Vitellin

Vitellin is a protein found in the egg yolk. It is a phosphoprotein.[1] Vitellin is a generic name for major of many yolk proteins.[2]

Vitellin has been known since the 1930s.[3]

Vitellin serves several functions, especially during fertilization and embryonic development.

This phosphoprotein acts as a membrane, 1-3.5μm, that encloses the egg that comprises at least five glycoproteins that resemble the zona pellucida evident in mammalian organisms. When the egg is fertilized, it buds off from the gamete surface, which results in the fertilization of the membrane in most invertebrates, amphibians, birds, and fishes. During fertilization, the acrosome of the sperm interacts with the vitelline envelope that has species-specific recognition and binding for the sperm. The vitelline membrane consists of two major layers found below the ovary and the outer layer found in the oviduct. This membrane supports the yolk and separates from the albumen, or egg white. The proteins that primarily compose the vitelline membrane are the lysozyme and ovomucin foundational for membrane growth during embryonic development. Aside from structural functions, it is also a barrier that permits the diffusion of water and nutrients, and in chickens especially, it is a barrier against microbial infection. Vitellin comprises a vast fraction of the proteins found in eggs, and due to this, they are easily characterized with biochemical methods in order to elucidate molecular, developments, and physiological regulation studies.[4]

See also

References
  1. Vitellins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
  2. KUNKEL, JOSEPH G.; JOHN H. NORDIN (1985). "Yolk Proteins. 2.2 Vitellin, the major yolk protein" (PDF). Retrieved 5 November 2016.
  3. CALVERY, HERBERT O.; ABRAHAM WHITE (31 October 1931). "VITELLIN OF HEN'S EGG" (PDF). Journal of Biological Chemistry. 94: 635. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
  4. Faiz, Zakaria Muhammad; Mardhiyyah, Mohd Pauzi; Mohamad, Aslah; Hidir, Ariffin; Nurul-Hidayah, Amirdin; Wong, Lilian; Jasmani, Safiah; Ikhwanuddin, Mhd (1 October 2019). "Identification and relative abundances of mRNA for a gene encoding the vWD domain and three Kazal-type domains in the ovary of giant freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii". Animal Reproduction Science. 209: 106143. doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106143. ISSN 0378-4320.

Faiz, Zakaria Muhammad, et al. "Identification and relative abundances of mRNA for a gene encoding the vWD domain and three Kazal-type domains in the ovary of giant freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii." Animal reproduction science 209 (2019): 106143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106143

Hagedorn, H. H., and J. G. Kunkel. "Vitellogenin and vitellin in insects." Annual review of entomology 24.1 (1979): 475-505. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.24.010179.002355

Zhu, Jiang, Leslie S. Indrasith, and Okitsugu Yamashita. "Characterization of vitellin, egg-specific protein and 30 kDa protein from Bombyx eggs, and their fates during oogenesis and embryogenesis." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects 882.3 (1986): 427-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(86)90267-9

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