LGBT slang

LGBT slang, LGBT speak, or gay slang is a set of slang lexicon used predominantly among LGBT people. It has been used in various languages since the early 20th century as a means by which members of the LGBT community identify themselves and speak in code with brevity and speed to others.[1][2]

Part of a series on
LGBT topics
      
Sexual orientation and gender
History
General
Identities
Culture
Rights
Health
Social attitudes
Issues
Academic fields and discourse
LGBT portal

History and context

Because of sodomy laws and threat of prosecution due to the criminalization of homosexuality, LGBT slang has served as an argot or cant, a secret language and a way for the LGBT community to communicate with each other publicly without revealing their sexual orientation to others.[2][3][4] Since the advent of queer studies in universities, LGBT slang and argot has become a subject of academic research among linguistic anthropology scholars.[5]

The Butch and Femme society

During the first seven decades of the 20th century, a specific form of Polari was developed by gay men and lesbians in urban centres of the United Kingdom within established LGBT communities. Although there are differences, contemporary British gay slang has adopted many Polari words.[1][6] The 1964 legislative report Homosexuality and Citizenship in Florida contains an extensive appendix documenting and defining the homosexual slang in the United States at that time.[7][8] SCRUFF launched a gay-slang dictionary app in 2014, which includes commonly used slang in the United States from the gay community.[9] Specialized dictionaries that record LGBT slang have been found to revolve heavily around sexual matters.[10]

Slang is ephemeral. Terms used in one generation may pass out of usage in another. For example, in the 1960s and 1970s, the terms "cottage" (chiefly British) and "tearoom" (chiefly American) were used to denote public toilets used for sex. By 1999, this terminology had fallen out of use to the point of being greatly unrecognizable by members of the LGBT community at large.[11]

Many terms that originated as gay slang have become part of the popular lexicon. For example, the word drag was popularized by Hubert Selby Jr. in his book Last Exit to Brooklyn. Drag has been traced back by the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) to the late 19th Century. Conversely, words such as "banjee", while well-established in a subset of gay society, have never made the transition to popular use. Conversations between gay men have been found to use more slang and fewer commonly known terms about sexual behavior than conversations between straight men.[12]

In the Philippines, many LGBT people speak with Swardspeak, or "gay lingo", which is a more extensive use of slang as a form of dialect or way of speaking. Other argots are spoken in southern Africa (Gayle language and IsiNgqumo) and Indonesia (Bahasa Binan).

General slang terms
  • 100-footer – an obviously gay or lesbian person (as if visible from 100 feet away) (US)[13]
  • baby gay – a young or recently out gay person (US)
  • baths – bathhouses frequented by gay men for sexual encounters (US)[14]
  • beach bitch – a gay man who frequents beaches and resorts for sexual encounters (US)[14]
  • beard – a person used as a date, romantic partner, or spouse to conceal one's sexual orientation[15]
  • beat – having or seeking anonymous gay sex (Australia)
  • bi-fi – bisexual+ version of gaydar (US)
  • bottom – a passive male partner in intercourse; also used as a verb for the state of receiving sexual stimulation[14]
  • bussy – portmanteau of "boy pussy", the anus/rectum of a passive male partner[17]
  • clone – a San Francisco or New York Greenwich Village denizen with exaggerated macho behavior and appearance (US)[14]
  • closeted – keeping one's sexuality or gender identity a secret from others (US)[14]
  • cocksucker – a person who practices fellatio, usually a gay male (US)[14]
  • cottaging – having or seeking anonymous gay sex in a public toilet, or 'cottage' (UK)[18]
  • fag hag – a woman who associates mostly or exclusively with gay and bisexual men (US)[25]
  • Game of Flats – an 18th century English term for sex between women[26]
  • gaydar – the intuitive ability of a person to guess someone's sexual orientation
  • gold star – a homosexual who has never had heterosexual sexual intercourse (US)[13]
  • platinum star – gay men who were born by a C-section procedure (US)[28]
  • horatian – from the belated nineteenth century, term utilized at Oxford amongst Lord Byron along with his compatriots to a bisexual individual; a bisexual+ masculine person (UK)
  • Molly and Tommy – In 18th century England, the term "molly" was used for male homosexuals, implying effeminacy; "tommy", a slang term for a homosexual woman in use by 1781, and may have been coined by analogy. See Molly house.[30]
  • packing – the act of wearing padding or a phallic object to present the appearance of a penis[31]
  • passing – the act of being perceived by others as a cis person of one's preferred gender identity[32]
  • poz – HIV-positive person (US)[33]
  • queer – originally a slur against homosexuals, transgender people, and anyone who does not fit society's standards of gender and sexuality; recently reclaimed and used as umbrella term for sexual and gender minorities[19]
  • top – the dominant or inserting sexual partner, usually in a homosexual relation or activity[33]
  • vers, switch – a person who enjoys both topping and bottoming, or being dominant and submissive, and may alternate between the two in sexual situations, adapting to their partner

Terms describing gay men
  • artiste – a gay man who excels at fellatio (US)[14]
  • auntie – an older, often effeminate and gossipy gay man (US)[14]
  • bathsheba – a gay man who frequents gay bathhouses (US)[14]
  • bear – a large, often hairy, gay man[18][33]
  • bear chaser – a man who pursues bears (US)[33]
  • chicken – young gay man, usually recently out
  • chickenhawk – older gay man interested in young gay men
  • chubby chaser – a man who seeks overweight males (US)[14]
  • cub – a typically heavier, hairier, and younger gay man[18][33]
  • cupcake - young attractive man, usually a "jock" type, with a good body. See also "Stud Muffin" & "Twink".
  • daddy – a typically older gay man (US)[33]
  • Femboy,[44] a feminine or androgynous gay male
  • Finocchio (from Italy, meaning fennel)[45]
  • Flit[46]
  • Flower[47]
  • Friend of Dorothy[48]
  • Gaysian, referring to a gay Asian[49]
  • Light in the loafers,[50] Light in the pants,[50] or Light in the fedora[50]
  • otter – a thinner, hairier gay man (US)[33]
  • punk – a smaller, younger gay man who, in prison settings, is forced into a submissive role and used for the older inmate's sexual pleasure[19]
  • Queen[19]
    • Bean queen (also taco queen or Salsa queen), gay man attracted to Hispanic men[51]
  • Brownie queen, obsolete slang for gay man interested in anal sex (used by men who disliked anal sex)[52]
  • Chicken queen, older gay man interested in younger or younger appearing men[53]
  • Grey queen, a gay person who works for the financial services industry (this term originates from the fact that in the 1950s, people who worked in this profession often wore grey flannel suits).[54]
  • Potato queen, gay Asian man attracted mainly to white men.[55]
  • Rice queen, gay man attracted mainly to East Asian men.[55]
  • stud muffin - young attractive man, usually a "jock" type, with a good body. See also "cupcake" & "twink".
  • Twink, a young or young-looking gay man, with little body hair and a slender build[56][18][33]
  • wolf – a man who tends to fall between a twink or a bear, with some hair and a muscular build (UK)[18]

Slurs
  • Anal assassin (UK) or "anal astronaut"[57]
  • Arse bandit[58] or Ass bandit[59]
  • Backgammon player (late 18th century Britain)[60]
  • batty boy – a slur for gay or effeminate man (Jamaica and U.K.)[61][62]
  • Bent, bentshot or bender[63]
  • Brownie king or brown piper[64]
  • Bufter, bufty (mainly Scottish) or booty buffer[57]
  • Bum boy or bum chum,[65] also bum robber[66]
  • Butt pirate,[67] butt boy, butt rider, butt pilot, or butt rustler[67]
  • Chi chi man (Jamaica and the Caribbean)[68][69]
  • Homo[70]
  • Faggot,[71][72][73] Fag[74] a slur against gay men first recorded in a Portland, Oregon publication in 1914[19]
  • Fairy – a slur reclaimed by gay men in the 1960s[19][75]
  • Flamer[76][77]
  • Fruit (also fruit loop, fruit packer, butt fruit) – a slur against gay men; originally a stereotype of gay men as "softer" and "smelling good"[19][78]
  • Fudge packer[63][79]
  • Ogay[80]
  • Pansy[81]
  • Sod (from Sodomy)[82]
  • viado – a gay male or an effeminate man (lit., a corrupted form of "deer", derived from desviado, meaning deviant) (Brazil)

Terms describing lesbians
A member of the Dykes on Bikes motorcycle club
  • baby butch – a young, boyish lesbian (US)[14]
  • baby dyke – a young or recently out lesbian (US)[13]
  • Bean flicker – Likening the clitoris to a bean"[83]
  • boydyke – a lesbian with male presentation[84][85]
  • bull dyke – a masculine lesbian, as opposed to a baby butch or dinky dyke (US)[14]
  • butch – a masculine lesbian[14][86][87]
  • Carpet muncher (or "rug muncher")[88][89]
  • Dyke ("bull dyke", "bull dagger", alternatively "bulldagger", "bulldicker"[90]), from 1920s black American slang. A slur reclaimed by women who are attracted to women in the 1950s[19][91][92][93]
  • dykon – a celebrity woman who is seen as an icon by lesbians; may or may not be a lesbian herself (US)[13]
  • Kiki – a term used primarily from the 1940s until the 1960s to indicate a lesbian who was not butch or femme and did not have a preference for either butch or femme partners[97]
  • Kitty puncher or pussy puncher, with both "kitty" and "pussy" referring to a woman's vagina, and "puncher" as a variation on various derogatory terms for gay men, such "donut puncher".[98]
  • lesbian until graduation (LUG) – a woman who experiments with bisexual or homosexual activity during school only[99]
  • lipstick lesbian – a lesbian/bisexual woman who displays historically feminine attributes such as wearing make-up, dresses, and high heels[100]
  • muff-diver – a lesbian[101][102][103]
  • pillow princess – a lesbian who prefers to receive sexual stimulation (to bottom) (US)[13]
  • stone butch – a very masculine lesbian, or a butch lesbian who does not receive touch during intercourse, only giving (US)[13]

Terms describing bisexuals or pansexuals
  • AC/DC – reference to "swinging both ways" (US)[104]
  • Bicon – portmanteau of the words bisexual and icon. Used to refer to a bisexual celebrity[105]
  • Gillette Blade – a 1950s era term for bisexual women, whose sexuality "cuts both ways"[106]
  • Switch hitter – from the baseball term
  • Unicorn/Hot Bi Babe (HBB) – a bisexual person who desires multiple partners and is willing to join an existing married couple (known as a "Dyad", versus a "Triad" when there are three people),[107] the presumption being the "unicorn" will date and become sexually involved with both members of the couple.[108] "Unicorns" are so named because people willing to agree to such arrangements are rare, whereas couples looking for a lover who will agree to these terms are common. "Dyads" actively seeking unicorns are called "unicorn hunters".[109] Urban Dictionary defines a unicorn as "a bisexual person, usually though not always female, who is willing to join an existing couple, often with the presumption that this person will date and become sexually involved with both members of that couple, and not demand anything or do anything that might cause problems or inconvenience to that couple." Pride.com has appreciated this definition and said, "They're called unicorns, because bisexuals like these don't (or rarely) exist."[110]

Terms describing androgynous or intersex people

Terms describing transgender and non-binary people
Further information: Attraction to transgender people § Alternative terms
  • Copenhagen capon – a transsexual person (in reference to castration) (US)[14]
  • Cuntboy / Dickgirl – a female-to-male (FtM) and male-to-female (MtF) transgender/transsexual person, respectively, who has not had genital surgery.
  • Egg – a transgender person who has not yet realized they are trans;[114] used by transgender people when aspects of one's personality or behavior remind them of gender-related aspects of themselves before they realized they were trans
  • enby – a non-binary person. the term derives from the abbreviation 'NB' (US)[115][116]
  • Lady Boy – English translation of kathoey, similar or equivalent to transgender woman, but may refer to feminine gay men or intersex people.[117]
  • Shemale – a trans woman with male genitalia and possibly female secondary sex characteristics.[118] Primarily a term used in pornography and often considered derogatory.[119]
  • T-girl – short for trans girl, considered derogatory by some.[120]
  • Tranny – slur used for transgender people.[121][122]
  • Transbian (portmanteau of "trans" and "lesbian") – a transgender lesbian.[123]

Terms describing cisgender or heterosexual people

Terms describing asexuality

See also

References
  1. Baker, Paul (2002). Polari – The Lost Language of Gay Men. Routledge. p. 1. ISBN 9780203167045. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
  2. Long, Daniel (1996). Formation Processes of Some Japanese Gay Argot Terms. Vol. 71. Duke University Press. pp. 215–224.
  3. Cage, Ken; Evans, Moyra (2003). Gayle: The Language of Kinks and Queens: A History and Dictionary of Gay Language in South Africa. Jacana Media. p. 16. ISBN 9781919931494. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
  4. Hamaida, Lena (2007). "Subtitling Slang and Dialect" (PDF). EU High Level Scientific Conference. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 January 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
  5. Proschan, Frank (1997). "Review: Recognizing Gay and Lesbian Speech". American Anthropologist. Wiley. 99 (1): 164–166. doi:10.1525/aa.1997.99.1.164. JSTOR 682150.
  6. Quinion, Michael (1996). "How Bona to Vada Your Eek!". World Wide Words. Archived from the original on 7 September 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2010.
  7. "Reports of Investigators on Meetings of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and the Ku Klux Klan". State Archives and Library of Florida. 27 July 1964.
  8. Howard, John (1997). Carryin' on in the Lesbian and Gay South. NYU Press. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-8147-3560-2.
  9. "SCRUFF, Gay App, Launches 'Gay Slang Dictionary'". Huffington Post. 12 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  10. Jacobs, Greg (1996). "Lesbian and Gay Male Language Use: A Critical Review of the Literature". American Speech. 71 (1): 49–71. doi:10.2307/455469. JSTOR 455469.
  11. Leap, William (1999). Public Sex/Gay Space. Columbia University Press. p. 61.
  12. Lumby, Malcolm E. (1976). "Code Switching and Sexual Orientation: A Test of Bernstein's Sociolinguistic Theory". Journal of Homosexuality. 1 (4): 383–399. doi:10.1300/j082v01n04_03. PMID 1018102.
  13. Brabaw, Kasandra. "17 Lesbian Slang Terms Every Baby Gay Needs To Learn". Refinery29. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  14. Max, H. (1988). Gay(s) Language: A Dic(k)tionary of Gay Slang. Banned Books. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-934411-15-8.
  15. Green 2005, p. 83.
  16. "Definition of 'boi'". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 22 April 2019. in British ... a lesbian who adopts a boyish appearance or manner
  17. Zane, Zachary (2021-05-24). "How Gay Men Actually Feel About the Word 'Bussy'". Men's Health. Retrieved 2021-08-02.
  18. Baker, Paul (2002). Fantabulosa: The Dictionary of Polari and Gay Slang. Continuum. ISBN 9780826473431. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
  19. Dynes, Wayne R. (2016-03-22). Encyclopedia of homosexuality. Volume II. London. ISBN 9781317368113. OCLC 953858681.
  20. King, J.L.; Carreras, Courtney (25 April 2006). Coming Up from the Down Low: The Journey to Acceptance, Healing and Honest Love. Three Rivers Press. p. 36. Archived from the original on 18 August 2010. Retrieved 18 December 2009.
  21. Johnson, Jason (1 May 2005). "Secret Gay Encounters of Black Men Could Be Raising Women's Infection Rate". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 18 December 2009.
  22. Mutua, Athena (28 September 2006). Progressive Black Masculinities. Routledge. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-415-97687-9. Retrieved 18 December 2009.
  23. Bennett, Jessica (19 May 2008). "Outing Hip-Hop". Newsweek. Retrieved 19 December 2009.
  24. Boyd, Helen (2004). My Husband Betty: Love, Sex and Life with a Cross-Dresser. Sdal Press. p. 64. ISBN 978-1560255154.
  25. Moon, Dawne (1995). "Insult and Inclusion: The Term Fag Hag and Gay Male Community". Social Forces. 74 (2): 487–510. doi:10.2307/2580489. JSTOR 2580489.
  26. Norton, Rictor (30 March 2003) [14 April 2000]. "The Game of Flats, 1749" Homosexuality in Eighteenth Century England: A Sourcebook. Sterling Publishing. ISBN 978-0-304-36636-1. Archived from the original on 2008-01-24. Retrieved 15 October 2007. The reference is to A. G. Busbequius, Travels into Turkey, English translation (London, 1744). The original book, published much earlier, was invariably cited whenever lesbianism was mentioned, e.g., William Walsh's A Dialogue Concerning Women (London, 1691) and in Martin Schurig's Muliebria Historico-Medica (1729).
  27. "The Gaysian".
  28. "Stop trying to divide the LGBTQ community even more than it already is | The Maneater". themaneater.com. Retrieved 2021-08-22.
  29. Thompson, E.M.; Morgan, E.M. (2008). ""Mostly straight" young women: Variations in sexual behavior and identity development". Developmental Psychology. 44 (1): 15–21. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.1.15. PMID 18194001. S2CID 14336659.
  30. Andreadis, 10, 51.
  31. Venning, Rachel; Cavanah, Claire (2003-09-16). Sex Toys 101: A Playfully Uninhibited Guide. Simon and Schuster. pp. 86–. ISBN 9780743243513. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
  32. Urquhart, Evan (2017-03-30). "Why Is "Passing" Such a Controversial Subject for Trans People?". Slate Magazine. Retrieved 2019-04-13.
  33. "Scruff, Gay Slang Dictionary". Archived from the original on October 6, 2016. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  34. Michelson, Noah (16 October 2015). "What's a Skoliosexual?". Huffington Post. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  35. Anderson-Minshall, Jacob (18 May 2017). "Is Fetishizing Trans Bodies Offensive?". The Advocate. Retrieved 14 October 2017.
  36. "swish definition, meaning". dictionary.cambridge.org. Cambridge Dictionaries Online. Retrieved 20 February 2015. swish noun [C] (LIKE A WOMAN)  › US slang disapproving a man who behaves or appears in a way that is generally considered more suited to a woman, and who does not have traditional male qualities
  37. "swish - Gay Slang Dictionary". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2015. swish #n. To overplay or over do homosexual gestures; the traits of an effeminate male homosexual. Source: [1930's] #Passive homosexual. #To walk speak or move in the manner of an weak effeminate boy or man; the stereotype effeminate homosexual.
  38. Goldberg, Michelle (2014-08-04). "What Is a Woman?". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2019-03-19. The term can be useful for making a distinction with radical feminists who do not share the same position, but those at whom it is directed consider it a slur.
  39. London, H.J. (2018-06-29). "Transgender identities: a series of invited essays". The Economist. Retrieved 2019-03-19. In the interests of fostering open debate we have set ground rules, both for essays and reader comments: use the pronouns people want you to use, and avoid all slurs, including TERF (trans-exclusionary radical feminist), which may have started as a descriptive term but is now used to try to silence a vast swathe of opinions on trans issues, and sometimes to incite violence against women.
  40. Ditum, Sarah (2017-09-29). "What is a Terf? How an internet buzzword became a mainstream slur". New Statesman America. Retrieved 2019-03-19. Terf is now being used in a kind of discourse which has clear similarities with hate-speech directed at other groups…
  41. Compton, Julie (2019-01-14). "'Pro-lesbian' or 'trans-exclusionary'? Old animosities boil into public view". NBC News. Retrieved 2019-03-19. Meghan Murphy claims the acronym TERF is 'hate speech' that incites 'violence against women.'
  42. Flaherty, Colleen (2018-08-29). "'TERF' War". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved 2019-03-19. For some, using the word 'TERF' means calling out transphobia where they see it. For others, the word is a slur that has no place in academic discourse.
  43. Weinberg, Justin (2018-08-27). "Derogatory Language in Philosophy Journal Risks Increased Hostility and Diminished Discussion". Daily Nous. Retrieved 2019-03-19. …the term 'TERF', which is at worst a slur and at best derogatory.
  44. "femboy". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  45. Edward Anthony Gibbons (2008). A Cultural Affair. iUniverse. p. 6. ISBN 9780595611614. On many, a cold freezing night, of temperatures hovering near zero, the finocchios tease and try to encourage Tedesco to join in their warm body orgies.
  46. Green 2005, p. 522
  47. "flower - Gay Slang Dictionary". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
  48. Leap, William; Boellstorff, Tom (2003). Speaking in Queer Tongues: Globalization and Gay Language. University of Illinois Press. p. 98. ISBN 0-252-07142-5.
  49. "The Gaysian".
  50. Dalzell & Victor 2006, p. 1208.
  51. "Dictionary of Sexual Terms". Sex-lexis.com. Retrieved 2011-01-20.
  52. "Interview". Gay Today. Retrieved 2013-09-01.
  53. "Crossing Signals". Time. September 8, 1975. Archived from the original on December 9, 2007. Retrieved 16 July 2007.
  54. Rodgers, Bruce Gay Talk (The Queen's Vernacular): A Dictionary of Gay Slang New York: 1972 Parragon Books, an imprint of G.P. Putnam's Sons Page 99
  55. Ayres T (1999). China doll - the experience of being a gay Chinese Australian. Journal of Homosexuality, 36(3-4): 87-97
  56. "Twink definition". Online dictionary. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  57. Green 2005, p. 161
  58. Duffy, Nick. "UKIP candidate ranted about 'arse bandit' pride on Facebook". PinkNews. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  59. https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/ass_bandit
  60. Green 2005, p. 49
  61. Scott, Julia (May 22, 2015). "The Lonely Fight Against Belize's Antigay Laws". The New York Times. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
  62. Cayetano, Isani (April 9, 2014). "Transgender woman is stoned and beaten by an angry mob". News 5. Belize. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
  63. Dalzell 2008
  64. Green 2005, p. 188
  65. Green 2005, p. 206
  66. Green 2005, p. 208
  67. Green 2005, p. 226
  68. C Gutzmore, Casting the First Stone, Interventions: International Journal of Postcolonial Studies, 2004 – Taylor & Francis, Volume 6, Number 1, April 2004, pp. 118–134(17)
  69. Allan, Keith; Kate Burridge (2006). Forbidden Words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language. Cambridge University Press. p. 156. ISBN 978-0-521-81960-2. Retrieved 15 October 2007.
  70. Boswell, John (1993-09-07). Wolinsky, Marc; Sherrill, Kenneth (eds.). On the Use of the Term "Homo" as a Derogatory Epithet. Princeton University Press. pp. 49–55. doi:10.1515/9781400821044.49. ISBN 978-1-4008-2104-4.
  71. "Faggot". Reference.com. Retrieved November 16, 2013.
  72. 2008, Paul Ryan Brewer, Value war: public opinion and the politics of gay rights, page 60
  73. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin. 2000. ISBN 978-0-618-70172-8.
  74. ""Fag" definition, meaning". dictionary.cambridge.org. Cambridge Dictionaries Online. Retrieved 1 March 2015. [C] US slang an offensive word for a gay man
  75. Green 2005, p. 485
  76. "Definition of flamer". The Online Slang Dictionary. Retrieved 28 February 2015. flower n. #A homosexual who takes the female role in a gay relationship. Source: [1950's]
  77. "Definition of flamer". The Online Slang Dictionary. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
  78. Green 2005, p. 549
  79. Dalzell, Tom; Victor, Terry, eds. (2013). The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English. Routledge. p. 937. ISBN 9781317372523.
  80. Yin-Poole, Wesley (27 August 2019). "Ion Fury dev U-turns on promise to pull in-game homophobic slur". Eurogamer. Retrieved 29 August 2019. Elsewhere, face wash bottles were found to include the homophobic slur "ogay" on their packaging.
  81. Kemp, A.C. (2002–2005). "Bad Baby Names". Slang City. Retrieved 15 October 2007.
  82. "Online Etymology Dictionary". Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  83. Green 2005, p. 82
  84. Mimi, Marinucci (2016). Feminism is queer. Zed Books Ltd. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-78360-675-7. OCLC 930829272.
  85. E., Meyer, Ilan H. Northridge, Mary (2010). The health of sexual minorities : public health perspectives on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations. Springer. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-4419-3959-3. OCLC 697538612.
  86. "Butch-Femme" (PDF). glbtqarchive. Retrieved 2018-07-12.
  87. Green 2005, p. 222
  88. Dalzell 2008, p. 170
  89. Rader, Walter. "Definition of carpet muncher". The Online Slang Dictionary. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  90. Green 2005, p. 146
  91. Krantz, Susan E. (1995). "Reconsidering the Etymology of Bulldike". American Speech. 70 (2): 217–221. doi:10.2307/455819. JSTOR 455819.
  92. "Prisons and Prisoners". GLBTQ Encyclopedia. 2006. Archived from the original on 12 November 2007. Retrieved 15 October 2007.
  93. Dynes et al. 1990, p. 335
  94. Dalzell 2008, p. 287
  95. Matthew Rottnek, Sissies and Tomboys: Gender Nonconformity and Homosexual Childhood, NYU Press, May 1, 1999 -
  96. Green 2005, p. 444
  97. Haggerty, George; Zimmerman, Bonnie (2003-09-02). Encyclopedia of Lesbian and Gay Histories and Cultures edited by George Haggerty, Bonnie Zimmerman. ISBN 9781135578701. Retrieved 2018-03-27.
  98. Green 2005, p. 440
  99. Rimer, Sara (June 5, 1993). "Campus Lesbians Step Into Unfamiliar Light". The New York Times.
  100. Roshan das Nair, Catherine Butler (2012). Intersectionality, Sexuality and Psychological Therapies: Working with Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Diversity. John Wiley & Sons. p. 49. ISBN 978-1119967439. Retrieved April 5, 2015.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  101. Dalzell & Victor 2006, p. 1335.
  102. Dalzell, Tom, ed. (2018). The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English. Routledge. p. 2013. ISBN 978-1-138-77965-5.
  103. Dalzell 2008, p. 679
  104. Castleman, Michael (March 15, 2016). "The Continuing Controversy Over Bisexuality". Psychology Today. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
  105. Davis, Chloe O. (2021). The Queens' English: The LGBTQIA+ Dictionary of Lingo and Colloquial Phrases. Potter/Ten Speed/Harmony/Rodale. ISBN 978-0-593-13500-6.
  106. https://books.google.com/books?id=I5SVsJmVxDUC&pg=PA48&dq=GILLETTE+BLADE+lesbian#v=onepage&q=GILLETTE%20BLADE%20lesbian Gay L. A.: A History of Sexual Outlaws, Power Politics, And Lipstick Lesbians (2006)
  107. "How to be a Sexual Unicorn". 15 February 2017.
  108. admin. "Unicorn Polyamory". Unicorns Rule!. Retrieved 2021-07-05.
  109. "Hunting the Elusive Unicorn". 2012-04-22.
  110. "Popular Gay Slang Inspired by the Animal Kingdom". Pride.com. Here Media. 2020-01-08. Retrieved 2022-04-19.
  111. Leupp, Gary P. (1995). Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 174. ISBN 9780520919198. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
  112. (in German) Krauss, Friedrich Salomo et al. Japanisches Geschlechtsleben: Abhandlungen und Erhebungen über das Geschlechtsleben des japanischen Volkes; folkloristische Studien, Schustek, 1965
  113. James, Edward (2003). The Cambridge Companion to Science Fiction. ISBN 9781107494671.
  114. VanDerWerff, Emily (2019-03-30). "How The Matrix universalized a trans experience — and helped me accept my own". Vox. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  115. "enby - Wiktionary". en.wiktionary.org. Retrieved 2019-06-16.
  116. Bergman, S. Bear; Barker, Meg-John (2017). "Non-binary Activism". In Richards, Christina; Bouman, Walter Pierre; Barker, Meg-John (eds.). Genderqueer and Non-Binary Genders. Critical and Applied Approaches in Sexuality, Gender and Identity. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-137-51052-5.
  117. Jackson, Peter A (1989). Male Homosexuality in Thailand; An Interpretation of Contemporary Thai Sources. Elmhurst NY: Global Academic Publishers.
  118. Autumn Sandeen, Blaming The Victim, Angie Zapata, For Her Own Death, Shadowproof, 19 Mar 2009
  119. Halberstam, Jack (2018). Trans*: A Quick and Quirky Account of Gender Variability. University of California Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-0520292680.
  120. "What Is A "T-Girl"?". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  121. Kaveney, Roz (2010-06-30). "Why trans is in but tranny is out". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2012-10-06.
  122. "GLAAD's Transgender Resources". Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation. 2011-09-11. Retrieved 2012-10-06.
  123. Virginia Blain, "Queer Empathy: or, Reading/Writing the Queer in Victorian Poetry", Literature Compass, Volume 1, Issue 1, January 2003 - December 2004, page 8
  124. Liu, Ling (26 July 2006). "Provincetown Straights Complain". SFGate. Archived from the original on 4 March 2007. Retrieved 21 March 2007.
  125. "Meaning of breeder in English". Cambridge Dictionary. Cambridge University Press.
  126. Sian Ferguson (23 September 2019). "Cisgender and Straight Don't Mean the Same Thing — Here's Why". healthline. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
  127. Milloy, Christin Scarlett (2 October 2014). "Meet the Chasers, "Admirers" Who Really, Really Want to Date Trans People". Slate Magazine.
  128. Bering, Jesse. "Studying the elusive "fag hag": Women who like men who like men". Scientific American Blog Network. Scientific American, a Division of Nature America, Inc.
  129. Moon, Dawne (December 1995). "Insult and Inclusion: The Term Fag Hag and Gay Male "Community"". Social Forces. 74 (2): 487–510. doi:10.2307/2580489. JSTOR 2580489. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  130. "Fag hag Definition & Meaning". Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, LLC. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  131. Hardy, Janet W. (29 February 2012). Girlfag : a life told in sex and musicals. ISBN 978-1-938123-01-6. OCLC 858621985.
  132. "Who are girlfags & guydykes? • Girlfags & Guydykes". 2019-05-25. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
  133. SlangDefine.org. "Slang Define: What is Lesboy? - meaning and definition". slangdefine.org. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
  134. "The Wonderful and Confusing World of Girlfags and Guydykes". Fair Observer. 2015-04-16. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
  135. James Besanvalle (31 July 2018). "Here's a handy way to tell if someone you meet is asexual". Gay Star News. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  136. Sophia Mitrokostas (25 July 2018). "7 things you should know about identifying as aromantic — or not being romantically attracted to others". Insider. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  137. Julie Sondra Decker (2015). The Invisible Orientation: An Introduction to Asexuality. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781510700642. Retrieved 18 January 2020.

Bibliography

Further reading
  • Rodgers, Bruce (1972). The Queens' Vernacular – A Gay Lexicon. Straight Arrow Books. ISBN 978-0-87932-026-3. OCLC 508274.
  • T., Anna (2020). Opacity - Minority - Improvisation: An Exploration of the Closet Through Queer Slangs and Postcolonial Theory. Bielefeld: Transcript. ISBN 978-3-8376-5133-1.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.