List of political parties in Greece
Prior to the 2012 elections the characteristic Greek political system was a two-party system. The historically dominant parties have been New Democracy and the Panhellenic Socialist Movement. Under the electoral system a party needs to surpass a 3% threshold in the popular vote in order to enter parliament. The largest party gets a 50-seat bonus (out of 300 seats) ostensibly to ensure elections return viable governing majorities.
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In the Parliamentary elections held in 2009, five parties entered parliament: New Democracy (ND), the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), the Communist Party of Greece (KKE), the Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA) and the Popular Orthodox Rally (LA.O.S.). In the 2012 elections, seven parties entered the parliament: ND, SYRIZA, PASOK, Independent Greeks (ANEL), KKE, and Democratic Left (DIMAR).
Parties represented in the current Parliament and European Parliament
Minor parties
Defunct parties
Parties during the reign of King Otto (1833–1862)
- English Party (Greek: Αγγλικό Κόμμα) (liberal, pro-English) (1824–1863)
- French Party (Greek: Γαλλικό Κόμμα) (liberal, pro-French) (1824–1863)
- Russian Party (Greek: Ρώσσικο Κόμμα) (conservative, pro-Russian) (1825–1863)
- Party of Radicals (Greek: Κόμμα των Ριζοσπαστών) (radical, pro-union) (1848–1864) in the United States of the Ionian Islands
Parties during the reign of King George I (1863–1913)
- Liberal Party (Greek: Κόμμα Φιλελευθέρων) (Liberal) (1910–1961)
- Nationalist Party (Greek: Κόμμα Εθνικόφρονων, K.E.) – Komma Ethnikofronon, KE (conservative, nationalist) (1865–1909)
- Modernist Party (Greek: Νεωτεριστικόν Κομμα, Ν.Κ.) – Neoteristikon Komma, ΝΚ (Liberal, Liberal Nationalist) (1875–1910)
Parties during the reign of King Constantine I - Alexander – George II (1913–1924)
- Freethinkers' Party (Greek: Κόμμα των Ελευθερόφρονων K.E.) – Komma Eleftherofronon (Nationalist, Royalist) (1922–1936)
- Liberal Party (Greek: Κόμμα Φιλελευθέρων) (Liberal, Liberal Nationalist) (1910–1961)
- People's Party (Greek: Λαϊκόν Κόμμα Λ.Κ.) – Laiko Komma, LK (Conservative, Royalist) (1920–1958)
Parties during the Second Hellenic Republic (1924–1935)
- Agrarian Party (Greek: Άγροτικό Κόμμα, A.K.) – Agrotikon Komma, AK (1926–1956)
- Conservative Democratic Party (Greek: Συντιριτικό Δημοκρατικόν Κόμμα, Σ.Δ.Κ.) – Syntiritiko Demokratikon Komma, SDK (1932–1936)
- Democratic Union (Greek: Δημοκρατική Ένωσις, Δ.E.) – Demokratiki Enosis (Liberal) (1926–?)
- Democratic Socialist Party of Greece (Greek: Δημοκρατικό Σοσιαλιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδος, ΔΣΚ) – Demokratiko Sosialistiko Komma Ellados, DSK (Democratic Socialist) (1935–1950)
- Farmers' and Workers' Party (Greek: Άγροτικόν και Έργατικόν Κόμμα, Α.Ε.Κ.) – Agrotikon kai Ergatikon Komma/Agrotergatiko Komma, AEK (Rural radical) (1932–1936)
- General People's Radical Union (Greek: Γενική Λαïκή Ριζοσπαστική Ένωση, Γ.Λ.Ρ.Ε) – Geniki Laiki Rizospastiki Enosis, GLRE (1932–1936)
- Liberal Party (Greek: Κόμμα Φιλελευθέρων) – Komma Fileleutheron (Liberal, Liberal Nationalist) (1910–1961)
- Greek National Socialist Party (Greek: Ελληνικό Εθνικό Σοσιαλιστικό Κόμμα) – Elliniko Ethniko Sosialistiko Komma (National Socialist) (1932)
- Jewish Political Union (Greek: Εβραϊκή Πολιτική Ένωση) – Evraiki Politiki Enosi (1926–1932)
- Macedonian Union (Greek: Μακεδονική Ένωση) – Makedoniki Enosi (Conservative) (1935)
- National Radical Party (Greek: Εθνική Ριζοσπαστική Κόμμα, E.Ρ.K.) – Ethnikon Rizospastikon Komma, ERK (Conservative) (1932–1936)
- National Unionist Party (Greek: Εθνικόν Ενωτικόν Κόμμα, Ε.Ε.Κ.) – Ethnikon Enotikon Komma, EEK (1935–1950)
- People's Party (Greek: Λαϊκόν Κόμμα, Λ.Κ.) – Laiko Komma, LK (Conservative, Royalist) (1920–1958)
- Progressive Party (Greek: Προοδευτικόν Κόμμα, Π.Κ.) – Proodeftikon Komma, PK (1928–1964, 1981)
- Refugees' Liberal Party (Greek: Φιλελευθέρων Προσφιγικόν Κόμμα, Φ.Π.Κ.) – Fileleftheron Prosfijikon Komma, FPK (1926–?)
- Socialist Party of Greece (Greek: Σοσιαλιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας, ΣΚΕ) – Socialistikó Kómma Elládas, SKE (Socialist, Svolist) (1920–1953)
- Union of Royalists (Greek: Ένωσις Βασιλικών, EB) – Enosis Vasilikon (Monarchist-Conservative) (1935)
Parties during the restoration of King George II (1936–1946)
- Agrarian Party (Greek: Άγροτικό Κόμμα, A.K.) – Agrotikon Komma, AK (1926–1956)
- Conservative Democratic Party (Greek: Συντιριτικό Δημοκρατικόν Κόμμα, Σ.Δ.Κ.) – Syntiritiko Demokratikon Komma, SDK (1932–1936)
- Democratic Socialist Party of Greece (Greek: Δημοκρατικό Σοσιαλιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδος, ΔΣΚ) – Demokratiko Sosialistiko Komma Ellados, DSK (Democratic Socialist) (1935–1950)
- Democratic Union (Greek: Δημοκρατική Ένωσις, Δ.E.) – Demokratiki Enosis (Liberal) (1926–?)
- Farmers' and Workers' Party (Greek: Άγροτικόν και Έργατικόν Κόμμα, Α.Ε.Κ.) – Agrotikon kai Ergatikon Komma/Agrotergatiko Komma, AEK (Rural radical) (1932–1936)
- General People's Radical Union (Greek: Γενική Λαïκή Ριζοσπαστική Ένωση, Γ.Λ.Ρ.Ε) – Geniki Laiki Rizospastiki Enosis, GLRE (??) (1932–1936)
- Liberal Party (Greek: Κόμμα Φιλελευθέρων) – Komma Fileleutheron (Liberal, Liberal Nationalist) (1910–1961)
- National Party of Greece (Greek: Εθνικόν Κόμμα 'Ελλάδος, E.Κ.E.) – Ethnikon Komma Ellados, E.K.E. (Monarchist, Conservative) (1946–1967)
- National People's Party (Greek: Εθνικόν Λαϊκόν Κόμμα, E.Λ.Κ.) – Ethniko Laiko Komma, E.L.K. (1936)
- National Political Union (Greek: Εθνική Πολιτική Ένωσις, Ε.Π.Ε.) – Ethniki Politiki Enosis, E.P.E. (Liberal) (1946)
- National Radical Party (Greek: Εθνική Ριζοσπαστική Κόμμα, E.Ρ.K.) – Ethnikon Rizospastikon Komma, ERK (Conservative) (1932–1936)
- National Unionist Party (Greek: Εθνικόν Ενωτικόν Κόμμα, Ε.Ε.Κ.)– Ethnikon Enotikon Komma, EEK (1935–1950)
- People's Party (Greek: Λαϊκόν Κόμμα, Λ.Κ.) – Laiko Komma, LK (Conservative, Royalist) (1920–1958)
- Progressive Party (Greek: Προοδευτικόν Κόμμα, Π.Κ.) – Proodeftikon Komma, PK (1928–1964, 1981)
- Reform Party (Greek: Μεταρρυθμιστικόν Κόμμα, M.K.) – Metarrythmistikon Komma, MK (1936)
- Union of Agrarian Parties (Greek: Ένωσις Άγροτικόν Κομμάτων, Ε.Α.Κ.) – Enosis Agrotikon Kommaton, EAK (Agrarian) (1946)
- Union of the Nationally Minded (Greek: Ένωσις Εθνικοφρόνων, Ε.Ε.) – Enosis Ethnikofronon, ΕΕ (Monarchist, Conservative) (1946)
- United Order of Patriot-Thinkers (Greek: Ηνωμένη Παράταξις Εθνικοφρόνων, Η.Π.Ε.) – Inomeni Parataxis Ethnikofronon, I.P.E. (Conservative) (1946)
Parties during the reigns of Kings Paul and Constantine II (1946–1973)
- 4th of August Party (Greek: Κόμμα 4ης Αυγούστου) – Kómma 4is Avgoústou, Κ4Α (Nationalist) (1965–1977)
- Center Union (Greek: Ένωση Κέντρου) – Enosi Kentrou, E.K. (Liberal) (1961–1967)
- Christian Democracy (Greek: Χριστιανική Δημοκρατία) – Christianikē Dēmokratia (socialist) (1963)
- Communist Party of Greece (Interior) (Greek: Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας Εσωτερικού) – KKE Esoterikou (Eurocommunism) (1968–1986)
- Democratic Socialist Party of Greece (Greek: Δημοκρατικό Σοσιαλιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδος, ΔΣΚ) – Demokratiko Sosialistiko Komma Ellados, DSK (Democratic Socialist) (1935–1950)
- Greek Rally (Greek: Ελληνικός Συναγερμός, Ε.Σ.) – Ellinikos Synagermos, E.S. (Conservative, Royalist) (1951–1956)
- Politically Independent Alignment (Greek: Πολιτική Ανεξάρτητός Παράταξις, Π.Α.Π.) – Politiki Anexartitos Parataxis, PAP (Metaxist) (1950–?)
- Left Liberals (Greek: Αριστεροί Φιλελεύθεροι, Α.Φ.) – Aristeroi Fileleutheroi, AF (communist) (1950–?)
- Liberal Democratic Center (Greek: Φιλελεύθερον Δημοκρατικόν Κέντρον, Φ.Δ.Κ.) – Filelefthero Dimokratiko Kentro, FDK (Liberal) (1965–1966)
- Liberal Democratic Union (Greek: Φιλελεύθερη Δημοκρατική Ένωση, Φ.Δ.Ε.) (1956–1957)
- Liberal Party (Greek: Κόμμα Φιλελευθέρων) (Liberal, Liberal Nationalist) (1910–1961)
- Movement for Democracy and Socialism (Greek: Κίνημα Δημοκρατίας και Σοσιαλισμού) – (socialist) (1963)
- National Party of Greece (Greek: Εθνικόν Κόμμα 'Ελλάδος, E.Κ.E.) – Ethnikon Komma Ellados, E.K.E. (Monarchist-Conservative) (1946–1967)
- National Progressive Center Union (Greek: Εθνική Προοδευτική Ένωσις Κέντρου, E.Π.Ε.Κ.) – Ethniki Proodeutiki Enosi Kentrou, EPEK (1952)
- National Progressive Party (Greek: Δημοκρατικό Προοδευτικό Κόμμα, Δ.Π.Κ.) – Dimokratiko Proodeutiko Komma, DPK (1950–?)
- National Radical Union (Greek: Εθνική Ριζοσπαστική Ένωσις, E.Ρ.E.) – Ethniki Rizospastiki Enosis, E.R.E. (Conservative, Royalist) (1955–1967)
- New Party (Greek: Νέο Κόμμα, N.K.) – Neo Komma, NK (conservative) (1947–1951)
- Pandemocratic Agrarian Front (Greek: Πανδημοκρατικόν Αγροτικόν Μέτωπον) – Pandimokratikon Agrotikon Metopon (Socialist) (1961)
- Party of Christian Democracy (1956)
- Party of I. Sofianopoulos (Greek: Κόμμα του Ι. Σοφιανόπουλου) – Komma tou I. Sofianopoulou (communist) (1950–?)
- Party of Progressive Liberals (Greek: Κόμμα των Προοδευτικών Φιλελευθέρων) – Komma ton Prodethikon Fileleutheron (liberal) (1950–?)
- People's Social Party (Greek: Λαϊκόν Κοινωνικόν Κόμμα, Λ.Κ.Κ.) – Laikon Koinonikon Komma, LKK (1955)
- Progressive Party (Greek: Προοδευτικόν Κόμμα, Π.Κ.) – Proodeftikon Komma, PK (1928–1964, 1981)
- Progressive Rural Democratic Union (1958)
- Rally of Farmers and Workers (Parataxis Agroton kai Ergazomenon) – ?? (Agrarian) (1951–1952)
- Socialist Party-Democratic Popular Union (Greek: Σοσιαλιστικό Κόμμα-Ένωση Λαïκής Δημοκρατίας, Σ.Κ.-Ε.Λ.Δ.) – Sosialistiko Komma-Enosi Laikis Dimokratias, SK-ELD (Socialist) (1950–1952)
- Union of the People's Party (1958)
- United Democratic Left (Greek: Ενιαία Δημοκρατική Αριστερά, Ε.Δ.Α. – Eniaia Dimokratiki Aristera, EDA (Communist) (1951–1977)
Parties during the Third Hellenic Republic (1974–present)
- Center Union - New Forces (Greek: Ένωσις Κέντρου-Νέες Δυνάμεις) – Enosi Kentrou-Nees Dynameis (Social Democratic, Liberal) (1974–1977)
- Democratic Alignment (Greek: Δημοκρατική Παράταξη, Δ.Π.) – Dimokratiki Parataxi, DP (1977)
- Democratic Alliance (Greek: Δημοκρατική Συμμαχία, Δ.Σ.) – Dimokratiki Symmahia, DS (Centrist, Neoliberal) (2010–2012)
- Democratic Renewal (Greek: Δημοκρατική Ανανέωση, DH.ANA) – Dimokratiki Ananeosi, DIANA (Conservative) (1985–1994)
- Democratic Revival (Greek: Δημοκρατική Αναγέννηση, Δ.Α.) – Dimokratiki Anagenissi, DA (National Conservative, Christian Socialist) (2004, 2007–?)
- Democrat Socialists' Movement (Greek: Κίνημα Δημοκρατών Σοσιαλιστών) – Kinima Demokraton Sostialiston (2015–?)
- Drassi (Greek: Δράση) (Liberalism, Classical liberalism, Postnationalism, Decentralization, Economic liberalism) (2009–2019)
- Drachmi Greek Democratic Movement Five Stars (Patriotic Socialism, eurosceptic) (2013–?)
- Ecologists of Greece (Greek: Οικολόγοι Ελλάδας, Ο.Ε.) – Oikologoi Elladas, OE (Green conservative, Right-wing populist) (1988–?)
- Greek Left (Greek: Ελληνική Αριστερά) (Eurocommunism, Radicalism, Democratic Socialism) (1987–1992)
- Hellenic Front (Greek: Ελληνικό Μέτωπο) – Elliniko Metopo (Nationalist, Rightist) (1994–2004)
- Hellenic Women's Political Party (Greek: Κόμμα Ελληνίδων Γυναικών) – Komma Ellinidon Ginaikon (Feminist) (?–?)
- Liberal Democratic Union-Socialist Party (Greek: Φιλελεύθερη Δημοκρατική Ένωση-Σοσιαλιστικό Κόμμα, Φ.Δ.Ε.-Σ.Κ.) (1974)
- Liberal Party (Κόμμα Φιλελευθέρων) (1980–2012)
- The Liberals (Greek: Οι Φιλελεύθεροι) – Oi Fileleftheroi (Liberal) (1999–2004)
- Movement of Free Citizens (Greek: Κίνημα Ελευθέρων Πολιτών, Κ.Ε.Π.) – Kinima Eleftheron Politon, K.E.P. (Liberal, Liberal Conservative) (2001–2002)
- Movement for a United Communist Party of Greece (Greek: Κίνηση για Ενιαίο, ΚΚΕ) (Communist) (1993–1996)
- National Alignment (Greek: Εθνική Παράταξις, Ε.Π.)- Ethniki Parataxis, E.P. (Nationalist, Royalist) (1977)
- National Democratic Union (Greek: Εθνική Δημοκρατική Ένωσις) – Ethniki Dimokratiki Enosis (Rightist) (1974)
- National Political Union (Greek: Εθνική Πολιτική Ένωσις, Ε.Π.ΕΝ.) – Ethniki Politiki Enosis, E.P.EN. (Rightist, Nationalist) (1984–1996)
- Organisation of Communists Marxists-Leninists of Greece (Greek: Οργάνωση Κομμουνιστών Μαρξιστών-Λενινιστών Ελλάδας, ΟΚΜΛΕ) (Communist, Maoist) (1982–1993)
- Panathinaikos Movement (Greek: Παναθηναικό Κίνημα ΠΑΝ.ΚΙ)(2012–)
- Panhellenic Macedonian Front (Greek: Πανελλήνιο Μακεδονικό Μέτωπο, ΠΑ.Μ.ΜΕ.) (2009–?)
- Party of Democratic Socialism (Greek: Κόμμα του Δημοκρατικού Σοσιαλισμού, ΚΟΔΗΣΟ) – Komma tou Dimokratikou Sosialismou, KODISO (social democratic, democratic socialist) (1981–?)
- Party of Hellenism (Greek: Κόμμα Ελληνισμού) – Komma Ellinismou (Nationalist, Populist) (1984–2004)
- Party of New Liberals (Greek: Kόμμα των Nεοφιλελευθέρων, K.N.) – Komma ton Neofileftheron, KN (Liberal, Liberal Conservative) (1977–1978)
- Patriotic Alliance (Greek: Πατριωτική Συμμαχία) – Patriotiki Symmachia, PATRI.S. (Nationalist, Far Right) (2004–2007)
- Peoples Democratic Unity – LDE (1977)
- Political Spring (Greek: Πολιτική Άνοιξη) – POL.AN (Conservative, Nationalist) (1993–2004)
- Popular Union of Bipartisan Social Groups (Greek: Λαϊκές Ενώσεις Υπερκομματικών Κοινωνικών Ομάδων) – LEFKO (Populist) (1989–?)
- Progress and Left Forces Alliance (Greek: Συμμαχία Προοδευτικών και Αριστερών Δυνάμεων) (Democratic socialism, Christian socialism, Eurocommunism, Radicalism) (1977–1981)
- Progressive Party (Greek: Προοδευτικόν Κόμμα, Π.Κ.) – Proodeftikon Komma, PK (1928–1964, 1981)
- Front Line (Greek: Πρώτη Γραμμή) – Proti Grammi (Nationalist) (1999–?)
- Radical Left Front (Greek: Μέτωπο Ριζοσπαστικής Αριστεράς) – ME.R.A. (Radical Left) (1999–2009)
- Radical Movement of Social Democratic Alliance (Greek: Ριζοσπαστική Κίνηση Σοσιαλδημοκρατικής Συμμαχίας) – RIKSSY (Social democracy) (2012–2013)
- Rainbow (Greek: Ουράνιο Τόξο Ouránio Tóxo, Slavic Macedonian: Виножито Vinožito)
- Reformers for Democracy and Development (Μεταρρυθμιστές της Αριστεράς για τη Δημοκρατία και την Ανάπτυξη) (2014–2019)
- Republican Union (Greek: Δημοκρατική Ένωσις, Δ.Ε.) – Dimokratiki Enosis, DE
- Revolutionary Communist Party of Greece (Greek: Επαναστατικό Κουμουνιστικό Κόμμα 'Ελλάδος) – Epanastatiko Koumounistiko Komma Ellados, EKKE (Communist) (1974)
- United Democratic Left (Greek: Ενιαία Δημοκρατική Αριστερά) – Eniaia Dimokratiki Aristera (Democratic socialism, Communism, Pacifism) (1951–1977)
- United Left (Greek: Ενωμένη Αριστερά) (Communism, Democratic socialism, Eurocommunism) (1974–1977)
- United Nationalist Movement (Greek: Ενιαίο Εθνικιστικό Κίνημα, ΕΝ.Ε.Κ.) – Eniaio Ethnikistiko Kinima, ENEK (Extreme Right, Nationalist) (1979–1989)
- United Socialist Alignment of Greece (Greek: Ενιαία Σοσιαλιστική Παράταξη Ελλάδας, Ε.Σ.Π.Ε.) – Eniaia Sosialistiki Parataxi Elladas (Socialist) (1984–1989)
- Golden Dawn (Greek: Λαϊκός Σύνδεσμος – Χρυσή Αυγή) – Laïkós Sýndesmos – Chrysí Avgí (Ultranationalism) (1993–2020, banned)
See also
Further reading
- Lyrintzis, Christos (March 2005). "The Changing Party System: Stable Democracy, Contested 'Modernisation'". West European Politics. 28 (2): 242–259. doi:10.1080/01402380500058845. S2CID 154731903.
- Pappas, Takis S. (April 2003). "The transformation of the Greek party system since 1951". West European Politics. 26 (2): 90–114. doi:10.1080/01402380512331341121. S2CID 153514846.
- Here Are The Parties That Really Matter In Greece's Upcoming Election via Bloomberg Politics. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
References
- José M. Magone (2003). The Politics of Southern Europe: Integration Into the European Union. Praeger. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-275-97787-0.
- Norman Schofield; Gonzalo Caballero (11 June 2011). Political Economy of Institutions, Democracy and Voting. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 320. ISBN 978-3-642-19519-8.
- Kalaitzidis, Akis (2009), Europe's Greece: A Giant in the Making, Palgrave Macmillan, p. 29
- Robert Thomson (2011). Resolving Controversy in the European Union: Legislative Decision-Making before and after Enlargement. Cambridge University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-139-50517-8.
- Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "Greece". Parties and Elections in Europe.
- John Milios (December 2016). "SYRIZA: From 'Subversion' to Centre-Left Pragmatism" (PDF). National Technical University of Athens.
- "Tsipras and the Atheists: The Role of Secularism in Greece's Financial Crisis". The Humanist. 14 July 2015.
- "Party Encyclopedia & Polling Averages:Greece". Europe Elects.
- Sarantis Michalopoulos (10 April 2017). "Syriza: Europeanism without federalism is "meaningless"". EURACTIV.
- Filippa Chatzistavrou (17 May 2019). "THE 2019 EP ELECTION FROM A GREEK PERSPECTIVE". Netherlands Institute of International Relations.
- Yanis Varoufakis: From an Economics without Capitalism to Markets without Capitalism | DiEM25, retrieved 2021-10-16
- Manifesto of MeRA25, "Εμείς δεν μένουμε Ευρώπη, είμαστε η Προοδευτική Ευρώπη!" ("We don't stay Europe, we are a Progressive Europe!")
- "Ασφάλιση εργαζομένων, Συνδικαλισμός" [Worker Insurance, Syndicalism]. Οι Θέσεις του ΜέΡΑ25 [The Policies of MeRA25] (PDF). 2021. pp. 63–64.
- Manifesto of MeRA25, "Όμως, μετά τη δημιουργία της ευρωζώνης, το κόστος εξόδου είναι μεγάλο τόσο για τη χώρα που εξέρχεται όσο και για την υπόλοιπη Ευρώπη" ("But, after the creation of the Eurozone, the cost of exiting is high both for the country that is leaving as well as for the rest of Europe")
- "Introducing Popular Unity". Jacobin Magazine. 21 August 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
- "Lafazanis: Greek rebel with a eurosceptic cause". EUBusiness. 21 August 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
- "Τζήμερος, η (ακρο)δεξιά ρητορεία του αμόλυντου". 5 June 2012.
- "Οι ακροδεξιές απόψεις του Θάνου Τζήμερου: Ονειρεύεται μετανάστες - οικονομικούς σκλάβους!".
- https://www.amadeu-antonio-stiftung.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/ESOH-LOCKED-FINAL.pdf
- "2012 Greek (2nd) Parliamentary Post-Election Report". 19 June 2012.
- "Θάνος Τζήμερος: Ένας γνήσιος εκφραστής του νεοφιλελευθερισμού".
- "Η δεξιά του νεοφιλελευθερισμού".
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