HD 164922

HD 164922 is a seventh magnitude G-type main sequence star in the constellation of Hercules. To view it, binoculars or a telescope are necessary, as it is too faint to be visible to the naked eye. It is 72 light years distant from the Earth.[1] At an age of 13.4 billion years, it will soon evolve away from the main-sequence and expand to become a red giant. It is one of the oldest known stars in the Universe and one of the most ancient multiplanetary systems known in the Milky Way.

HD 164922

Position of star HD 164922 in the constellation Hercules
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0
Constellation Hercules
Right ascension 18h 02m 30.86s[1]
Declination +26° 18′ 46.81″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) +7.01
Characteristics
Spectral type G9V[2]
U−B color index 0.47
B−V color index 0.80
V−R color index 0.42
R−I color index 0.36
Variable type suspected
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)+22.8 km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: 389.772±0.013 mas/yr[3]
Dec.: -602.431±0.017 mas/yr[3]
Parallax (π)45.4954 ± 0.0167 mas[3]
Distance71.69 ± 0.03 ly
(21.980 ± 0.008 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)5.31
Details
Mass0.874 ± 0.012[2] M☉
Radius0.999 ± 0.017[2] R☉
Luminosity0.703 ± 0.017[2] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.387 ± 0.014[2] cgs
Temperature5293 ± 32[2] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.16 ± 0.05[2] dex
Rotation~58.7 d
Age13.4 Gyr
Other designations
BD +26°3151, GJ 700.2, LFT 1388, SAO 85678, HIP 88348, 2MASS J18023085+2618471
Database references
SIMBADdata

Nomenclature

The designation b derive from the order of discovery. The designation of b is given to the first planet orbiting a given star, followed by the other lowercase letters of the alphabet.[4] In the case of HD 164922, only one was discovered, which was designated b, then a more inner planet, which was designated c.[2] The name HD 164922 derives directly from the fact that the star is the 164,922nd star discovered in the Henry Draper catalog.

Stellar characteristics

HD 164922 is a G-type main sequence star that is approximately 87% the mass of and 99% the radius of the Sun. It has a temperature of 5293 K and is 13.4 billion years old. In comparison, the Sun is about 4.6 billion years old[5] and has a temperature of 5778 K.[6]

The star is metal-rich, with a metallicity ([Fe/H]) of 0.16, or 144% the solar amount. This is particularly odd for a star as old as HD 164922. Its luminosity (L☉) is 70% of the solar luminosity.[2]

Planetary system

On 15 July 2006, a long period Saturn-mass exoplanet was announced orbiting around HD 164922. This planet orbits at 2.11 AU from the star with a low eccentricity value of 0.05.[7]

Almost exactly ten years later in 2016, another exoplanet, though less massive than the first planet, was discovered orbiting farther in from the star. This planet has a minimum mass of nearly 13 times that of Earth, meaning it is possibly a Neptune-like planet.

A third exoplanet, a hot super-Earth, was discovered in 2020,[8] and fourth, Neptune-sized, in 2021.[9]

The HD 164922 planetary system[7][2][8][9]
Companion
(in order from star)		 Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)		 Orbital period
(days)		 Eccentricity Inclination Radius
d ≥4±1 M🜨 0.103±0.001 12.458±0.003 0.12+0.13
−0.08		 — —
e ≥10.52+0.99
−0.97 M🜨		 0.2293+0.0026
−0.0027		 41.763±0.012 0.086+0.083
−0.060		 — —
c ≥12.9 ± 1.6 M🜨 0.3351 ± 0.0015 75.765 0.07 — —
b ≥0.360 ± 0.046 MJ 2.11 ± 0.13 1155 ± 23 0.08+0.06
−0.05		 — —



References
  1. van Leeuwen, F. (2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. S2CID 18759600.Vizier catalog entry
  2. Fulton, Benjamin J.; Howard, Andrew W.; Weiss, Lauren M.; Sinukoff, Evan; Petigura, Erik A.; Isaacson, Howard; Hirsch, Lea; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Henry, Gregory W.; Grunblatt, Samuel K.; Huber, Daniel; Kaspar von Braun; Boyajian, Tabetha S.; Kane, Stephen R.; Wittrock, Justin; Horch, Elliott P.; Ciardi, David R.; Howell, Steve B.; Wright, Jason T.; Ford, Eric B. (2016). "Three Temperate Neptunes Orbiting Nearby Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 830 (1): 46. arXiv:1607.00007. Bibcode:2016ApJ...830...46F. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/830/1/46. S2CID 36666883.
  3. Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  4. Hessman, F. V.; Dhillon, V. S.; Winget, D. E.; Schreiber, M. R.; Horne, K.; Marsh, T. R.; Guenther, E.; Schwope, A.; Heber, U. (2010). "On the naming convention used for multiple star systems and extrasolar planets". arXiv:1012.0707 [astro-ph.SR].
  5. Fraser Cain (16 September 2008). "How Old is the Sun?". Universe Today. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  6. Fraser Cain (15 September 2008). "Temperature of the Sun". Universe Today. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  7. Butler, R. P.; et al. (2006). "Catalog of Nearby Exoplanets". The Astrophysical Journal. 646 (1): 505–522. arXiv:astro-ph/0607493. Bibcode:2006ApJ...646..505B. doi:10.1086/504701. S2CID 119067572.
  8. Benatti, S.; Damasso, M.; Desidera, S.; Marzari, F.; Biazzo, K.; Claudi, R.; Di Mauro, M. P.; Lanza, A. F.; Pinamonti, M.; Barbato, D.; Malavolta, L.; Poretti, E.; Sozzetti, A.; Affer, L.; Bignamini, A.; Bonomo, A. S.; Borsa, F.; Brogi, M.; Bruno, G.; Carleo, I.; Cosentino, R.; Covino, E.; Frustagli, G.; Giacobbe, P.; Gonzalez, M.; Gratton, R.; Harutyunyan, A.; Knapic, C.; Leto, G.; et al. (2020). "The GAPS programme at TNG". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 639: A50. arXiv:2005.03368. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037939. S2CID 218538033.
  9. Rosenthal, Lee J.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Hirsch, Lea A.; Isaacson, Howard T.; Howard, Andrew W.; Dedrick, Cayla M.; Sherstyuk, Ilya A.; Blunt, Sarah C.; Petigura, Erik A.; Knutson, Heather A.; Behmard, Aida; Chontos, Ashley; Crepp, Justin R.; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Dalba, Paul A.; Fischer, Debra A.; Henry, Gregory W.; Kane, Stephen R.; Kosiarek, Molly; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Rubenzahl, Ryan A.; Weiss, Lauren M.; Wright, Jason T. (2021), The California Legacy Survey I. A Catalog of 177 Planets from Precision Radial Velocity Monitoring of 719 Nearby Stars over Three Decades, arXiv:2105.11583

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