Odontarrhena

Odontarrhena is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae.[2] They were originally a separate genus and then were amalgamated into the Alyssum genus, but then morphological and molecular evidence has reseperated them. Some of the genera are nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulators (a plant capable of growing in soil or water with very high concentrations of metals).

Odontarrhena
Previously Alyssum obovatum now Odontarrhena obovata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Odontarrhena
C.A.Mey.[1]
Species

See text

Synonyms

Triplopetalum Nyár.

Description

It is similar in habit to Alyssum and has small yellow flowers, except that it has a suborbicular pouch and one seeded cells.[3] The plants are characterised by inflorescences that are usually compound, subumbellate racemes. There is a single ovule per loculus, and the fruit valves are at most only slightly inflated.[4]

Range
Odontarrhena alpestris

It's widespread native range is from temperate Eurasia to subarctic America. It is found in Europe (within Albania, Bulgaria, Corsica, Crete, Czechoslovakia, East Aegean Islands, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Sardina, Sicily, Switzerland and Yugoslavia), Eastern Europe (within Central European Russia, Crimea, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia and Ukraine), Siberia (within Altai, Buryatiya, Chita Oblast, Irkutsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Tuva, West Siberia and Yakutskiya), the Russian Far East (within Amur Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai and Magadan Oblast), Central Asia (within Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan), the Caucasus (North Caucasus and Transcaucasus), Western Asia (Afghanistan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Turkey), China (Inner Mongolia, Manchuria and Xinjiang), Mongolia and also Subarctic America (within Alaska, Northwest Territories and the Yukon).[2]

The Balkan Peninsula is a major diversity center.[5] Greece has the largest number of species;[6] next, Albania is known to have 7 species.[7] It is also found on the serpentine soils of Lesbos Island (in Greece).[8]

Taxonomy

Odontarrhena was a taxonomically difficult genus of the tribe Alysseae. However, recent morphological and molecular evidence (DNA anaylsis) clearly showed that Alyssum and Odontarrhena are monophyletic clades within the tribe Alysseae, deserving separate generic status (Warwick et al. 2008; Cecchi et al. 2010; Rešetnik et al. 2013; Li et al. 2015).[5]

The genus name of Odontarrhena is derived from two Greek words; odous meaning tooth and arrhen meaning male.[9] It was first described and published by Carl Anton von Meyer in Flora Altaica (edited by Carl Friedrich von Ledebour) Vol.3 on page 58 in 1831.[2]

The genus is recognized by the United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service, but they still list it as synonym of Alyssum L. and they only list Odontarrhena obovata C. A. Mey. as a known species.[10]

Known species

In 2022, there were 88 accepted species listed on Plants of the World Online;[2]

  • Odontarrhena akamasica (B.L.Burtt) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena albiflora (F.K.Mey.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena alpestris (L.) Ledeb.
  • Odontarrhena americana (Greene) D.A.German
  • Odontarrhena anatolica (Hausskn. ex Nyár.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena argentea (All.) Ledeb.
  • Odontarrhena baldaccii (Vierh. ex Nyár.) Španiel
  • Odontarrhena bertolonii (Desv.) Jord. & Fourr.
  • Odontarrhena bracteata (Boiss. & Buhse) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena caliacrae (Nyár.) D.A.German
  • Odontarrhena callichroa (Boiss.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena carica (T.R.Dudley & Hub.-Mor.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena cassia (Boiss. & Heldr.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena chalcidica (Janka) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena chondrogyna (B.L.Burtt) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena cilicica (Boiss. & Balansa) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena condensata (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Jord. & Fourr.
  • Odontarrhena constellata (Boiss.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena corsica (Duby) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena corymbosoidea (Formánek) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena crenulata (Boiss. & Heldr.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena cyprica (Nyár.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena davisiana (T.R.Dudley) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena debarensis (Micevski) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena decipiens (Nyár.) L.Cecchi & Selvi
  • Odontarrhena discolor (T.R.Dudley & Hub.-Mor.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena dubertretii (Gomb.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena dudleyi (Adigüzel & R.D.Reeves) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena eriophylla (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena euboea (Halácsy) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena fedtschenkoana (N.Busch) D.A.German
  • Odontarrhena filiformis (Nyár.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena floribunda (Boiss.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena fragillima (Bald.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena gehamensis (Fed.) D.A.German
  • Odontarrhena gevgelicensis (Micevski) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena giosnana (Nyár.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena haradjianii (Rech.f.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena haussknechtii (Boiss.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena heldreichii (Hausskn.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena huber-morathii (T.R.Dudley) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena inflata (Nyár.) D.A.German
  • Odontarrhena kavadarcensis (Micevski) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena kurdica (Boiss.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena lanigera (DC.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena lesbiaca Candargy
  • Odontarrhena libanotica (Nyár.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena litvinovii (Knjaz.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena masmenaea (Boiss.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena metajnae (Plazibat) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena moravensis (F.K.Mey.) L.Cecchi & Selvi
  • Odontarrhena mozaffarianii (Kavousi) Španiel
  • Odontarrhena mughlaei (Orcan) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena muralis (Waldst. & Kit.) Endl.
  • Odontarrhena nebrodensis (Tineo) L.Cecchi & Selvi
  • Odontarrhena obovata C.A.Mey.
  • Odontarrhena obtusifolia (Steven ex DC.) C.A.Mey.
  • Odontarrhena orbelica (Ancev & Uzunov) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena oxycarpa (Boiss. & Balansa) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena pateri (Nyár.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena peltarioidea (Boiss.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena penjwinensis (T.R.Dudley) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena pinifolia (Nyár.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena polyclada (Rech.f.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena pterocarpa (T.R.Dudley) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena pugiostyla (Nyár.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena rigida (Nyár.) L.Cecchi & Selvi
  • Odontarrhena robertiana (Bernard ex Gren. & Godr.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena samarifera (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena samia (T.R.Dudley & Christod.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena serpentina (Micevski) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena serpentinicola (F.K.Mey.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena sibirica (Willd.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena singarensis (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena skopjensis (Micevski) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena smolikana (Nyár.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena stipitata (Kavousi & T.R.Dudley) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena stridii L.Cecchi, Španiel & Selvi
  • Odontarrhena subalpina (Pall. ex M.Bieb.) D.A.German
  • Odontarrhena subspinosa (T.R.Dudley) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena syriaca (Nyár.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena szarabiaca (Nyár.) D.A.German
  • Odontarrhena tavolarae (Briq.) L.Cecchi & Selvi
  • Odontarrhena tortuosa (Willd.) C.A.Mey.
  • Odontarrhena trapeziformis (Bornm. ex Nyár.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena troodi (Boiss.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena turgida (T.R.Dudley) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold
  • Odontarrhena virgata (Nyár.) Španiel, Al-Shehbaz, D.A.German & Marhold

The Type species: Odontarrhena obovata C.A.Mey.

Uses

About 48 members of the Odontarrhena species,[11] are known to be nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulators (a plant capable of growing in soil or water with very high concentrations of metals).[5][12][8] The accumulation of nickel was first discovered in the Italian endemic Odontarrhena bertolonii (Desv.) Jord. and Fourr. (syn. Alyssum bertolonii Desv. by Minguzzi and Vergnano in 1948,[13][12] Of the 168 or so species of Alyssum, 45 species were determined to be hyperaccumulators of nickel, all from the Odontarrhena section.[14] The metal is found in the roots, stem, leaves and flowers of the plant.[15]

References
  1. C.F.von Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 3: 58 (1831)
  2. "Odontarrhena C.A.Mey. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  3. John Lindley and Thomas Moore (Editors0 The Treasury of Botany: A Popular Dictionary of the Vegetable ..., Volume 2 (1874), p. 802, at Google Books
  4. Hartvig, P. (1986). "Alyssum L.". In Strid, Arne (ed.). Mountain flora of Greece. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 281. ISBN 978-0-521-25737-4.
  5. Cecchi, Lorenzo; Španiel, Stanislav; Bianchi, Elisabetta; Coppi, Andrea; Gonnelli, Cristina; Selvi, Federico (August 2020). "Odontarrhena stridii (Brassicaceae), a new Nickel‑hyperaccumulating species from mainland Greece". Plant Systematics and Evolution; Heidelberg. 306 (4): 69–70. doi:10.1007/s00606-020-01687-3. hdl:2158/1198599. S2CID 220050869.
  6. Antony van der Ent, Alan J.M. Baker, Guillaume Echevarria, Marie-Odile Simonnot and Jean Louis Morel (Editors) Agromining: Farming for Metals: Extracting Unconventional Resources Using Plants (2020), p. 344-345, at Google Books
  7. CECCHI, LORENZO; BETTARINI, ISABELLA; COLZI, ILARIA; COPPI, ANDREA; ECHEVARRIA, GUILLAUME; PAZZAGLI, LUIGIA; BANI, AIDA; GONNELLI, CRISTINA; SELVI, FEDERICO (29 May 2018). "The genus Odontarrhena (Brassicaceae) in Albania: Taxonomy and Nickel accumulation in a critical group of metallophytes from a major serpentine hot-spot" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 351 (1): 1. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.351.1.1. S2CID 90446883.
  8. Feigl, Gábor; Varga, Viktória; Molnár, Árpád; Dimitrakopoulos, Panayiotis G.; Kolbert, Zsuzsanna (2020). "Different Nitro-Oxidative Response of Odontarrhena lesbiaca Plants from Geographically Separated Habitats to Excess Nickel". Antioxidants. 9 (9): 837. doi:10.3390/antiox9090837. PMC 7554898. PMID 32906835.
  9. John Craig A New Universal, Technological, Etymological, and Pronouncing Dictionary of the English language, embracing all the terms used in Art, Science and Literature, Volume 2 (1854), p. 252, at Google Books
  10. "Genus Odontarrhena C. A. Mey". npgsweb.ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  11. Margaret E. Farago (Editor) Plants and the Chemical Elements: Biochemistry, Uptake, Tolerance and Toxicity (2008), p. 101, at Google Books
  12. Bettarini, Isabella; Colzi, Ilaria; Gonnelli, Cristina; Pazzagli, Luigia; Reeves, Roger D.; Selvi, Federico (2020). "Inability to accumulate Ni in a genus of hyperaccumulators: the paradox of Odontarrhena sibirica (Brassicaceae)". Planta. 252 (6): 99. doi:10.1007/s00425-020-03507-x. PMC 7655579. PMID 33170944.
  13. Minguzzi C, Vergnano O (1948) Il contenuto di nichel nelle ceneri di Alyssum bertolonii Desv. Atti Soc Tosc Sci Nat Mem Ser A 55:49–77
  14. M. H. Martin and P.J. Coughtrey Biological Monitoring of Heavy Metal Pollution: Land and Air (1982), p. 55, at Google Books
  15. Tripti; Kumar, Adarsh; Maleva, Maria; Borisova, Galina; Chukina, Nadezhda; Morozova, Maria; Kiseleva, Irina (April 2021). "Nickel and copper accumulation strategies in Odontarrhena obovata growing on copper smelter-influenced and non-influenced serpentine soils: a comparative field study". Environ Geochem Health. 43 (4): 1401–1413. doi:10.1007/s10653-020-00575-6. PMID 32347513. S2CID 216559611.

Other sources
  • Cecchi, L., Colzi, I., Coppi, A., Gonnelli, C. & Selvi, F. (2013) Diversity and biogeography of Ni-hyperaccumulators of Alyssum section Odontarrhena (Brassicaceae) in the central western Mediterranean: evidence from karyology, morphology and DNA sequence data. Botanical journal of the Linnaean Society 173: 269–289.
  • Nyárády, E.J. (1929a) [“1928”] Studiu preliminar asupra unor specii de Alyssum din secţia Odontarrhena. Vorstudium über einige Arten der Section Odontarrhena der Gattung Alyssum (Forsetzung). Buletinul Gradinii Botanice si al Muzeului Botanic dela Universitatea din Cluj 8 (2–4): 152–156.
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