Vietnamese architecture

Ancient architecture of the Vietnamese before the influence of China: Life develops, people know how to build cottages to live in and high floors to avoid wild animals. Construction materials are wood and bamboo. They described their life on through bronze drum. According to the picture, there are 2 types of houses with roofs curved up like a boat and roofs curved down like turtle shells. In the 2nd century BC, An Dương Vương built the Cổ Loa citadel with a spiral shape and was the first citadel architecture of the Vietnamese.

Traditional house in the North of Vietnam

Traditional house in the South of Vietnam

Vietnamese architecture has imported influences from China, during this period Vietnamese architecture was influenced by Buddhist architecture.[1]

• Before the Ngô Dynasty: When China invaded, the Chinese mandarins tried to erase the culture here, collect bronze drums to get bronze, and assimilate the Lạc Việt people. Culture gradually lost and gradually influenced. Huaxia culture was gradually absorbed. Military officers built ramparts and mansions; Chinese people immigrated to build houses with Chinese architecture.
• Lý Dynasty: After Ngô Quyền won independence, opened a new era for the nation. Architecture has influenced Huaxia. The palace was built of wood, roofed with white and blue glazed tiles. After that, in the Lý Dynasty, the strong military defeated the bandits, and the culture and economy developed, creating a powerful Đại Việt country. Imperial city moved to Thăng Long. Architecture is highly qualified: ramparts built with earth and bricks; The palace's loft is made of tall, colored wood, and has curved tiled roofs with decorative statues of leaves, dragons, and phoenixes.
• Trần Dynasty: The Imperial city is still in Thăng Long. Architecture inherited the Lý Dynasty and developed. Used as a template, it is still the architecture of three blocks of houses, including the tiền đường, thiên hương, Upper Palace, and garden and ornamental plants. The outstanding works that have survived until now are Bình Sơn tower and Phổ Minh tower.
• Hồ Dynasty: Architecture inherited from Lý - Trần dynasties. The Hồ Dynasty was short, but caused the most outstanding architecture of the Tây Đô citadel built of stone, the arched gate, here you can find antiquities like Thăng Long Imperial city.
• Lê Dynasty: The capital was Thăng Long again. Wooden palace architecture, roofed with yellow and green glazed tiles. Folk art developed through carvings on communal houses and pagodas. Remaining outstanding works are Bảng communal house, Tây Phương pagoda, Hội An ancient town. At this time, began to come into contact with Western culture.
• Nguyễn Dynasty: Phú Xuân Imperial city (Imperial City of Huế) of bricks built with some influence of Western architecture and was a citadel with a moat around it. The palace's attic is brightly colored wooden, roofed with yellow and green glazed tiles. In the North, people build wooden or thatched houses. People in the Central and South region built rường houses.

The stupa in Giác Viên pagoda is an expression of the absorption and integration in Vietnamese architecture

Modern architecture of the Vietnamese people has been influenced by the West clearly, and at the same time, there has been the absorption and fusion of East-West architecture with its own identity to shape the architecture as it is today.

• During the French colonial period: The French colonialists brought Western culture into Vietnam. Cement began to be widely used. The way to build concrete architecture is transmitted to Vietnam. The outstanding works of Western architecture in Vietnam are the Hanoi Opera House, Notre Dame Cathedral... There are also some outstanding works of Vietnamese - French architecture such as Khải Định Tomb, Palace of An Định...
• Since independence until now: Vietnam began to develop integration, absorb cultures from many countries around the world and create many other unique new architectural styles.

• Vietnamese garden
• Tam quan
• Hòn non bộ