Puresh

Puresh (Moksha: Каназор Пуреш) was a Moksha kanazor (king), ruler of the Murunza kingdom in Mokshaland (Middle Volga).[4] He was ally of Russian Grand Prince Yuri II of Vladimir and of the Cuman Khan Köten against the Volga Bulgars and Erzyas in the 1220s.[5]

Puresh
Kanazor
Battle of Legnica, medieval illuminated manuscript, collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles, California
Reign?–1241
SuccessorPrincess Narchat
Born
  • 1190
    Kadoma
Died9 April 1242(1242-04-09) (aged 51–52)
Legnica, Duchy of Legnica
Burial
Legnica, Duchy of Legnica
IssueAtämaz
Narchat
House
Fatherunknown
Motherunknown
ReligionTorah Judaism[3]
OccupationKanazor (King)

Europe Campaign

In September 1237 the Mongols invaded Moksha kingdom Murunza (Moxel 'Moksha Kingdom' in latin sources[6]). Mongols seized his capital Noronshasht. Jebe and Sübötäi forced Puresh to join the Mongol army in their European campaign. Puresh's warriors became the vanguard of the Mongol army and took part in the seizure of Kiev, Sandomierz and Zawichost.[7] Puresh secretly met with the High Duke of Poland, Henry II the Pious, on 8 April 1241, one day before the Battle of Legnica, and they agreed that the Moksha soldiers would join forces with the troops of the Silesia and Greater Poland. Subutai uncovered the plot - and Puresh, his son Атямас and many Moksha warriors were killed while they slept after midnight on 9 April 1241.[8]

Aftermath

Princess Narchat took a revenge on Mongols in 1242 and raided their convoys in Mokshaland. It led to an uprising which resulted in another war with Mongols returned from Europe known as Sernya battle. William of Rubruck described Mokshaland after the war as a land without cities with people dwell in forests since "their king and most of his men were killed in Germany where they were forced to go together with the Mongols".[9]

See also

Literature
  • Hakluyt, Richard (1599). "The iournal of frier William de Rubruquis a French man of the order of minorite friers, unto the east parts of the worlde A. Dom. 1253". The Principal Navigations Voyages Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation (in English and Latin). Vol. 1. London: George Bishop, Ralph Newberie, and Robert Baker. pp. 71–92 Latin text, 93–117 English translation. Based on British Library MS Royal 14.C.XIII Fol. 225r-236r and thus ends prematurely.
  • Opus Majus, Volume I in the Internet Archive – original text in Latin (including Part IV), ed. by John Henry Bridges, 1900.
  • Shtereshis, Michael (2013), Tamerlane and the Jews, London and New York: Routlege
  • Mayorov, Aleksandr (2021). "Woman, Diplomacy and War. Russian Princes In Negotiations With Batu Before Mongol Invasion" (in Russian). Steps Journal.

Notes
  1. Shtereshis 2013
  2. Mayorov 2021
  3. Shterenshis 2013, p. 18
  4. Карамзин Н. М. История государства Российского. Т. II. Москва, 1991, ISBN 978-5-02-009493-2
  5. Первушкин В. И., Пуреш / Пензенская энциклопедия. Москва, Научное издательство «Большая Российская энциклопедия», 2001, p. 509, ISBN 978-5-85270-234-0
  6. Itinerarium fratris Willielmi de Rubruquis de ordine fratrum Minorum, Galli, Anno gratia 1253. ad partes Orientales.
  7. John Bridges. The «Opus Majus» of Roger Bacon. Elibron Classics, 2000, ISBN 978-1-4021-9735-2
  8. Мадуров Д. Ф. Волжские земли в истории и культуре России: Материалы Всероссийской научной конференции//Мадуров Д. Ф. События XIII века в истории эрзи и мокши., О сражении на Золотарёвском городище осенью 1237 г. (Dmitry Madurov. 13th Century Events in Moksha and Erzya History., Sernya battle in autumn 1237), Mordovian State University, Saransk: Krasnyy Oktyabr, 2004. Part I — p. 264
  9. Itinerarium fratris Willielmi de Rubruquis de ordine fratrum Minorum, Galli, Anno gratia 1253. ad partes Orientales.


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