Polyneoptera

The cohort Polyneoptera[1][2] is a proposed taxonomic ranking for the Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, etc.) and all other Neopteran insects believed to be more closely related to Orthoptera than to any other insect orders. These winged insects, now in the Paraneoptera, were formerly grouped as the Hemimetabola or Exopterygota on the grounds that they have no metamorphosis, the wings gradually developing externally throughout the nymphal stages.[3]

Polyneoptera
Some representatives
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota
Branch: Metapterygota
Infraclass: Neoptera
Cohort: Polyneoptera
Martynov, 1938
Synonyms
  • Dermapterida
  • Gryllones
  • Mystroptera
  • Orthoptères
  • Orthopteroid Orders
  • Orthopteroidea
  • Paurometabola
  • Polyneopterata
  • Polyorthoptera
  • Polyplecoptera
  • Plecopterida
  • Plecopterodea

Superorders and orders

The Polyneoptera Species File lists the following:[4]

Superorder Dictyoptera

Superorder Orthopterida

Synonyms include: Archaeorthoptera, Gryllidea, Orthopterodea, Orthopterodida, Orthopteroidea, Panorthoptera

  • †Caloneurodea
  • †Geraroptera
  • Orthoptera – 2 extant suborders:
    • Caelifera – grasshoppers, groundhoppers, pygmy mole-crickets
    • Ensifera – crickets, mole-crickets, katydids or bush crickets, camel crickets, wetas, etc.
  • †Titanoptera – from the Triassic period
  • order Incertae sedis
    • family †Cacurgidae Handlirsch, 1911
    • family †Chresmodidae Haase, 1890
    • family †Permostridulidae Béthoux, Nel, Lapeyrie & Gand, 2003
    • family †Protophasmatidae Brongniart, 1885
      • genus †Chenxiella Liu, Ren & Prokop, 2009
      • genus †Lobeatta Béthoux, 2005
      • genus †Nectoptilus Béthoux, 2005
      • genus †Sinopteron Prokop & Ren, 2007

Superorder †Perlidea (synonym Plecopteroidea)
  • †Cnemidolestida

Superorder Anartioptera

Stem-Phasmatodea
  • †family Xiphopteridae Sharov 1968
  • †family Prochresmodidae Vishnyakova 1980
  • †family Aeroplanidae Tillyard 1918
  • † family Cretophasmatidae Sharov 1968
  • † family Aerophasmatidae Martynov, 1928
  • Phasmatodea – stick and leaf insects

Superorder not placed

References
  1. Martynov, AV (1938). "Studies on the geological history and phylogeny of the orders of insects (Pterygota)". Tr. Paleont. Inst. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR (in Russian). 7 (4): 70.
  2. Delclos; Nel; Azar; Bechly; Dunlop; Engel; Heads (2008). "The enigmatic Mesozoic insect taxon Chresmodidae (Polyneoptera): New palaeobiological and phylogenetic data, with the description of a new species from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 247 (3): 353–381. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2008/0247-0353.
  3. Entomology Endopterygota. Royal Entomological Society. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  4. Polyneoptera, Species File (Version 5.0/5.0; retrieved 5 September 2020)
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