200s (decade)
The 200s decade ran from January 1, 200, to December 31, 209.
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
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Events
200
By place
Roman Empire
- Emperor Septimius Severus visits the provinces of Syria, Palestine, and Arabia.
- The province of Numidia is taken from the African proconsul, and made an Imperial province.
India
- Rudrasena I, Saka ruler of the Western Satrap dynasty, becomes king of Malwa in Classical India.
Japan
- In Japan, Himiko, whose capital is situated in Yamatai, extends her authority over a number of clans.
America
- The Classic Age of Maya civilization begins (around this year).
- The Paracas culture in the Andes ends (around this year).
By topic
Art
- The Severan Tondo, depicting Septimius Severus, Julia Domna and their children Geta and Caracalla, from Fayum, Egypt, is made. It is now kept at Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Antikensammlung.
Religion
- Jewish Eretz Yisraeli scholar Judah ha-Nasi compiles tracts of the Mishnah, creating Talmudic law.
- Clement of Alexandria denounces the use of musical instruments instead of human voices in Christian music.
- Brahmanism evolves into Hinduism (approximate date).
201
By place
By topic
Religion
- November – A flood in Edessa destroys a Christian church, killing over 2,000 people.
- Osroene becomes the first state to adopt Christianity as its official religion (per New International Encyclopedia).
202
By place
Roman Empire
- Emperor Septimius Severus returns to Rome after a five-year absence. Festivals are held to celebrate his six-year reign. Severus undertakes changes in the imperial government, giving the Roman army a dominant role, raising pay in the legions and permitting legionaries to marry in order to secure their loyalty.
- Rome is a city of about 1.5 million citizens, its people housed mostly in 46,600 insulae or apartment blocks, each three to eight stories high, flimsily made of wood, brick or rubble.
- Some 400,000 slaves perform the menial work of Rome, with middle-class citizens often owning eight; the rich from 500 to 1,000; an emperor as many as 20,000. Free urban workers enjoy 17 to 18 hours of leisure each day, with free admission to baths, sport events and gladiatorial games.
- Severus launches a campaign in Africa; Legio III Augusta under Quintus Anicius Faustus fights a guerrilla war against the Garamantes along the Limes Tripolitanus.[1] They capture several settlements such as Cydamus, Gholaia and their capital Garama, 600 km south of Lepcis Magna. The province of Numidia is enlarged: the Romans annex Castellum Dimmidi, Gemellae and Vescera.
- An edict bans conversions to Christianity and all Christian propaganda.
- A Roman law bans female gladiators.
- The Pantheon is restored.
By topic
Medicine
- Rome establishes medical licenses, awarded only to trained physicians who have passed examinations. Medical societies and civic hospitals are set up, and laws are passed to govern the behavior of medical students. They are prohibited from visiting brothels.
Religion
- In order to avoid Septimus Severus' persecution of Christians, Clement of Alexandria seeks refuge with Alexander in Cappadocia.
203
By place
Roman Empire
- Emperor Septimius Severus rebuilds Byzantium and expands the southern frontier of Africa with the metropolis Carthage re-fortified.[2]
- Gaius Fulvius Plautianus and Publius Septimius Geta become Roman Consuls.
- An arch dedicated to Septimius Severus is erected near the Forum.
- The Portico of Octavia is reconstructed.
India
- Prince Vijaya becomes king of the Andhra Empire. During his reign, the empire is broken apart into smaller independent principalities.
China
- Battle of Xiakou: Warlord Sun Quan battles his rival Huang Zu along the Yangtze River near Wuhan.
By topic
204
By place
Roman Empire
- Lucius Fabius Cilo and Marcus Annius Flavius Libo become Roman Consuls.
- The Daysan River floods Edessa.
China
- Gongsun Kang, Chinese warlord of Liaodong, establishes the Daifang Commandery in northern Korea.
- Battle of Ye: Warlord Cao Cao lays siege to and captures the military headquarter of Yuan Shao in Ye.
By topic
Commerce
- A trade recession in the Leptis Magna region (Africa) is alleviated by Emperor Septimius Severus, who buys up the country's olive oil for free distribution in Rome.
205
By place
Roman Empire
- Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus and his brother Publius Septimius Geta Caesar become Roman Consuls.
- Hadrian's Wall is restored, after heavy raids by Caledonian tribes had overrun much of northern Britain.
- January 22 – Gaius Fulvius Plautianus, a praetorian prefect and father-in-law of Caracalla, is assassinated.
- Aemilius Papinianus becomes praetorian prefect, after the death of Gaius Fulvius Plautianus.
China
- Battle of Nanpi: Warlord Cao Cao defeats and kills Yuan Tan, the eldest son of his rival Yuan Shao.
206
207
By place
China
- Battle of White Wolf Mountain: Warlord Cao Cao defeats the Wuhuan tribes, sending the Wuhuan into decline.
208
By place
China
Zhao Yun fights at Changban (or Jing Province)
Map of the Battle of Changban
- Spring – Battle of Jiangxia: Sun Quan defeats Huang Zu.
- October
- Warlord Cao Cao marches south with his army, and captures the enemy fleet at Jiangling.
- Battle of Changban: Warlord Liu Bei escapes from Cao Cao.
- December 10 – Cao Cao writes Duǎn Ge Xíng.
- Winter – Zhou Yu and Liu Bei defeat Cao Cao at the Battle of Red Cliffs; along with the Battle of Yamen and Battle of Lake Poyang. This is one of the largest naval battles in China's history.
Roman Empire
- Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus and his brother Publius Septimius Geta Caesar become Roman Consuls.
- Emperor Septimius Severus leads an expedition (20,000 men) into Britannia, crosses Hadrian's Wall and moves through eastern Scotland. The Roman army pushes the Caledonians back to the River Tay and Severus signs a peace treaty. He repairs the Antonine Wall (his repairs are sometimes called the Severan Wall).
- Britain is divided: in the north, Lower Britain (Britannia Inferior) is administered from the fortress at Eburacum (modern York), and in the south, Upper Britain (Britannia Superior) is controlled by the legions at Deva Victrix (Chester) and Isca Augusta (Caerleon) with its capital at Londinium (London).
Parthia
- King Vologases VI succeeds his father Vologases V to the throne. His brother Artabanus V begins a rebellion against him in the Parthian Empire.
- Ardashir I, ruler of Istakhr (Persia), revolts against his brother and founds the Sassanid Dynasty.
209
By place
Roman Empire
- Publius Septimius Geta receives the titles of Imperator and Augustus from his father, Emperor Septimius Severus.
- Septimius Severus makes plans to subdue the land to the north of Scotland, ravaging it severely. Road-building and forest-clearing, the Roman army reaches Aber; Scottish tribes begin guerrilla warfare.
India
- Beginning of the reign of Chandra Shri Satakarni, ruler of the Satavahana Dynasty in Andhra Pradesh (approximate date).
Significant people
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References
- Westera, Rick. "Historical Atlas of Europe (December 202): Severus' African War". Omniatlas. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
- Birley, Anthony R. (1999). Septimius Severus: The African Emperor, p. 153. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-16591-4.
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