of Asia; Shahanshah; Basileus of Persia; Basileus of Syria; King of Babylonia; King of Armenia; King of Macedon (claimed);
Dissolution	64 BC
Cadet branches	Diodotid dynasty (Bactria)

The Seleucid dynasty or the Seleucidae (from Greek: Σελευκίδαι, Seleukídai) was a Macedonian Greek royal family, founded by Seleucus I Nicator, which ruled the Seleucid Empire centered in the Near East and regions of the Asian part of the earlier Achaemenid Persian Empire during the Hellenistic period.

History

Background

Seleucus (c. 358 – 281 BC) served as an officer of Alexander the Great, commanding the elite infantry corps in the Macedonian army: the "Shield-bearers" (Hypaspistai), later known as the "Silvershields" (Ἀργυράσπιδες / Argyraspides). After the death of Alexander in 323 BC, the Partition of Triparadisus assigned Seleucus as satrap of Babylon in 321 BC. Antigonus, the satrap of much of Asia Minor, forced Seleucus to flee from Babylon, but, supported by Ptolemy, the Satrap of Egypt, Seleucus returned in 312 BC. Seleucus' later conquests included Persia and Media. He formed an alliance with the Indian King Chandragupta Maurya (reigned 324-297 BC). Seleucus defeated Antigonus in the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BC and Lysimachus (King of Thrace, Macedon and Asia Minor) in the battle of Corupedium (near Sardis) in 281 BC. Ptolemy Ceraunus assassinated Seleucus later in the same year. Seleucus' eldest son Antiochus I succeeded him as ruler of the Seleucid territories.

Modern history

In 2019, a citizen of Kyrgyzstan named Kubanychbek Kendirbaev founded a "Public Charitable Fund" called Seleucia; a historian and genealogist, he claimed he and his clan Beshkoruk are direct descendants of the Seleucid dynasty. Kendirbaev cited his emir grandfather Shyrdakbek Khan, a manuscript from a clan elder, and his DNA test showing markers of originally-Nordic Haplogroup I1, sparingly present in Greece but not Central Asia.[1]

Seleucid rulers

**Seleucid Rulers**
King	Reign (BC)	Consort(s)	Comments
Seleucus I Nicator	Satrap 320–315, 312–305 BC King 305–281 BC	Apama
Antiochus I Soter	co-ruler from 291, ruled 281–261 BC	Stratonice of Syria	Co-ruler with his father for 10 years.
Antiochus II Theos	261–246 BC	Laodice I Berenice	Berenice was a daughter of Ptolemy II of Egypt. Laodice I had her and her son murdered.
Seleucus II Callinicus	246–225 BC	Laodice II
Seleucus III Ceraunus (or Soter)	225–223 BC		Seleucus III was assassinated by members of his army.
Antiochus III the Great	223–187 BC	Laodice III Euboea of Chalcis	Antiochus III was a brother of Seleucus III.
Seleucus IV Philopator	187–175 BC	Laodice IV	This was a brother-sister marriage.
Antiochus IV Epiphanes	175–163 BC	Laodice IV	This was a brother-sister marriage.
Antiochus V Eupator	163–161 BC
Demetrius I Soter	161–150 BC	Apama ? Laodice V?	Son of Seleucus IV Philopator and Laodice IV.
Alexander I Balas	150–145 BC	Cleopatra Thea	Son of Antiochus IV and Laodice IV.
Demetrius II Nicator	first reign, 145–138 BC	Cleopatra Thea	Son of Demetrius I.
Antiochus VI Dionysus (or Epiphanes)	145–140 BC?		Son of Alexander Balas and Cleopatra Thea.
Diodotus Tryphon	140–138 BC		General who was a regent for Antiochus VI Dionysus. Took the throne after murdering his charge.
Antiochus VII Sidetes (or Euergetes)	138–129 BC	Cleopatra Thea	Son of Demetrius I.
Demetrius II Nicator	second reign, 129–126 BC	Cleopatra Thea	Demetrius was murdered at the instigation of his wife Cleopatra Thea.
Alexander II Zabinas	129–123 BC		Counter-king who claimed to be an adoptive son of Antiochus VII Sidetes.
Cleopatra Thea	126–121 BC		Daughter of Ptolemy VI of Egypt. Married to three kings: Alexander Balas, Demetrius II Nicator, and Antiochus VII Sidetes. Mother of Antiochus VI, Seleucus V, Antiochus VIII Grypus, and Antiochus IX Cyzicenus. Coregent with her son Antiochus VIII Grypus. Gorgias (Greek General) and War against Jews.
Seleucus V Philometor	126/125 BC		Murdered by his mother Cleopatra Thea.
Antiochus VIII Grypus	125–96 BC	Tryphaena of Egypt Cleopatra Selene I of Egypt
Antiochus IX Cyzicenus	114–96 BC	Cleopatra IV of Egypt Cleopatra Selene I of Egypt
Seleucus VI Epiphanes Nicator	96–95 BC
Antiochus X Eusebes Philopator	95–92 BC or 83 BC	Cleopatra Selene I
Demetrius III Eucaerus (or Philopator)	95–87 BC
Antiochus XI Epiphanes Philadelphus	95–92 BCE
Philip I Philadelphus	95–84/83 BC
Antiochus XII Dionysus	87–84 BC
Seleucus VII Kybiosaktes or Philometor	83–69 BC
Antiochus XIII Asiaticus	69–64 BC
Philip II Philoromaeus	65–63 BC

Family tree

Antiochus

Laodice

Seleucus I Nicator
Kg. 305–281

Apama

Achaeus

Stratonice

Antiochus I Soter
Kg. 281–261

Andromachus

Antiochus II Theos
Kg. 261–246

Laodice I

Achaeus
Kg. 220–213

Laodice II

Seleucus II Callinicus
Kg. 246–226

Antiochus Hierax
Kg. 240–228

Seleucus III Ceraunus
Kg. 226–223

Antiochus III the Great
Kg. 223–187

Laodice III

Seleucus IV Philopator
Kg. 187–175

Laodice IV

Antiochus IV Epiphanes
Kg. 175–163

Laodice V

Demetrius I Soter
Kg. 161–150

Antiochus V Eupator
Kg. 163–161

Alexander I Balas
Kg. 150–146

Cleopatra Thea
Qu. 125–121

Demetrius II Nicator
Kg. 145–125

Antiochus VII Sidetes
Kg. 138–129

Antiochus VI Dionysus
Kg. 144–142

Seleucus V Philometor
Kg. 126–125

Antiochus VIII Grypus
Kg. 125–96

Tryphaena

Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
Kg. 116–96

Seleucus VI Epiphanes
Kg. 96–95

Antiochus XI Epiphanes
Kg. 95–92

Philip I Philadelphus
Kg. 95–83

Demetrius III Eucaerus
Kg. 95–88

Antiochus XII Dionysus
Kg. 87–84

Antiochus X Eusebes
Kg. 95–83

Philip II Philoromaeus
Kg. 69–63

Seleucus VII Philometer
Kg. 83–69

Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
Kg. 69–64

References

Chrysopoulos, Philip (July 21, 2021). "Greek Descendants of the Seleucid Dynasty in Today's Kyrgyzstan". Greek Reporter. Archived from the original on 2022.

Sources

Glanville Downey (8 December 2015). History of Antioch. Princeton University Press. pp. 735–736. ISBN 978-1-4008-7773-7.
Mehrdad Kia (27 June 2016). The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 287–311. ISBN 978-1-61069-391-2.

External links

Livius, The Seleucid Empire by Jona Lendering

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[1] Chrysopoulos, Philip (July 21, 2021). "Greek Descendants of the Seleucid Dynasty in Today's Kyrgyzstan". Greek Reporter. Archived from the original on 2022.

Hellenistic rulers
Argeads	Philip II Alexander III the Great Philip III Arrhidaeus Alexander IV
Antigonids	Antigonus I Monophthalmus Demetrius I Poliorcetes Antigonus II Gonatas Demetrius II Aetolicus Antigonus III Doson Philip V Perseus Philip VI (pretender)
Ptolemies	Ptolemy I Soter Ptolemy Keraunos Ptolemy II Philadelphus Ptolemy III Euergetes Ptolemy IV Philopator Ptolemy V Epiphanes Cleopatra I Syra (regent) Ptolemy VI Philometor Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator Cleopatra II Philometor Soter Ptolemy VIII Physcon Cleopatra III Ptolemy IX Lathyros Ptolemy X Alexander Berenice III Ptolemy XI Alexander Ptolemy XII Auletes Cleopatra VI Tryphaena Berenice IV Epiphanea Ptolemy XIII Ptolemy XIV Cleopatra VII Philopator Ptolemy XV Caesarion
Kings of Cyrene	Magas Demetrius the Fair Ptolemy VIII Physcon Ptolemy Apion
Seleucids	Seleucus I Nicator Antiochus I Soter Antiochus II Theos Seleucus II Callinicus Seleucus III Ceraunus Antiochus III the Great Seleucus IV Philopator Antiochus IV Epiphanes Antiochus V Eupator Demetrius I Soter Alexander I Balas Demetrius II Nicator Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes Alexander II Zabinas Seleucus V Philometor Antiochus VIII Grypus Antiochus IX Cyzicenus Seleucus VI Epiphanes Antiochus X Eusebes Antiochus XI Epiphanes Demetrius III Eucaerus Philip I Philadelphus Antiochus XII Dionysus Antiochus XIII Asiaticus Philip II Philoromaeus
Lysimachids	Lysimachus Ptolemy Epigonos
Antipatrids	Cassander Philip IV Alexander V Antipater II Antipater Etesias Sosthenes
Attalids	Philetaerus Eumenes I Attalus I Eumenes II Attalus II Attalus III Eumenes III
Greco-Bactrians	Diodotus I Diodotus II Euthydemus I Demetrius I Euthydemus II Antimachus I Pantaleon Agathocles Demetrius II Eucratides I Plato Eucratides II Heliocles I
Indo-Greeks	Demetrius I Antimachus I Pantaleon Agathocles Apollodotus I Demetrius II Antimachus II Menander I Zoilos I Agathokleia Lysias Strato I Antialcidas Heliokles II Polyxenos Demetrius III Philoxenus Diomedes Amyntas Epander Theophilos Peukolaos Thraso Nicias Menander II Artemidoros Hermaeus Archebius Telephos Apollodotus II Hippostratos Dionysios Zoilos II Apollophanes Strato II Strato III
Kings of Bithynia	Boteiras Bas Zipoetes I Nicomedes I Zipoetes II Etazeta (regent) Ziaelas Prusias I Prusias II Nicomedes II Nicomedes III Nicomedes IV Socrates Chrestus
Kings of Pontus	Mithridates I Ctistes Ariobarzanes Mithridates II Mithridates III Pharnaces I Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos Mithridates V Euergetes Mithridates VI Eupator Pharnaces II Darius Arsaces Polemon I Pythodorida Polemon II
Kings of Commagene	Ptolemaeus Sames II Mithridates I Antiochus I Mithridates II Antiochus II Mithridates III Antiochus III Antiochus IV
Kings of Cappadocia	Ariarathes I Ariarathes II Ariamnes II Ariarathes III Ariarathes IV Ariarathes V Orophernes Ariarathes VI Ariarathes VII Ariarathes VIII Ariarathes IX Ariobarzanes I Ariobarzanes II Ariobarzanes III Ariarathes X Archelaus
Kings of the Cimmerian Bosporus	Paerisades I Satyros II Prytanis Eumelos Spartokos III Hygiainon (regent) Paerisades II Spartokos IV Leukon II Spartokos V Paerisades III Paerisades IV Paerisades V Mithridates I Pharnaces Asander with Dynamis Mithridates II Asander with Dynamis Scribonius’s attempted rule with Dynamis Dynamis with Polemon Polemon with Pythodorida Aspurgus Mithridates III with Gepaepyris Mithridates III Cotys I
Kings of Epirus	Admetus Tharrhypas Alcetas I Neoptolemus I Arybbas Alexander I Aeacides Neoptolemus II Alcetas II Pyrrhus I Alexander II Olympias II (regent) Pyrrhus II Ptolemy Pyrrhus III Deidamia
Hellenistic rulers were preceded by Hellenistic satraps in most of their territories.