Morang District

Morang District (Nepali: मोरङ जिल्ला listen ) is located in Province No. 1 in eastern Nepal. It is an Outer Terai district. It borders with Bihar, India to the South, Jhapa to the East, Dhankuta and Panchthar to the North, and Sunsari to the west. Morang has one metropolitan city (Biratnagar), eight municipalities and eight rural municipalities. The total area of Morang is 1,855 km2 (716 sq mi). The lowest elevation point is 60 meters and the highest is 2410 meters above sea level.  The headquarters of Morang is connected by Koshi National Highway to the east–west Mahendra National Highway at Itahari, Sunsari, and Morang is also connected to the Hill parts of the eastern region of Nepal. Morang is the core industrial sector for the eastern region of Nepal.

This article is about the place in Nepal. For the place in Australia, see South Morang, Victoria.
Morang District
मोरङ जिल्ला
District
Entrance to Biratnagar
Country   Nepal
ProvinceProvince 1
Established7th century circa
Admin HQ.Biratnagar
Government
 • TypeCoordination committee
 • BodyDCC, Morang
 • HeadMr. Naresh Prasad Pokhrel
 • Deputy-HeadMr. Prakash Kumar Shah
 • Parliamentary constituencies6
 • Provincial constituencies12
Area
 • Total1,855 km2 (716 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Total965,370
 • Density520/km2 (1,300/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+05:45 (NPT)
Main Language(s)Nepali, Maithili, Tharu, Rajbanshi, Limbu
Websitewww.ddcmorang.gov.np

At the beginning of the 7th century, King Mung Mawrong Hang came to prominence in the terai lands of Limbuwan (present-day Sunsari, Morang and Jhapa area). He cleared much of the forest area in present-day Rangeli, east of Biratnagar, and built a town there.He named his Kingdom Morang after his name and rose to power.[2][3]

Geography and climate
Climate Zone[4] Elevation Range  % of Area
Lower Tropical below 300 meters (1,000 ft) 80.9%
Upper Tropical 300 to 1,000 meters
1,000 to 3,300 ft.		 11.5%
Subtropical 1,000 to 2,000 meters
3,300 to 6,600 ft.		  7.4%
Temperate 2,000 to 3,000 meters
6,400 to 9,800 ft.		  0.2%

Morang lies in the Outer Terai, or plains, of Eastern Nepal. Most of the land is taken up by rice and jute cultivation, though areas of sal forest remain along the northern part of the district where the plains meet the hills.

Demographics
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1981 534,692—    
1991 674,823+2.35%
2001 843,220+2.25%
2011 965,370+1.36%
2021 1,147,186+1.74%
Sources:[5]

At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Morang District had a population of 965,370.

The district is very ethnically diverse. Bahun and Chhetri are the largest communities, making up 13.07% and 12.02% of the population. The Tharu and Rai are the third and fourth largest communities with 6.27% and 4.97% of the population. Of the Madheshi communities: 4.74% are Musalman, 2.99% Musahar, 2.77% Gangai, 2.64% Kewat, 2.33% Bantar, 2.21% Yadav, 1.63% Teli, 1.32% Khawas, 1.30% Mallah and 1.23% Dhanuk. Other Terai castes are 8.65%. Of the Janajatis: 4.53% are Rajbanshi, 4.22% Limbu, 3.17% Newar, 2.60% Magar, 2.46% Tamang, 2.00% Santal and 1.19% Dhimal. Other Janajatis make up 3.64% of the population. Of Khas communities: 2.04% are Kami, 1.26% Damai and other Khas communities are 1.82% of the population.[6]

In the district, 37.59% spoke Nepali, 36.0% Maithili, 5.94% Tharu, 3.77% Rajbanshi, 3.67% Limbu, 3.23% Urdu, 2.04% Rai, 1.96% Santali, 1.94% Tamang, 1.9% Magar, 1.46% Newari, 1.26% and 1.08% Dhimal as their first language.[6]

43.9% of the population in the district spoke Nepali, 2.9% Hindi, 2.2% Maithili, 0.8% Bantawa, 0.8% Tharu and 0.6% Rajbanshi as their second language.[6]

Economy

Most of the district is rural, though it is also home to Biratnagar, the second largest city in Nepal after Kathmandu, capital city of the Country. It is the industrial capital of Nepal. Morang has the highest numbers of industries and factories, multinational brands. Other emerging towns include Urlabari, Biratchowk, Belbari, Khorsane, Pathari and Rangeli. It has the largest industrial area in the whole country, expanding from Rani Mills Area to Duhabi River. Biratnagar Jute Mills, Arihant and Dhanawat Matches are among the nation's oldest industries.

Education

Morang district is home to the historic Morang Campus (Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Biratnagar), Sukuna Multiple Campus (Sundar Haraicha Municipality), Urlabari Multiple Campus, Pathari Multiple Campus, and several other institutions of higher learning. Sukuna Multiple Campus has around 5000 students situated at Sunderharaincha of Morang district. Purbanchal University in Biratnagar offers graduate level courses in many disciplines of Science, Arts and Liberal Sciences. At present, the university has broadly identified Industry-Technology, Agriculture-Forestry, Environment- Rural-Cultural Subsistence and Sustainable Development as specific areas of “Academic Excellence”. It has affiliated private in all the parts of Nepal.

Politics

Morang has been a hotbed of political activity throughout Nepal's recent history producing political stalwarts such as Matrika Prasad Koirala, BP Koirala, Madan Bhandari, Girija Prasad Koirala, Man Mohan Adhikari, Sushil Koirala, Bharat Mohan Adhikari as well as the present time leaders like Shekhar Koirala, Upendra Yadav, etc.

The district currently sends nine members to the national legislature.

Administrative divisions

The district consists of one Metropolitan Cities, eight urban municipalities and eight rural municipalities. These are as follows:

Map of the VDCs in Morang District

Municipalities

Rural Municipalities

Notable people

References
  1. Household and population by districts, Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) Nepal Archived 2013-07-31 at the Wayback Machine
  2. Chemjong, Iman Sing. History and Culture of Kirant People.
  3. "Yakthung Phedap Limbuwan Royal Order". Yakthung Phedap Limbuwan Royal Order- 2019, Dated in 8th December 2019 in Phedap.
  4. The Map of Potential Vegetation of Nepal - a forestry/agroecological/biodiversity classification system (PDF), Forest & Landscape Development and Environment Series 2-2005 and CFC-TIS Document Series No.110., 2005, ISBN 87-7903-210-9, retrieved Nov 22, 2013
  5. "Nepal: Provinces and Districts". www.citypopulation.de.
  6. 2011 Nepal Census, Social Characteristics Tables

Further reading
  • Shaha, Rishikesh (1992). Ancient and Medieval Nepal. Manohar Publications, New Delhi. ISBN 978-81-85425-69-6.
  • Shreshta, S.H (2005). Nepal in Maps. Kathmandu: Educational Publishing House. p. 129.
  • Shreshta, Vinod Prasad (2007). A Concise Geography of Nepal. Kathmandu: Mandal Publications. p. 126. ISBN 978-99946-55-04-5.
  • Woodhatch, Tom (1999). Nepal handbook. The Royal Palace. Footprint Travel Guides. p. 194. ISBN 978-1-900949-44-6. Retrieved 2009-12-17.

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