Project 211
Project 211 (Chinese: 211工程; pinyin: èryāoyāo gōngchéng or èryīyī gōngchéng) was a former project of high-level comprehensive universities and colleges initiated in 1995 by the Ministry of Education of China, with the intent of raising the research standards of high-level universities and cultivating strategies for socio-economic development. During the first phase of the project, from 1996 to 2000, approximately US$2 billion was distributed.[1] By 2008, China had some 116 institutions of higher education (approximately 6%) designated as 211 Project institutions for having met certain scientific, technical, and human resources standards and offering advanced degree programs.[2] Project 211 members are regarded as the tier 1 universities in China,[3] and viewed as some of the most prestigious universities of all Chinese universities.[4][5] Project 211's undergraduate program is extremely selective.[6] They admit students through an extremely competitive process of the National Higher Education Entrance Examination ("Gaokao") for undergraduate programs.[7]
 Map of Universities of Project 211 in China. All the universities of the C9 League and Project 985, which are marked in red and blue, respectively, are also members of Project 211. | |
| Formation | 1995 |
|---|---|
| Type | Public Universities, National Key Universities |
| Legal status | Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China |
Region served | Mainland China |
Membership | 116 Chinese Universities |
Official language | Chinese |
| History of the People's Republic of China (PRC) |
|---|
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| History of |
| Generations of leadership |
 China portal |
The name for the project comes from an abbreviation of the slogan "面向21世纪，办好100所高校 (In preparation for the 21st century, successfully managing 100 universities)". One hundred was the approximate number of participating universities.[2]
Since 2014, Project 211 has been mentioned less.[8][9] In October 2015, the State Council of P.R.China published the 'Overall Plan for Promoting the Construction of World First-Class Universities and First-Class Disciplines (Double First Class University Plan)' , and made new arrangements for the development of higher education in China, integrated previous projects including Project 211, Project 985, Project Characteristic Key Disciplines, etc.[10]
In September 2017, the full list of Double First Class University Plan was formally published by the central government of China, a total number of 140 universities are included in this plan, taking up about 4.65% of the total number of Chinese higher education institutions (3,012), which represents the most elite part of the higher education in China.[11]
In 2019, the Ministry of Education of China reiterated that the Project 211 had been coordinated into the Double First Class University Plan.[12]
List of universities
See also
- List of universities in China
- State Key Laboratories, a list of key laboratories receiving support from the central government of the P.R. China
- Double First Class University, a scheme for improving 140 of China's top universities
- C9 League, a formal group of 9 elite universities in the China
- Project 985, a project of developing 39 leading research universities in China
- Excellence League, an alliance of Chinese universities with strong backgrounds in engineering
- Big Four Institutes of Technology
- Yangtze Delta Universities Alliance
- Plan 111
- 863 Program
- Rankings of universities in China
References
- Li Lixu (2004). "China's Higher Education Reform 1998-2003: A Summary" (PDF). Asia Pacific Education Review. V (1): 14–22. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 23, 2010.
- ""211工程"大事记". Ministry of Education, PRC (in Chinese). Archived from the original on November 22, 2016. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
- ROBINSON, BIN W. U. AND BERNADETTE (2015), "Social justice through financial distribution at China's universities: a student survey in Shaanxi Province", Chinese Higher Education Reform and Social Justice, Routledge, doi:10.4324/9781315884691, retrieved April 26, 2022
- "Academic Ranking of World Universities 2021". Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. Archived from the original on August 15, 2021. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
- "2021 USNEWS Best Global Universities in China".
- "China's Entrance Exam Is More Competitive Than Ever | Inside Higher Ed". www.insidehighered.com. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
- Liu, Ye (October 8, 2016). The Gaokao as a Meritocratic Selection?. In: Higher Education, Meritocracy and Inequality in China. Higher Education in Asia: Quality, Excellence and Governance. Springer. p. 88. ISBN 978-981-10-1588-5.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - "Archived copy". Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) 南京有高校称“211建设”已暂停 - "Archived copy". Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) 985、211取消后 仅88所高校入选“111计划”（名单） - "国务院关于印发统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设总体方案的通知_政府信息公开专栏". www.gov.cn. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
- "China to develop 42 world-class universities". People's Daily. September 21, 2017.
- "关于985、211名单的咨询 - 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站". www.moe.gov.cn. Retrieved December 23, 2021.