Johnius

Johnius is a genus of fishes in the family Sciaenidae. They are commonly known as croakers due to their ability to produce purring, croaking and knocking sounds. The sounds are produced mainly at night and are thought to be either involved in defense or for courtship.[1]

Johnius
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Acanthuriformes
Family: Sciaenidae
Genus: Johnius
Bloch, 1793
Type species
Johnius carutta

The genus name was erected by Marcus Bloch in 1793 based on a specimen obtained from Tranquebar from Reverend Christoph Samuel John which was named as Johnius carutta. There are about 35 species in the genus, all within the Indo-West Pacific waters. The genus and the tribe Johniini are identified by the hammer-shaped swim bladder with 13-17 branching lateral appendages, the first lateral branch extending to the dorsal corner of the gill opening. The have large paired sagittal otoliths that are triangular.[2]

Species diversity

Species in the genus include:

  • Johnius amblycephalus (Bleeker, 1855) - Bearded croaker
  • Johnius australis (Günther, 1880) - Bottlenose jewfish
  • Johnius belangerii (Cuvier, 1830) - Belanger's croaker
  • Johnius borneensis (Bleeker, 1851) - Sharpnose hammer croaker
  • Johnius cantori Bleeker, 1874
  • Johnius carouna (Cuvier, 1830) - Caroun croaker
  • Johnius carutta Bloch, 1793 - Karut croaker
  • Johnius coitor (Hamilton, 1822) - Coitor croaker
  • Johnius distinctus (Tanaka, 1916)
  • Johnius dorsalis (Peters, 1855) - Small kob
  • Johnius dussumieri (Cuvier, 1830) - Sin croaker
  • Johnius elongatus Lal Mohan, 1976 - Spindle croaker
  • Johnius fasciatus Chu, Lo & Wu, 1963
  • Johnius fuscolineatus (von Bonde, 1923) - Bellfish
  • Johnius gangeticus Talwar, 1991
  • Johnius glaucus (Day, 1876) - Pale spotfin croaker
  • Johnius goldmani (Bleeker, 1855)
  • Johnius grypotus (Richardson, 1846)
  • Johnius heterolepis Bleeker, 1873 - Large-scale croaker
  • Johnius hypostoma (Bleeker, 1854) - Small-mouth croaker
  • Johnius laevis Sasaki & Kailola, 1991 - Smooth croaker
  • Johnius latifrons Sasaki, 1992 - Broad-head croaker
  • Johnius macropterus (Bleeker, 1853) - Largefin croaker
  • Johnius macrorhynus (Lal Mohan, 1976) - Big-snout croaker
  • Johnius majan Iwatsuki, Jawad & Al-Mamry, 2012 - Majan croaker
  • Johnius mannarensis Lal Mohan, 1971 - Mannar croaker
  • Johnius novaeguineae (Nichols, 1950) - Paperhead croaker
  • Johnius novaehollandiae (Steindachner, 1866)
  • Johnius pacificus Hardenberg, 1941 - Pacific croaker
  • Johnius philippinus Sasaki, 1999
  • Johnius plagiostoma (Bleeker, 1849) - Large-eye croaker
  • Johnius trachycephalus (Bleeker, 1851) - Leaftail croaker
  • Johnius trewavasae Sasaki, 1992 - Trewavas croaker
  • Johnius weberi Hardenberg, 1936 - Weber's croaker

References
  1. Lin, Yuan C.; Mok, Hin K.; Huang, Bao Q. (2007). "Sound characteristics of big-snout croaker, Johnius macrorhynus (Sciaenidae)". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 121 (1): 586–593. doi:10.1121/1.2384844. ISSN 0001-4966.
  2. Chao, Ning Labbish; Chang, Chih-Wei; Chen, Meng-Hsien; Guo, Chang-Chang; Lin, Bai-An; Liou, You-Yu; Shen, Kang-Ning; Liu, Min (2019). "Johnius taiwanensis, a new species of Sciaenidae from the Taiwan Strait, with a key to Johnius species from Chinese waters". Zootaxa. 4651 (2): 259–270. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4651.2.3. ISSN 1175-5334.
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