Ontario Line

The Ontario Line is a planned rapid transit line in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Its northern terminus will be at Eglinton Avenue and Don Mills Road, at Science Centre station, where it will connect with Line 5 Eglinton. Its southern terminus will be at the existing Exhibition GO Station on the Lakeshore West line. The Ontario Line was announced by the Government of Ontario on April 10, 2019.[7][8] The Ontario government estimated the cost at $10.9 billion for this 15.6-kilometre (9.7 mi) line and hoped to complete the project by 2027,[7][6] a completion date that, by December 2020, had been revised to 2030.[5] A groundbreaking ceremony for the project took place on March 27, 2022.[9]

Ontario Line
Overview
StatusPlanned
OwnerMetrolinx
LocaleToronto, Ontario
TerminiScience Centre, Exhibition
Stations15
Service
TypeRapid transit[1][2][3][4]
SystemToronto subway
History
Planned opening2030 (2030)[5]
Technical
Line length15.6[6] km (9.7 mi)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
Electrification1,500 V DC from overhead catenary
Route map

 Science Centre
Flemingdon Park
 Thorncliffe Park
Don River
Cosburn
 Pape
Lakeshore East line
 Gerrard
Riverside–Leslieville
East Harbour
DVP
Don River
Richmond Hill line
Corktown
Moss Park
Queen–Yonge
Osgoode
Queen–Spadina
King–Bathurst
Milton, Kitchener,
and Barrie lines
 Exhibition
Lakeshore West line

Project history
Bloor–Yonge station during a service disruption on Line 1 Yonge–University
See also: Relief Line (Toronto) § Ontario Line

The City of Toronto had been developing a rapid transit line, known as the "Relief Line South",[lower-alpha 1] between Pape station on Line 2 Bloor–Danforth and Osgoode station on Line 1 Yonge–University. In the early months of 2019, the Ontario government announced its intentions to take over subway construction in Toronto. In a surprise announcement in April 2019, the Ontario government announced the Ontario Line, which at that time appeared to incorporate much of the routing and many of the station locations of the Relief Line.[10] Unlike the City design, the Ontario Line would be a "standalone" line, one that would use lighter rolling stock and shorter trainsets than the Toronto Transit Commission's existing subway lines.[11] Members of Toronto City Council expressed their concerns that the new line would set back the delivery of rapid transit and potentially waste money the City of Toronto had already spent on the Relief Line's design.

Metrolinx prepared the plan for the Ontario Line in just three months based on a proposal by transit consultant Michael Schabas. Metrolinx hired Schabas in December 2018 to lead a team to transform the Relief Line plans into the Ontario Line. Schabas was a proponent of using lighter metro vehicles such as those used for the London's Docklands Light Railway, such vehicles being suitable for steeper grades and elevated structures. A draft plan was ready by January 31, 2019. Doug Ford approved the plan after a February 26 presentation. Metrolinx kept the project a secret until the government chose to announce it on April 10.[12]

As initially announced in April 2019, the route of the Ontario Line seemed to follow much of the route of the Relief Line, beginning at Exhibition Place, travelling northeast to King and Bathurst Streets, then northeast to Spadina Avenue and Queen Street. It then proceeded eastward through downtown along Queen Street before turning southeast in the area of Parliament Street south to Eastern Avenue. The line had one station on King and Sumach, then made an east–west crossing of the Lower Don River to a station at Broadview and Eastern Avenue. The line proceeded northeast to Pape Avenue and Danforth Avenue and continued north along Pape, making a north–south crossing of the Don River to the Thorncliffe Park neighbourhood. The line continued northeast along Don Mills Road to terminate at Don Mills Road and Eglinton Avenue.[13]

The announcement that the line would extend to a new station at Ontario Place stirred controversy, as Ontario Premier Doug Ford had spoken of transforming Ontario Place, previously a family-oriented venue, into an adult-oriented casino complex, and some suspected that the plan to have the transit line extend to Ontario Place was aimed at visiting gamblers, not the citizens of Ontario.[14][15][16][17][18] Ford has denied that the extension is related to any casino plans.[19] The Globe and Mail reported that no previous plan had ever considered making Ontario Place a rapid transit destination and that the announcement surprised everyone, including Mayor of Toronto John Tory.[16]

In July 2019, the Toronto Star obtained and reported on confidential documents from Metrolinx. They showed that the proposed route would be markedly different from that of the Relief Line South and involve significant lengths of at-grade or elevated track. The Ontario Place station was eliminated with an Exhibition station added near the Exhibition GO Station. The section between Queen/Sherbourne and Gerrard stations would come to the surface and mostly follow a railway right-of-way instead of being tunnelled. The new route would substitute a Corktown station about 500 metres (1,600 ft) west of the proposed location for Sumach station on the Relief Line. The Ontario Line would share less than half the planned route of the Relief Line between Osgoode and Pape stations.[20]

In October 2019, Mayor John Tory and Premier Doug Ford reached a tentative deal in which the city would endorse the line and the TTC's subway network would not be taken over by the provincial government.[21] The deal was later approved by Toronto City Council in a 22–3 decision.[22]

The Ontario Line is being delivered as three separate public-private partnership (P3) procurement contracts: one rolling stock, systems, operations and maintenance contract for the entire line and two separate civil, stations and tunnel contracts – one for the southern segment and one for the northern segment of the line. The schedules for each contract will be aligned to allow for a single in-service date for the Ontario Line.[23]

Procurement

On June 2, 2020, Infrastructure Ontario (IO) and Metrolinx issued two requests for qualifications (RFQs) for the southern civil, stations and tunnels contract and the rolling stock, systems, operations and maintenance contract – marking the first phase of procurement for the Ontario Line. The RFQ for the northern civil, stations and tunnel contract, the northern portion of the Ontario Line from Gerrard Station to the Ontario Science Centre, is expected to be issued in early 2022.[6]

Construction

Construction officially began on March 27, 2022, at Exhibition Place, with a ground-breaking ceremony attended by Doug Ford, John Tory, and other politicians and officials.[9]

Concerns

After a draft of the Ontario Line's business case was disclosed in July 2019, a number of concerns were raised by transit experts:

  • Doubts were expressed that the line could be completed within budget and by 2027. Metrolinx plans to start the procurement process in 2020 to allow bidding companies to comment on the feasibility of the 2027 completion date.[24] The estimated completion had been revised to 2030 by December 2020.[5]
  • It may be challenging to fit the Ontario Line along GO Transit's Lakeshore East corridor. The Ontario Line would need to be added to three existing overpasses.[24] If the Ontario Line requires widening of the Lakeshore East embankment, property acquisitions may be required including nearby houses, businesses and community facilities.[25][26] In September 2020, Metrolinx said the platform area of the former Grand Trunk Railway's Riverdale railway station gave the rail corridor extra width at Queen Street; thus, the Ontario Line would not impact the adjacent Jimmie Simpson Community Centre.[27]
  • Flood mitigation projects and reconstruction of the Gardiner Expressway at Lower Don River may impede Ontario Line construction.[24]
  • There are doubts that passengers can alight and board smaller Ontario Line trains quickly enough to achieve the projected 90-second train frequency. Metrolinx insists the frequency can be met by reducing station dwell times.[24]
  • There is a concern that winter conditions may adversely affect train operations on an elevated track like Line 3 Scarborough, which also uses light metro technology.[24]
  • The elevated structures may have a greater environmental impact with respect to noise, vibration and visual presence than with an underground right-of-way. Metrolinx proposes using mitigation strategies involving "systems, maintenance and track design" to reduce noise and vibration, and new community spaces and parks "to offset (the) visual impact and footprint of the elevated structure".[28] Another design decision Metrolinx must make is whether the elevated structure along Don Mills Road would be above or beside the road.[29] In September 2020, Metrolinx said it would build noise walls along the rail corridor between Gerrard and East Harbour stations.[27]
  • Some of the savings for surface construction may be partially offset by the cost of building surface-to-tunnel transitions at Cherry Street and at Gerrard Street.[25]
  • Operating costs for the above-ground sections may be higher due to exposure to the elements.[25]
  • Operating the Ontario Line along an elevated Lakeshore East embankment might require slower speeds in order to navigate grades and curves.[25]

Description

Route
The Ontario Line as it is expected to appear on system maps after opening
Science Centre station under construction (as a Line 5 Eglinton station) in 2020

The following route description is based on a revised plan issued by Metrolinx in September and October 2020, plus a revision published in April 2021.

The northeastern terminus of the Ontario Line would be Science Centre station at Don Mills Road and Eglinton Avenue. This station would be a transfer point for Line 5 Eglinton and TTC buses. The Ontario Line platform would be on an elevated structure above Science Centre station's bus terminal, located north of Eglinton Avenue on the east side of Don Mills Road.[30]

Continuing south on an elevated structure, the line would cross Eglinton Avenue and then cross to the west side of Don Mills Road, passing through Flemingdon Park station located on a northwest corner opposite Gateway Boulevard. Immediately south of this station, the line would turn west along the Hydro One right-of-way, and cross the Don Valley on a new bridge. Continuing west on the other side of the valley, the line would pass the Ontario Line maintenance and storage facility. The line would jog south to Overlea Boulevard and then jog west on the north side of that street on an elevated structure. The line would pass through Thorncliffe Park station, which would be over the western portion of Thorncliffe Park Boulevard. Continuing west on an elevated structure, the line would curve south over Millwood Road across the Don Valley on a new bridge roughly parallel and west of Leaside Bridge. On the south side of the valley crossing, the line would enter a tunnel under Minton Place.[30]

From Minton Place, the line would continue south under Pape Avenue, passing through Cosburn and Pape stations. The tunnel, mainly under Pape Avenue, would bow slightly to the west at Cosburn station, and slightly to the east at Pape station to avoid digging up the street to construct the station structures. At Pape station, the Ontario Line would connect with Line 2 Bloor–Danforth.[30]

South from Pape station, the line would travel roughly under Pape Avenue, emerging to the surface just north of Gerrard Street. The line would then enter Gerrard station on an elevated structure over the intersection of Gerrard Street and Carlaw Avenue. South of Gerrard station, the Ontario Line would run along the northwest side of GO Transit's Lakeshore East rail corridor located on an embankment. (The rail corridor has three tracks with provision for a fourth. With the construction of the Ontario Line, the corridor would eventually have six tracks.) The route would continue along the railway right-of-way, passing Riverside–Leslieville station at Queen Street East and continuing to East Harbour station, east of the Don River, on the south side of Eastern Avenue, where a new GO train station would be built on the surface. The Ontario Line would cross the Don River on a new bridge located on the north side of the existing rail bridge. After crossing the river, the line would pass the GO Transit Don Yard before descending into a tunnel just east of Cherry Street.[31]

The route would turn north under the east side of Berkeley Street through Corktown station at King Street. Between King and Queen Streets, the line would make a broad north-to-west curve to run west under Queen Street through Moss Park station (between Shuter and Sherbourne Streets), Queen station (at Yonge Street) and Osgoode station (at University Avenue). The line would continue westward to a Queen–Spadina station, then diagonally southwest via a King–Bathurst station to Strachan Avenue. The line would turn westward again, coming to the surface just west of Strachan Avenue on the north side of the railway corridor along Exhibition Place, before arriving at Exhibition station, its southwestern terminus.[32][33]

Maintenance and storage facility
Metrolinx media
Plan of proposed OLMSF

The Ontario Line maintenance and storage facility (OLMSF) will occupy a 17.5-hectare (43-acre) site north of Overlea Boulevard, between Beth Nealson Drive and the CP Rail North Toronto Corridor. It will be located near the future Thorncliffe Park station. The facility would store 200 trains and have a maximum capacity of 250.[30][34]

Miscellaneous

Metrolinx is considering a means to link Exhibition station to Ontario Place to the south. The link could be a people mover, cable cars or some other option.[29]

The Government of Ontario plans to use smaller train sets and a smaller gauge for the Ontario Line than those used on the Toronto subway system.[19] The City of Toronto's "Relief Line" proposal was expected to use existing heavy-rail rolling stock used on Lines 1, 2, and 4.[14][35] By using driverless trains with automatic train control, Metrolinx expects the line to be as frequent as the existing heavy rail lines. The government also claims the alternate technology will reduce construction time and cost, as single tunnels rather than dual tunnels could be utilized.

Most of the proposed stations on the Ontario Line will facilitate transfers between other forms of public transport, and the majority will provide transfers to other rail-based transportation (GO Transit, TTC subway and streetcar).

According to Metrolinx, the new line will do more than provide relief to overcrowding on Toronto's existing subway system: it will provide new connections to the communities of Flemingdon Park and Thorncliffe Park.[6]

As Line 3 Scarborough is expected to be decommissioned well before the opening of the Ontario Line, it is expected the Ontario Line will inherit Line 3's number and line colour of blue on maps and wayfinding.[36]

Stations

The following information, largely from the Metrolinx's Draft Environmental Conditions Report from the fourth quarter of 2020, is subject to change.[30][27][32][33]

Planned Ontario Line stations (as of October 2020)[28]
Station Type Neighbourhood Connections Notes
Science Centre Elevated Flemingdon Park Eglinton Integrated with station under construction at Don Mills Road and Eglinton Avenue
Flemingdon Park Elevated Flemingdon Park West side of Don Mills Road north of Gateway Boulevard
Thorncliffe Park Elevated Thorncliffe Park On Overlea Boulevard over Thorncliffe Park Drive West
Cosburn Underground Old East York At Cosburn Avenue and Pape Avenue
Pape Underground Greektown Bloor–Danforth Integrated with an existing station at Pape and Danforth
Gerrard Elevated (railway embankment) Riverdale  506  Carlton Located at the intersection of Gerrard Street and Carlaw Avenue, along the Lakeshore East and Stouffville GO Transit rail corridors
Riverside–Leslieville Elevated (railway embankment)
Located at the intersection of Queen Street East and GO Transit's Lakeshore East / Stouffville rail corridor
East Harbour Elevated (railway embankment)
  • Leslieville
  • South Riverdale
Located along GO Transit's Lakeshore East / Stouffville rail corridor between Eastern Avenue and the Don River
Corktown Underground Corktown  504  King At Berkeley Street and King Street East[20]
Moss Park[37] Underground
 501  Queen Under Queen Street East between George Street and Sherbourne Street
Queen Underground Downtown
Integrated with an existing station at Queen Street and Yonge Street
Osgoode Underground Downtown
Integrated with an existing station at Queen Street West and University Avenue
Queen–Spadina Underground Fashion District
At the intersection of Queen Street West and Spadina Avenue
King–Bathurst Underground Fashion District
At the intersection of King Street West and Bathurst Street
Exhibition Surface Liberty Village
On the north side of the Lakeshore West railway corridor north of Exhibition Place
Metrolinx exhibits
Plan for Science Centre station
Plan for Flemingdon Park station
plan for Thorncliffe Park station
Plan for Cosburn station
Plan for Pape station

Science Centre

The Ontario Line will serve Science Centre station at Eglinton Avenue, providing a connection to Line 5 Eglinton. The elevated Ontario Line station will be along Don Mills Road at the northeast corner of its intersection with Eglinton Avenue. Passengers will be able to access rail services from either the station's southwest or northeast entrance as well as from the adjacent bus terminal. The station will have three levels, with the Line 5 platforms below street level, the bus terminal at street level and the Ontario Line platforms above street level. Escalators, elevators and interior corridors will be available to facilitate transfers.[38]

There will be tail tracks at the north end of the Ontario Line platforms extending north past Wynford Drive. These will be used to store trains and to provide for future northward expansion.[38]

Flemingdon Park

Flemingdon Park station is a proposed elevated Ontario Line station to be located on the west side of Don Mills Road at the north side of its intersection with Gateway Boulevard. It will be constructed at the site of a parking lot. As of June 2021, Metrolinx has not indicated the location of entrances and exits for this station. However, this station will be closer to the Ontario Science Centre's main entrance than Science Centre station.[38]

Thorncliffe Park

Thorncliffe Park station is a proposed elevated Ontario Line station to be located on the north side of Overlea Boulevard over Thorncliffe Park Drive. (Overlea Boulevard and Thorncliffe Park Drive intersect at two places within Thorncliffe Park. The station is at the western of the two intersections.) As of June 2021, Metrolinx has not indicated the location of entrances and exits for this station.[38]

Cosburn

Cosburn station is a proposed underground Ontario Line station to be located at Cosburn Avenue and have a centre platform. It will be located under the west side of Pape Avenue so as to avoid digging up Pape Avenue itself during construction. As of June 2021, Metrolinx has not indicated the location of entrances and exits for this station.[38]

Pape

The Ontario Line will serve the existing Pape station, providing a connection to Line 2 Bloor–Danforth at Danforth Avenue. Running slightly east of Pape Avenue, the Ontario Line will have a centre platform under Line 2 at the station. Metrolinx expects the Ontario Line connection at Pape will reduce rush-hour congestion at Bloor–Yonge station by 22 percent.[38] There are plans for an additional station entry directly from Danforth Avenue.[39]: 1:24:00 

Metrolinx exhibits
Plan for Gerrard station
Plan for Riverside–Leslieville station
Cross section north of Queen Street

Gerrard

Gerrard is a proposed Ontario Line station to be located diagonally over the intersection of Gerrard Street East and Carlaw Avenue west of the Gerrard Square shopping mall. The station structure will be separate from the parallel railway bridge and embankment. The Ontario Line station will have centre platforms and two entrances. One entrance will be on the east side of Carlaw Avenue north of Gerrard Street. A second entrance will be on the south side of Gerrard Street adjacent to Gerrard Carlaw Parkette.[31]

Riverside–Leslieville

Originally named Leslieville, Riverside–Leslieville is a proposed Ontario Line station to be located on the railway bridge over Queen Street East on the boundary between the Riverside (west side) and Leslieville neighbourhoods. The elevated Ontario Line station will have a centre platform and two entrances. One entrance will be on the north side of Queen Street under the bridge. A second entrance will be on the south side of Queen Street at the west side of the railway embankment. The GO Transit rail corridor will be on the east side of the Ontario Line tracks, but there will be no GO Transit railway station here. Metrolinx plans to rebuild the bridge over Queen Street in order to have it rise 5 metres (16 ft) over street level instead of the current 3.9 metres (13 ft).[31]

East Harbour

East Harbour is a proposed subway and commuter railway station to be located between Eastern Avenue and the Don River along GO Transit's Lakeshore East / Stouffville rail corridor. East Harbour will host Ontario Line and GO Transit trains. It is also a proposed station for SmartTrack service. There is also a future proposal to extend streetcar service south along Broadview Avenue into the Port Lands in the vicinity of East Harbour station. The station will service a future office development.[40]

East Harbour station will be built along the existing railway embankment. The station would have six tracks passing through it, two tracks for the Ontario Line on the northwest side of the railway embankment plus four tracks for GO trains on its southeast side. At East Harbour, there would be three platforms each serving a pair of tracks: one platform for Ontario Line trains, one for westbound GO trains and another for eastbound GO trains.[41][42]

Corktown

Corktown station will be located at the southeast corner of King and Berkeley Streets straddling the Corktown neighbourhood and the Old Town. There will be an emergency exit on the north side of Front Street, just east of Berkeley Street. The Ontario Line tunnel will be under the land on the east side of Berkeley Street. The two city blocks bounded by Berkeley, King and Parliament Streets, and north of Parliament Square Park will be razed for tunnel launch shafts. (Construction will not affect the park itself.) The southern city block is the site of the First Parliament, and Metrolinx will allow archeologists to examine the site for artifacts before it is destroyed by construction. Once the site is prepared, a tunnel-boring machine will launch north and west from the site while another launches south and east towards the Don Yard.[43][44]

Moss Park

Moss Park station will be located at the northwest corner of Queen and Sherbourne Streets next to the Moss Park Arena. At this point, the line will be under the southern edge of Moss Park (where the Moss Park Armoury is located), rather than under Queen Street. Only one entrance is planned, and plans for an emergency exit are not yet known.[43][44]

Queen

The Ontario Line will serve the existing Queen station, providing a connection to Line 1 Yonge–University at Yonge Street. Running under Queen Street, the Ontario Line will cross under Line 1 at the station; the Lower Queen ghost station (a remnant of the never-completed Queen subway line) will be used for transferring between the two lines. Queen station already has seven entrances, including some in the Toronto Eaton Centre, and no additional entrances are planned.[32][43][44]

Because of the density of buildings near Queen station, in August 2021, Metrolinx proposed closing Queen Street to road traffic between Victoria and Bay Streets and to streetcar traffic between Church and York Streets for 4.5 years for station construction. Road access would still be available to access parking facilities and truck delivery areas. Pedestrian access would also be provided. Metrolinx would construct new eastbound streetcar tracks along York and Adelaide Streets. During the Queen Street closure, westbound 501 Queen streetcars would divert via Church, Richmond and York Streets while eastbound streetcars would divert via York, Adelaide and Church Streets. After Queen Street reopens to through traffic, the new eastbound streetcar tracks on Adelaide Street would be retained to provide the TTC with flexibility for future diversions.[45][46] The City of Toronto also intends to restore streetcar tracks on Adelaide Street between Charlotte and York Streets in addition to the restoration of tracks between York and Victoria Streets.[47]: 40 

Osgoode

The Ontario Line will serve the existing Osgoode station, providing a connection to Line 1 Yonge–University. At University Avenue, the Ontario Line will run under Queen Street and cross under Line 1 at the station. The station will have two additional entrances. One entrance will be at the northeast corner of Queen Street and University Avenue. This will be in a corner of the gardens on the Osgoode Hall grounds. A second new entrance will be at the southwest corner of Queen and Simcoe Streets, one block west of University Avenue, where a bank building stands.[43][44] The façade of the bank building will be dismantled and preserved for use on the new station entrance building.[47]: 25 

Queen–Spadina

Queen–Spadina station is a proposed underground Ontario Line station to be located directly under Queen Street West at its intersection with Spadina Avenue. Station entrances will be located at the southwest and northeast corners of the intersection. Ontario Line riders will be able to transfer to a 501 Queen or 510 Spadina streetcar at surface stops without having to fully cross a street. The station building design will feature heritage attributes by retaining the façade of buildings to be demolished for station construction.[48][49]

King–Bathurst

King–Bathurst station is a proposed underground Ontario Line station to be located at the intersection of King Street West and Bathurst Street. The line will pass diagonally under the southeast corner of the intersection. Station entrances will be located at the northeast and southeast corners of the intersection. Connections to the 504 King and 511 Bathurst streetcars will be available on the surface.[48] The station building design will feature heritage attributes by retaining the façade of buildings to be demolished for station construction.[49]

Exhibition

Exhibition station is a proposed Ontario Line station to be located on the north side of Exhibition GO station along GO Transit's Lakeshore West rail corridor. There will be a shared concourse between the Ontario Line and GO Transit train services. A Metrolinx goal is to reduce congestion at Union Station by 14 percent by encouraging passengers to use the Ontario Line. Riders can also transfer to the 509 and 511 streetcars at Exhibition Loop.[48]

The portal to the tunnelled portion of the Ontario Line will be just east of the station platforms. Tail tracks will extend west of the platforms to Dufferin Street and will be used to provide for future westward expansion, to store trains, and to turn back trains. At Exhibition station, the Ontario Line will have separate arrival and departure platforms with the turnback switches being west of the platforms. There will be a substation at 153 Dufferin Street, opposite Dufferin Gate Loop.[49][50]

Notes
  1. The "relief" would be to overcrowding at Bloor–Yonge station and the Yonge Street section of Line 1.

References
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  2. Feinstein, Clarrie (March 27, 2022). "The province breaks ground on Ontario Line subway". The Toronto Star. ISSN 0319-0781. Retrieved April 3, 2022. ...which will one day be the subway line's first stop.
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