İ

İ, or i, called dotted I or i-dot, is a letter used in the Latin-script alphabets of Azerbaijani, Crimean Tatar, Gagauz, Kazakh, Tatar, and Turkish. It commonly represents the close front unrounded vowel /i/, except in Kazakh where it additionally represents the voiced palatal approximant /j/ and the diphthongs /ɪj/ and /əj/. All of the languages it is used in also use its dotless counterpart I while not using the basic Latin letter I.

"Dotted I" redirects here. For the Cyrillic letter, see Dotted I (Cyrillic).
"I-dot" redirects here. For the state agency, see Illinois Department of Transportation.
İ
İ i
Usage
Writing systemLatin script
TypeAlphabetic
Language of originTurkish language
Phonetic usage[i]
[j]
[ɪj]
[əj]
Unicode codepointU+0130, U+0069
History
Development
Time period1928 to present
SistersI ı
Other

In computing
Character information
Previewİi
Unicode name LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
I WITH DOT ABOVE		 LATIN SMALL LETTER I
Encodingsdecimalhexdechex
Unicode304U+0130105U+0069
UTF-8196 176C4 B010569
Numeric character referenceİİii
Named character referenceİ
ISO 8859-9221DD10569
ISO 8859-3169A910569

Unicode does not encode the lowercase form of İ separately, and instead merges it with the lowercase form of the Latin letter I. John Cowan proposed disunification of plain Ii as capital letter dotless I and small letter I with dot above to make the casing more consistent.[1] The Unicode Technical Committee had previously rejected a similar proposal[2] because it would corrupt mapping from character sets with dotted and dotless I and corrupt data in these languages.

Most Unicode software lowercases İ to i, but, unless specifically configured for Turkish, it uppercases i to I. Thus lowercasing then uppercasing changes the letters.

In the Microsoft Windows SDK, beginning with Windows Vista, several relevant functions have a NORM_LINGUISTIC_CASING flag, to indicate that for Turkish and Azerbaijani locales, i should map to İ.

In the LaTeX typesetting language the dotted İ can be written using the normal accenting method (i.e. \.{I}).

Dotted İ is problematic in the Turkish locales of several software packages, including Oracle DBMS, PHP, Java (software platform),[3][4] and Unixware 7, where implicit capitalization of names of keywords, variables, and tables has effects not foreseen by the application developers. The C or US English locales do not have these problems. The .NET Framework has special provisions to handle the 'Turkish i'.[5]

Error when displaying dotted İ as a dotless I while translating from Turkish to Polish

In some Ectaco translators, the letter İ was also treated as I (e.g. TRAFIK ⟨traffic⟩, when it is normally TRAFİK).

Usage in other languages

Both the dotted and dotless I can be used in transcriptions of Rusyn to allow distinguishing between the letters Ы and И, which would otherwise be both transcribed as "y", despite representing different phonemes. Under such transcription the dotted İ would represent the Cyrillic І, and the dotless I would represent either Ы or И, with the other being represented by "Y".

See also
  • Dotless I, the letter's dotless counterpart
  • African reference alphabet, where a similar situation occurs, albeit with the serifs rather than the tittles
  • Tittle: the dot above "i" and "j" in most of the Latin scripts

References
  1. Cowan, John (September 10, 1997). "Resolving dotted and dotless "i"". unicode@unicode.org (Mailing list).
  2. Davis, Mark (September 11, 1997). "Re: Resolving dotted and dotless "i"". unicode@unicode.org (Mailing list).
  3. Winchester, Joe (September 7, 2004). "Turkish Java Needs Special Brewing". JDJ. Archived from the original on 2017-07-26. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
  4. Schindler, Uwe (2012-07-11). "The Policeman's Horror: Default Locales, Default Charsets, and Default Timezones". The Generics Policeman Blog.
  5. "Writing Culture-Safe Managed Code: The Turkish Example". msdn.microsoft.com. 2006-09-13.
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