1160s

The 1160s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1160, and ended on December 31, 1169.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
Categories:
  • Births
  • Deaths
  • By country
  • By topic
  • Establishments
  • Disestablishments

Events

1160

By place
Byzantine Empire
Europe
Levant
  • Autumn – Raynald of Châtillon, prince of Antioch, makes a plundering raid in the valley of the Euphrates at Marash to seize cattle, horses and camels from the local peasants. On his way back to Antioch, he and his retinue are attacked by Zangid warriors. Raynald is unhorsed and captured, and sent to Aleppo where he is put in jail.[6]
Africa
Asia

By topic
Education

1161

By place
Europe
Asia
England

By topic
Religion

1162

By place
Europe
England
Africa
China

By topic
Religion
  • The Beisi Pagoda (or North Temple Pagoda) is completed during the Song Dynasty.

1163

1164

By place
Europe
England
Levant
Africa
  • A commercial treaty grants access to Almohad-dominated ports to merchants from several European powers, including Marseille and Savona.[31]
Asia

By topic
Markets
  • Venice secures its loans against fiscal revenues, to obtain lower interest rates. In the first operation of this kind, the Republic obtains 1150 silver marci, for 12 years of the taxes levied on the Rialto market.[32]
Religion

1165

By place
Byzantine Empire
Europe
England
Asia

By topic
Religion

1166

By place
Byzantine Empire
  • Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos) asks Venice to help pay the costs of defending Sicily, whose Norman rulers have had good relations with Venice. Doge Vitale II Michiel refuses to pay the requested subsidy. Manuel begins to cultivate relationships with the main commercial rivals of Venice: Genoa and Pisa. He grants them their own trade quarters in Constantinople, very near to the Venetian settlements.
Europe
England
Ireland

1167

By place
Europe
Egypt
  • March 18 – Battle of Al-Babein: A second Zangid army (some 12,000 men) under General Shirkuh and his nephew Saladin marches towards Egypt, but is met by the combined Crusader-Fatimid forces led by King Amalric of Jerusalem. After skirmishing down the Nile, the Crusaders are defeated near Giza and forced to retreat to Cairo.[38]
  • May–June – Saladin leads the defence of Alexandria against the Crusader-Fatimid forces. He takes command over the garrison (plus some 1,000 cavalry), and the army's sick and wounded.[39]
  • August 4 – Amalric I accepts a peace treaty and enters at the head of the Crusader army Alexandria. Saladin and his troops are escorted out with full military honours, and retreats to Syria.[40]
Ireland
England
Asia

By topic
Religion
  • Absalon, Danish archbishop and statesman, leads the first synod at Lund. He is granted land around the city of "Havn" (modern-day Copenhagen) and fortifies the coastal defence against the Wends.

1168

By place
Levant
Egypt
  • December 22 – Afraid that the Egyptian capital Fustat (modern-day Old Cairo) will be captured by Crusader forces, its Fatimid vizier, Shawar, orders the city set afire. The capital burns for 54 days.
Europe
Asia

By topic
Religion

1169

By place
Byzantine Empire
  • Late Summer – Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos) sends an embassy to Egypt to demand tribute, and threatens the country with war when they refuse to pay it. The Byzantine fleet under Admiral Andronikos Kontostephanos sets out from the Hellespont; 60 war galleys are sent to Palestine. with money for "the knights of Jerusalem". Andronikos with the rest of the fleet sails to Cyprus, at which he defeats a patrolling squadron of 6 Fatimid ships.[47]
Europe
England
Ireland
Egypt
  • Spring – A Zangid expedition under General Shirkuh accompanied by his nephew Saladin invades Egypt. King Amalric I of Jerusalem orders his fleet to return to Acre and retreats with the Crusaders back to Palestine.
  • January 8 – Shirkuh enters Cairo, leaving the Zangid army encamped outside the city. He goes to the palace, where the 18-year-old Fatimid caliph Al-Adid welcomes him with ceremonial gifts and promised money.[51]
  • January 18 – Shawar, Fatimid vizier and de facto ruler, is invited to join Shirkuh on a pilgrimage to the tomb of Al-Shafi'i. Underway he and his escort are taken prisoner; on orders from Al-Adid, Shawar is decapitated.[52]
  • March 23 – Shirkuh dies from over-eating after a 2-month reign.[53] He is succeeded by Saladin, who is appointed chief vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate. He takes over as commander of Nur al-Din's forces in Egypt.[54]
  • Summer – Saladin invites his brother Turan-Shah to join him in Cairo. He brings with him his family and retinue but also a substantial army provided by Nur al-Din. Turan-Shah is welcomed by Al-Adid as a friend.[55]
  • August 21–23 – At the Battle of the Blacks, Saladin crushes a rebellion by Sudanese forces (50,000 men) of the Fatimid army, along with a number of Egyptian emirs and commoners. He never again has to face a military uprising from Cairo.[56]
  • Winter – Saladin supported by reinforcements from Nur al-din, defeats a Crusader-Byzantine force under Amalric I near Damietta. During the 3-month siege, the Crusaders are forced to retreat to Palestine.[57]

By topic
Art and Science
  • Eleanor of Aquitaine leaves the English court of Henry II, to establish her own court in Poitiers. It will become known as a center of courtly love. Richard I accompanies his mother and is made heir to Aquitaine.

Significant people

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References
  1. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 292–293. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  2. Bradbury, Jim (1992). The Medieval Siege, p. 92. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. ISBN 978-0-851-15357-5.
  3. Andrew Roberts (2008). Great Commanders of the Medieval World (454–1582), p. 134. ISBN 978-0-85738-589-5.
  4. Hunyadi, Zsolt; Laszlovszky, József. The Crusades and the Military Orders. Central European University. Dept. of Medieval Studies. p. 246. ISBN 978-963-9241-42-8.
  5. Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman, VIIIe-XIIIe siècle: L'Occident dál-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
  6. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 291. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  7. Picard, Christophe (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
  8. Samson, George (1958). A History of Japan to 1334, pp. 256–258. Standford University Press. ISBN 08-0470-523-2.
  9. Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman, VIIIe-XIIIe Siècle: L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
  10. Andrew Roberts (2011). Great Commanders of the Medieval World (454–1582), p. 135. ISBN 978-0-85738-589-5.
  11. Comyn, Robert (1851). History of the Western Empire, from its Restoration by Charlemagne to the Accession of Charles V, p. 246.
  12. Picard C. (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, p. 77.
  13. Duffy, Séan (2007). "Henry II and England's Insular Neighbours". In Harper-Bill, Christopher; Vincent, Nicholas (eds.). Henry II: New Interpretations. Woodbridge, UK and Rochester, NY: Boydell Press. p. 134. ISBN 9781843833406.
  14. Malone, Patricia (2008). ""Se Principem Nominat:" Rhetorical Self-Fashioning and Epistolary Style in the Letters of Owain Gwynedd". Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium. 28: 169–184. ISSN 1545-0155. JSTOR 41219622. We know from Thomas Becket's letter to Pope Alexander that Owain had begun to refer to himself as princeps by at least 1163
  15. Scholz, Albert August (2013) [1964]. Silesia: Yesterday and Today. The Hague, Netherlands: Springer. pp. 3–4. ISBN 9789401760027.
  16. Hartshorne, Richard (1933-12-01). "Geographic and Political Boundaries in Upper Silesia". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 23 (4): 195–228. doi:10.1080/00045603309357073. ISSN 0004-5608. The separation of Silesia from Poland dates, for practical purposes perhaps from 1163
  17. HARRINGTON, JOSEPH F. (1974). "Upper Silesia and the Paris Peace Conference". The Polish Review. 19 (2): 25–45. ISSN 0032-2970. JSTOR 25777197. Upper Silesia had not been Polish since 1163
  18. Brégaint, David (2015). Vox regis: Royal Communication in High Medieval Norway. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 91. ISBN 9789004306431.
  19. Emmerson, Richard K. (2016) [2006]. Routledge Revivals: Key Figures in Medieval Europe (2006): An Encyclopedia. London and New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 295. ISBN 9781351681681.
  20. Vandvik, Eirik (2010-06-29). "Donatio Constantini and early Norwegian church policy". Symbolae Osloenses: Norwegian Journal of Greek and Latin Studies. 31 (1): 131–137. doi:10.1080/00397675508590469.
  21. Robinson, I. S. (1996) [1990]. The Papacy, 1073-1198: Continuity and Innovation. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge, New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. p. 140. ISBN 9780521319225.
  22. Warner, Rev H. J. (2007) [1922]. The Albigensian Heresy. San Diego, CA: Book Tree. p. 41. ISBN 9781585092932.
  23. Ozola, Silvjia (2018). "Impact of Catholic Monastery Church Building on Cistercian Monastery Formation in Livonia and the State of the Teutonic Order during 13th and 14th Century" (PDF). Scientific Journal of the Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies "Landscape Architecture and Art". 12 (12): 71.
  24. Peters, Greg (2014). Reforming the Monastery: Protestant Theologies of the Religious Life. New Monastic Library. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 10. ISBN 9781630870454.
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  26. Wright, Craig (2008) [1989]. Music and Ceremony at Notre Dame of Paris, 500-1550. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 287. ISBN 9780521088343.
  27. Pope, Thomas Canon (1871). The Council of the Vatican, and the events of the time. Dublin: James Duffy. pp. 63. 1163 Notre Dame Pope.
  28. Clark, William W.; Mark, Robert (1984-03-01). "The First Flying Buttresses: A New Reconstruction of the Nave of Notre-Dame de Paris". The Art Bulletin. 66 (1): 47–65. doi:10.1080/00043079.1984.10788136. ISSN 0004-3079. The traditional starting date is associated with the visit of Pope Alexander III to Paris between March 24 and April 25, 1163, during which time he dedicated the "new" chevet at St.-Germain-des-Pres and is said to have laid the cornerstone of Notre-Dame
  29. Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 125–126. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  30. David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Command 12 – Saladin, p. 4. ISBN 978-1-84908-317-1
  31. Picard, Christophe (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
  32. Munro, John H. (2003). "The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution". The International History Review. 15 (3): 506–562.
  33. Vallvé Bermejo, Joaquín (1972). "La división territorial en la España musulmana (II): la cora de "Tudmīr" (Murcia)". Al-Andalus, p. 171.
  34. Shatzmiller, Joseph (1998). "Jews, Pilgrimage, and the Christian Cult of Saints: Benjamin of Tudela and his Contemporaries", p. 338. ISBN 978-0-8020-0779-7.
  35. Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 67–69. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  36. Vigueur, Jean-Claude Maire (2010). L'autre Rome: Une histoire des Romains à l'époque communale (XIIe-XIVe siècle). Paris: Tallandier. p. 315. ISBN 978-2-84734-719-7.
  37. Andrew Roberts (2011). Great Commanders of the Medieval World (454–1582), pp. 135–136. ISBN 978-0-85738-589-5.
  38. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 304–305. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  39. David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Command 12 - Saladin, p. 11. ISBN 978-1-84908-317-1.
  40. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 305. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  41. Sager, Peter (2005). Oxford and Cambridge: An Uncommon History. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 36. ISBN 0500512493.
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  43. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 311. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
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  48. Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman, VIIIe-XIIIe siècle: L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
  49. Warren, W. L. (1961). King John. University of California Press. p. 37.
  50. Moody, T. W.; Martin, F. X., eds. (1967). The Course of Irish History. Cork: Mercier Press. p. 370.
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  52. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 311–312. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  53. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 312. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  54. David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Commander 12 - Saladin, p. 13. ISBN 978-1-84908-317-1.
  55. David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Commander 12 - Saladin, pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-1-84908-317-1.
  56. Lyons, Malcolm Cameron; Jackson, D. E. P. (1982). Saladin: The Politics of the Holy War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 34–36. ISBN 0-521-31739-8..
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