Helix lucorum

*Helix lucorum* (raw)
	Helix lucorum served as escargots
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy	95 kcal (400 kJ)
Carbohydrates	0 g
Sugars	0 g
Dietary fiber	0 g
Fat	1.59 g
Saturated	0 g
Trans	0 g
Protein	19.05 g
Vitamins	Quantity %DV†
Vitamin A equiv.	0% 0 μg
Vitamin C	0% 0 mg
Minerals	Quantity %DV†
Calcium	16% 159 mg
Iron	18% 2.29 mg
Sodium	7% 103 mg
Other constituents	Quantity
Cholesterol	206 mg
	Full Link to USDA Database entry
	Units; μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams; IU = International units;
	†Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.

Helix lucorum
	live specimen of Helix lucorum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Order:	Stylommatophora
Family:	Helicidae
Subfamily:	Helicinae
Tribe:	Helicinini
Genus:	Helix
Species:	H. lucorum
Binomial name
	Helix lucorum; Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms[1]
	Helix (Helicogena) ancyrensis Kobelt, 1905 (junior synonym); Helix (Helicogena) ancyrensis haussknechti Kobelt, 1905 (junior synonym); Helix (Helicogena) everekensis Kobelt, 1907 (junior synonym); Helix (Helicogena) halepensis Kobelt, 1905 (junior synonym); Helix (Helicogena) quinquefasciata Kobelt, 1905 (junior synonym); Helix (Helix) lucorum Linnaeus, 1758· accepted, alternate representation; Helix (Pomatia) dorylaeensis Kobelt, 1903 (junior synonym); Helix (Pomatia) dorylaensis Nägele, 1903 (suspected synonym); Helix annosa Mascarini, 1892; Helix atrocincta Bourguignat, 1883; Helix castanea Olivier, 1801 (invalid; not O. F. Müller, 1774); Helix castanea var. bulgarica Kobelt, 1905 (junior synonym); Helix castanea var. nigerrima Kobelt, 1905 (junior synonym); Helix lucorum anaphora Westerlund, 1889; Helix lucorum hueti Kobelt, 1905 (junior synonym); Helix lucorum loebbeckei Kobelt, 1905 (junior synonym); Helix lucorum moussoni Kobelt, 1905 (invalid; not L. Pfeiffer, 1849); Helix lucorum var. euphratica E. von Martens, 1874 (junior synonym); Helix mahometana Bourguignat, 1860 (junior synonym); Helix mutata Lamarck, 1822 (junior synonym); Helix nigrozonata Bourguignat, 1883; Helix onixiomicra Bourguignat, 1860 (junior synonym); Helix onixiomicra var. presbensis Kobelt, 1905 (junior synonym); Helix radiosa Rossmässler, 1838 (junior synonym); Helix rumelica var. magnifica Kobelt, 1905 (junior synonym); Helix rypara Bourguignat, 1883; Helix schachbulakensis Bourguignat, 1876 (junior synonym); Helix socia L. Pfeiffer, 1853 (junior synonym); Helix taurica Krynicki, 1833; Helix virago Bourguignat, 1883;

Helix lucorum is a species of large, edible, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Helicidae, the typical snails. [1]

Description

The shell of Helix lucorum

var. boettgeri

Adult snails weight about 20-25 g.[2]

The width of the shell is 35-60.[3] The height of the shell is 25–45 mm.[3]

This species of snail makes and uses love darts.

Distribution

The native distribution is Caucasus, Anatolia and, arguably, Balkans, it also invaded many other regions since ancient times.[4]

Few different lineages of Helix lucorum has a distinct different shell's coloration and in some regions the snails from the different lineages are invaded during the different periods forming the populations that differs from each other.[4]

Eastern native range with main genetic diversity of the species:

Balkans (probably native):

Albania[4]
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria[4]
Croatia
Greece[4]
Macedonia[4]
Serbia[4]
Turkey[4]

Other countries:

Israel[6]
Syria
Russia - could be native in Caucasus, invasive in some other regions[4]
Italy - probably invasive[4]
Hungary - probably invasive[4]
Romania - probably invasive[4]
Ukraine - invasive, in Crimea ("Helix taurica Krynicki, 1833") at least since early 19 century, probably much longer, these populations originated from Anatolia;[4] other colonies of a different lineage also appear since 2000s in mainland part of Southern Ukraine and in Crimea as well[4][7][8]
Czech Republic - invasive, since 2009, as of 2011 the only locality is Prague-Žižkov[3][9]
Slovakia - invasive, since 2013, as of 2014 the only locality is in Bratislava[10]
France - invasive
Great Britain - invasive, since 2009, at Wimbledon[11]

Ecology

The diameter of the egg is 4.4 mm.[12] Juvenile snails that are two to three months old weigh 0.5-0.9 g.[2]

Human use

Helix lucorum is used in cuisine as escargots.

References

MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Helix lucorum Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1050278 on 2020-05-02
Danilova A.B. & Grinkevich L. N. (2012). "Failure of Long-Term Memory Formation in Juvenile Snails Is Determined by Acetylation Status of Histone H3 and Can Be Improved by NaB Treatment". PLoS ONE 7(7): e41828. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041828.
(in Czech) Horsák M., Juřičková L., Beran L., Čejka T. & Dvořák L. (2010). "Komentovaný seznam měkkýšů zjištěných ve volné přírodě České a Slovenské republiky. [Annotated list of mollusc species recorded outdoors in the Czech and Slovak Republics]". Malacologica Bohemoslovaca, Suppl. 1: 1-37. PDF.
Korábek O., Juřičková L., Balashov I., Petrusek A. The contribution of ancient and modern anthropogenic introductions to the colonization of Europe by the land snail Helix lucorum Linnaeus, 1758 (Helicidae) // Contributions to Zoology. — 2018. — 87 (2). — P. 61—74.
Mumladze L. (2013). "Shell size differences in Helix lucorum Linnaeus, 1758 (Mollusca: Gastropoda) between natural and urban environments". Turkish Journal of Zoology 37: 1-6.
Commonwealth of Australia (2002 April). "Citrus Imports from the Arab Republic of Egypt. A Review Under Existing Import Conditions for Citrus from Israel Archived 2009-01-09 at the Wayback Machine". Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Australia. Caption: Gastropods, page 12 and Appendix 2.
Balashov I. & Gural-Sverlova N. (2012). "An annotated checklist of the terrestrial molluscs of Ukraine". Journal of Conchology 41(1): 91-109.
Balashov I.A., Kramarenko S.S., Zhukov A.V., Shklyaruk A.N., Baidashnikov A.A., Vasyliuk A.V. 2013. Contribution to the knowledge of terrestrial molluscs in southeastern Ukraine. Malacologica Bohemoslovaca. 12: 62–69.
Peltanová A., Petrusek A., Kment P. & Juřičková L. (2011). "A fast snail's pace: colonization of Central Europe by Mediterranean gastropods". Biological Invasions 14(4): 759-764. doi:10.1007/s10530-011-0121-9.
Čejka T. & Čačaný J. (2014). "The first record of the Turkish snail (Helix lucorum L., 1758) in the Slovak Republic". Malacologica Bohemoslovaca 13: 124–125. PDF.
Palmer, P. (2010). "Helix lucorum in Wimbledon, S.W. London". Mollusc World. 23: 12.
Heller J.: Life History Strategies. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited page: 428.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[WoRMS-1] MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Helix lucorum Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1050278 on 2020-05-02

[Danilova_2012-2] Danilova A.B. & Grinkevich L. N. (2012). "Failure of Long-Term Memory Formation in Juvenile Snails Is Determined by Acetylation Status of Histone H3 and Can Be Improved by NaB Treatment". PLoS ONE 7(7): e41828. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041828.

[Horsák_2010-3] (in Czech) Horsák M., Juřičková L., Beran L., Čejka T. & Dvořák L. (2010). "Komentovaný seznam měkkýšů zjištěných ve volné přírodě České a Slovenské republiky. [Annotated list of mollusc species recorded outdoors in the Czech and Slovak Republics]". Malacologica Bohemoslovaca, Suppl. 1: 1-37. PDF.

[Korábek2018-4] Korábek O., Juřičková L., Balashov I., Petrusek A. The contribution of ancient and modern anthropogenic introductions to the colonization of Europe by the land snail Helix lucorum Linnaeus, 1758 (Helicidae) // Contributions to Zoology. — 2018. — 87 (2). — P. 61—74.

[Mumnladze-5] Mumladze L. (2013). "Shell size differences in Helix lucorum Linnaeus, 1758 (Mollusca: Gastropoda) between natural and urban environments". Turkish Journal of Zoology 37: 1-6.

[6] Commonwealth of Australia (2002 April). "Citrus Imports from the Arab Republic of Egypt. A Review Under Existing Import Conditions for Citrus from Israel Archived 2009-01-09 at the Wayback Machine". Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Australia. Caption: Gastropods, page 12 and Appendix 2.

[Balashov-7] Balashov I. & Gural-Sverlova N. (2012). "An annotated checklist of the terrestrial molluscs of Ukraine". Journal of Conchology 41(1): 91-109.

[8] Balashov I.A., Kramarenko S.S., Zhukov A.V., Shklyaruk A.N., Baidashnikov A.A., Vasyliuk A.V. 2013. Contribution to the knowledge of terrestrial molluscs in southeastern Ukraine. Malacologica Bohemoslovaca. 12: 62–69.

[Peltanová_2011-9] Peltanová A., Petrusek A., Kment P. & Juřičková L. (2011). "A fast snail's pace: colonization of Central Europe by Mediterranean gastropods". Biological Invasions 14(4): 759-764. doi:10.1007/s10530-011-0121-9.

[10] Čejka T. & Čačaný J. (2014). "The first record of the Turkish snail (Helix lucorum L., 1758) in the Slovak Republic". Malacologica Bohemoslovaca 13: 124–125. PDF.

[11] Palmer, P. (2010). "Helix lucorum in Wimbledon, S.W. London". Mollusc World. 23: 12.

[Barker-12] Heller J.: Life History Strategies. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited page: 428.