Mirafra
Mirafra is a genus of lark in the family Alaudidae. Some Mirafra species are called "larks", while others are called "bush larks". They are found from Africa through South Asia to Australia.
| Mirafra | |
|---|---|
| _in_Kolkata_W_IMG_4596.jpg.webp) | |
| Bengal bush lark (Mirafra assamica) in Kolkata (West Bengal, India) | |
| Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia | 
| Phylum: | Chordata | 
| Class: | Aves | 
| Order: | Passeriformes | 
| Family: | Alaudidae | 
| Genus: | Mirafra Horsfield, 1821 | 
| Diversity | |
| 24 species (but see text) | |
|  | |
| global range of genus[1] | |
| Synonyms | |
| 
 | |
Taxonomy and systematics
    
The phylogeny of larks (Alaudidae) was reviewed by Alström et al. (2013) who found that the following species form a well supported monophyletic group, which is the sister lineage to Heteromirafra.[2]
Extant species
    
The genus contains twenty-four species:[3]
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution | 
|---|---|---|---|
| %252C_crop.jpg.webp) | Mirafra fasciolata | Eastern clapper lark | southern Africa in Zambia, Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho and South Africa. | 
|  | Mirafra apiata | Cape clapper lark | southern Africa | 
|  | Mirafra hypermetra | Red-winged lark | Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda | 
|  | Mirafra africana | Rufous-naped lark | sub-Saharan Africa | 
| %252C_crop.jpg.webp) | Mirafra rufocinnamomea | Flappet lark | Central Africa | 
|  | Mirafra angolensis | Angolan lark | southern and central Africa | 
| Mirafra williamsi | Williams's lark | northern Kenya | |
|  | Mirafra passerina | Monotonous lark | southern Africa. | 
|  | Mirafra cheniana | Melodious lark | South Africa (Eastern Cape, the Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, and North West Province), Botswana and Zimbabwe | 
| _(12100175043)_(cropped).jpg.webp) | Mirafra javanica | Horsfield's bush lark | Australia and much of Southeast Asia. | 
| .jpg.webp) | Mirafra cantillans | Singing bush lark | Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia | 
| .jpg.webp) | Mirafra microptera | Burmese bush lark | central Myanmar | 
| _in_Kolkata_W_IMG_4596.jpg.webp) | Mirafra assamica | Bengal bush lark | Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar and Nepal | 
| _(cropped).jpg.webp) | Mirafra erythrocephala | Indochinese bush lark | southeast Asia. | 
|  | Mirafra erythroptera | Indian bush lark | Pakistan and northwestern, central and south-central India. | 
| .jpg.webp) | Mirafra affinis | Jerdon's bush lark | southeast India and Sri Lanka | 
|  | Mirafra gilletti | Gillett's lark | Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia | 
| Mirafra rufa | Rusty bush lark | Sahel region of north-central Africa. | |
|  | Mirafra collaris | Collared lark | eastern Ethiopia and Somalia to central Kenya | 
| Mirafra ashi | Ash's lark | Somalia. | |
| .jpg.webp) | Mirafra somalica | Somali lark | Somalia | 
| Mirafra pulpa | Friedmann's lark | East Africa. | |
|  | Mirafra cordofanica | Kordofan lark | Mauritania and Senegal to Niger, eastern Chad, southern Sudan and northern South Sudan | 
|  | Mirafra albicauda | White-tailed lark | western Chad, eastern Sudan, northeastern South Sudan, south-central Ethiopia, and from Uganda and western Kenya to central Tanzania | 
Former species
    
Some authorities, either presently or formerly, recognize several additional species as belonging to the genus Mirafra, including:
- Short-clawed lark (as Mirafra chuana)[4]
- Dusky lark (as Mirafra nigricans)[5]
- Rufous-rumped lark (as Mirafra erythropygia or Mirafra nigricans erythropygia)[6]
- Indian desert finch-lark (as Mirafra phoenicuroides)[7]
- Rufous-tailed lark (as Mirafra phoenicura)[8]
- Madagascan lark (as Mirafra hova)[9]
- Sabota lark (as Mirafra sabota)[10]
- Bradfield's lark (as Mirafra naevia)[11]
- Pink-breasted lark (as Mirafra poecilosterna)[12]
- Foxy lark (as Mirafra alopex)[13]
- Masai fawn-coloured lark (as Mirafra intercedens)[14]
- Fawn-coloured lark (as Mirafra africanoides)[15]
- Karoo lark (as Mirafra albescens or Mirafra nivosa)[16]
- Red lark (as Mirafra burra)[17]
- Dune lark (as Mirafra erythrochlamys)[18]
- Barlow's lark (as Mirafra erythrochlamys barlowi)[19]
- Rudd's lark (as Mirafra ruddi)[20]
- Archer's lark (as Mirafra archeri)[21]
- Sidamo lark (as Mirafra sidamoensis)[22]
- Ngaundere sun lark (as Mirafra strümpelli)[23]
- Uele sun lark (as Mirafra bucolica)[24]
|  | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mirafra. | 
References
    
- Based on maps in the Handbook of the Birds of the World and the BirdLife Datazone
- Alström, Per; Barnes, Keith N.; Olsson, Urban; Barker, F. Keith; Bloomer, Paulette; Khan, Aleem Ahmed; Qureshi, Masood Ahmed; Guillaumet, Alban; Crochet, Pierre-Andre; Ryan, Peter G. (2013). "Multilocus phylogeny of the avian family Alaudidae (larks) reveals complex morphological evolution, non-monophyletic genera and hidden species diversity" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 69 (3): 1043–1056. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.005. PMID 23792153.
- Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2018). "Nicators, reedling, larks". World Bird List Version 8.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
- "Certhilauda chuana - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-11.
- "Pinarocorys nigricans - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-11.
- "Pinarocorys erythropygia - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-11.
- "Ammomanes deserti phoenicuroides - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
- "Ammomanes phoenicura - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
- "Eremopterix hova - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-14.
- "Calendulauda sabota - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- "Calendulauda naevia - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- "Calendulauda poecilosterna - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- "Calendulauda alopex - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- "Calendulauda intercedens - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- "Calendulauda africanoides - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
- "Calendulauda albescens - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
- "Calendulauda burra - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-19.
- "Calendulauda erythrochlamys - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-19.
- "Calendulauda barlowi - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-19.
- "Heteromirafra ruddi - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
- "Heteromirafra archeri - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
- "Heteromirafra sidamoensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
- "Galerida modesta struempelli - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
- "Galerida modesta bucolica - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
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