Oroch language

The Oroch language is an critically endangered language spoken by the Oroch people in Siberia. It is a member of the southern group of the Tungusic languages and is closely related to the Nanai language and Udege language. It is spoken in the Khabarovsk Krai (Komsomolsky, Sovetskaya Gavan, and Ulchsky districts). The language is split into three dialects: Tumninsky, Khadinsky, and Hungarisky. At the beginning of the 21st century, a written form of the language was created. According to research, the language is now completely extinct.[2]

Not to be confused with Orok language.

Oroch
Орочи кэсэни
Native toRussia
RegionRussian Far East
Ethnicity600 Orochs (2010 census)[1]
Native speakers
8 (2010 census)[1]
Tungusic
  • Udegheic
    • Oroch Group
      • Oroch
Cyrillic
Language codes
ISO 639-3oac
Glottologoroc1248
ELPOroch

Genealogical and areal characteristics

According to the data of 2002, there were 257 speakers of the Oroch language (the data are erroneous - native speakers of the Oroch language were also recorded among the speakers of the Orok language) Comment:. According to the 2010 census, the number of carriers was 8 people. According to the researchers, already in the late 1990s, only the most elderly Orochi could utter a few phrases. The Association of Indigenous Peoples of the Khabarovsk Territory stated that the last speaker of the Oroch language died in 2008. In 2010, this association held a meeting of elderly Orochi, who together were able to remember about 20 Orochi words, but at the same time could not restore the score from 1 to 10.[2]

Orthography
А а Б б В в Г г Д д Е е Ё ё Ж ж
З з И и Й й К к Л л М м Н н Ӈ ӈ
О о П п Р р С с Т т У у Ф ф Х х
Ц ц Ч ч Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э
Ю ю Я я

Phonology
Vowels[3]
FrontCentralBack
Close i iːu uː
ʊ ʊː
Mid ə əː ɔ ɔː
Open æː a aː
Consonants[4]
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive voiceless p t tʃ k
voiced b d dʒ~ʒ ɡ
Fricative voiceless s x
voiced v ɣ
Rhotic r
Lateral l
Approximant j

References
  1. Oroch at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. Е. В. Перехвальская (2016). Орочский язык. М.: "Азбуковник". pp. 339—342/872. ISBN 978-5-91172-129-9.
  3. Avrorin & Boldyrev (2001)
  4. Avrorin (2001)

Bibliography
  • Abramova, G. S. (2002). Illustrated Dictionary of the Oroch Language (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: Drofa.
  • Avrorin, V. A. (В. А. Авронин); Boldyrev, B. V. (Б. В. Болдырев) (2001). Grammatika orochskogo yazyka Грамматика орочского языка [An Oroch grammar] (in Russian). Novosibirsk: SO RAN. ISBN 5-7692-0396-X.
  • Альбина Гирфанова (1994). "Орочский язык". Контактологический энциклопедический словарь-справочник: Северный регион. Языки народов Севера, Сибири и Дальнего Востока в контактах с русским языком. М. (1). (in Russian)


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