Military Intelligence Corps (United States Army)

The Military Intelligence Corps is the intelligence branch of the United States Army. The primary mission of military intelligence in the United States Army is to provide timely, relevant, accurate, and synchronized intelligence and electronic warfare support to tactical, operational and strategic-level commanders. The Army's intelligence components produce intelligence both for Army use and for sharing across the national intelligence community.[1]

Military Intelligence Corps
Seal of the U.S. Army Military Intelligence Corps
Country United States
Branch United States Army
TypeMilitary intelligence
Garrison/HQINSCOM – Fort Belvoir, VA
Motto(s)Always Out Front
March"Freedom on Parade"
EngagementsAmerican Civil War
World War I
World War II
Korean War
Vietnam War
Operation Just Cause
Operation Desert Storm
Operation Enduring Freedom
Operation Iraqi Freedom
Commanders
U.S. Army Deputy Chief of Staff (G2—Intelligence)LTG Laura A. Potter
Commander (INSCOM)MG Michele H. Bredenkamp
Insignia
Branch insignia
Regimental insignia
Branch plaque
Regimental coat of arms
Former branch insignia (1923–1962)
Former Army Security Branch Insignia (Army Reserve) (1954–1967)

History

Intelligence personnel were a part of the Continental Army since its initial founding in 1775.

In 1776, General George Washington commissioned the first intelligence unit. Knowlton's Rangers, named after its leader Colonel Thomas Knowlton, became the first organized elite force, a predecessor to modern special operations forces units such as the Army Rangers, Delta Force, and others. The "1776" on the United States Army Intelligence Service seal refers to the formation of Knowlton's Rangers.

In January 1863, Major General Joseph Hooker established the Bureau of Military Information for the Union Army during the Civil War, headed by George H. Sharpe. Allan Pinkerton and Lafayette C. Baker handled similar operations for their respective regional commanders. All of those operations were shut down at the end of the Civil War in 1865.[2]

In 1885, the Army established the Military Intelligence Division. In 1903, it was placed under the new general staff in an elevated position.[3]

In March 1942, the Military Intelligence Division was reorganized as the Military Intelligence Service. Originally consisting of just 26 people, 16 of them officers, it was quickly expanded to include 342 officers and 1,000 enlisted personnel and civilians. It was tasked with collecting, analyzing, and disseminating intelligence. Initially it included:

  • an Administrative Group
  • an Intelligence Group
  • a Counter-intelligence Group
  • an Operations Group
  • a Language School

In May 1942, Alfred McCormack established the Special Branch of the Military Intelligence Service, which specialized in communications intelligence.

On 1 January 1942, the U.S. Army Corps of Intelligence Police, founded in World War I, was re-designated as the U.S. Army Counter Intelligence Corps. In 1945, the Special Branch became the Army Security Agency.

At its peak in early 1946, the MIS Language School had 160 instructors and 3,000 students studying in more than 125 classrooms, graduating more than 6,000 students by the end of the war. What began as an experimental military intelligence language-training program launched on a budget of $2,000 eventually became the forerunner of today's Defense Language Institute for the tens of thousands of linguists who serve American interests throughout the world.[4]

The school moved to the Presidio of Monterey in 1946. Renamed the Army Language School, it expanded rapidly in 1947–48 during the Cold War. Instructors, including native speakers of more than thirty languages and dialects, were recruited from all over the world. Russian became the largest language program, followed by Chinese, Korean, and German.[5]

The sphinx stands guard in front of the former headquarters of the Counter Intelligence Corps at Fort Holabird

On 1 September 1954, the Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence (ACSI) officially redesignated the CIC Center, Fort Holabird, Maryland, as the United States Army Intelligence Center, and the Chief of the Counter Intelligence Corps became its Commanding General. The following year, the Intelligence Center expanded further with the addition of the Photo Interpretation Center. Additionally, combat intelligence training (including order of battle techniques, photo interpretation, prisoner of war interrogation, and censorship) was transferred from the Army General School at Fort Riley, Kansas to Fort Holabird, giving the Commanding General the additional title of Commandant, U.S. Army Intelligence School. This arrangement centralized nearly all intelligence training at the U.S. Army Intelligence Center and School, Fort Holabird.

The Intelligence Center and School remained at Fort Holabird until overcrowding during the Vietnam War forced its relocation to Fort Huachuca, Arizona. Fort Huachuca became the "Home of Military Intelligence" on 23 March 1971, and the last class graduated from Fort Holabird on 2 September 1971, almost 17 years to the day after the Army Intelligence Center was established there. USAINTCS Established at Fort. Holabird, MD

On 1 July 1962, the Army Intelligence and Security Branch was established as a basic Army branch to meet the increased need for national and tactical intelligence.[6] The redesignated branch came with the creation of a new dagger and sun branch insignia, replacing the sphinx insignia that had been in place since 1923.[7]

A number of intelligence and security organizations were combined in July 1967 to form the military intelligence branch.[8][9][10] In 1977, they recombined with the Army Intelligence Agency and Army Security Agency to become the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command.

On 1 July 1987, the Military Intelligence Corps was activated as a regiment under the U.S. Army Regimental System.[11] All United States Army Military Intelligence personnel are members of the Military Intelligence Corps.

Structure

Approximately 28,000 military personnel and 3,800 civilian personnel are assigned to intelligence duties, comprising the Military Intelligence Corps. Some of the key components include:

Name Insignia Function Garrison
Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Intelligence (G-2) As the Army's Chief Intelligence Officer, the responsibilities of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence include policy formulation, planning, programming, budgeting, management, staff supervision, evaluation, and oversight for intelligence activities, as well as overall coordination of the major intelligence disciplines. Fort Belvoir
U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM) INSCOM is the U.S. Army's major intelligence command. Fort Belvoir
U.S. Army Military Intelligence Readiness Command (MIRC) MIRC is the U.S. Army Reserve's intelligence command. Fort Belvoir
U.S. Army Intelligence Center of Excellence (USAICoE) USAICoE is the U.S. Army's school for professional training of military intelligence personnel. Fort Huachuca

Major military intelligence units
Name Insignia Supports Garrison
1st Information Operations Command (Land)
  • Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment
  • 1st Battalion
  • 2nd Battalion
  • Army Reserve Element (ARE)
 United States Army Cyber Command (ARCYBER) Fort Belvoir
58th Expeditionary Military Intelligence Brigade (Army National Guard) Maryland Army National Guard Maryland
66th Military Intelligence Brigade United States Army Europe Lucius D. Clay Kaserne (Wiesbaden, Germany)
71st Expeditionary Military Intelligence Brigade (Army National Guard) Texas Army National Guard Texas
111th Military Intelligence Brigade USAICoE Fort Huachuca
116th Military Intelligence Brigade (Aerial Intelligence) INSCOM Fort Gordon
201st Expeditionary Military Intelligence Brigade I Corps Joint Base Lewis-McChord
207th Military Intelligence Brigade (Theater)
  • Headquarters & Headquarters Company
  • 307th Military Intelligence Battalion (collections)
  • 522nd Military Intelligence Battalion (operations)
  • 337th Military Intelligence Battalion (Army Reserve)
 United States Army Africa Vicenza, Italy
259th Expeditionary Military Intelligence Brigade (Army Reserve) MIRC Joint Base Lewis–McChord
300th Military Intelligence Brigade (Linguist) (Army National Guard) INSCOM Draper, Utah
336th Expeditionary Military Intelligence Brigade (Army Reserve)
  • Headquarters & Headquarters Company
  • 325th Expeditionary Military Intelligence Battalion (Massachusetts)
  • 378th Expeditionary Military Intelligence Battalion (New Jersey)
 MIRC New Jersey
470th Military Intelligence Brigade
  • Headquarters & Headquarters Company
  • 312th Military Intelligence Battalion
  • 717th Military Intelligence Battalion
  • 338th Military Intelligence Battalion (Army Reserve)
  • 377th Military Intelligence Battalion (Army Reserve)
 United States Army South Fort Sam Houston
500th Military Intelligence Brigade United States Army Pacific Schofield Barracks
501st Military Intelligence Brigade Eighth United States Army Camp Humphreys, (South Korea)
504th Military Intelligence Brigade III Corps Fort Hood
505th Military Intelligence Brigade (Army Reserve)[12] United States Army North San Antonio, Texas
513th Military Intelligence Brigade United States Army Central Fort Gordon
525th Expeditionary Military Intelligence Brigade XVIII Airborne Corps Fort Bragg
650th Military Intelligence Group[13][14] Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe Mons, Belgium
704th Military Intelligence Brigade
  • Headquarters & Headquarters Company
  • 741st Military Intelligence Battalion
  • 742nd Military Intelligence Battalion
  • 743rd Military Intelligence Battalion
 National Security Agency Fort George G. Meade
706th Military Intelligence Group
  • Headquarters & Headquarters Company
  • 707th Military Intelligence Battalion
 Central Security Service Fort Gordon
780th Military Intelligence Brigade
  • Headquarters & Headquarters Company
  • 781st Military Intelligence Battalion
  • 782nd Military Intelligence Battalion
  • 915th Cyber Warfare Battalion
 ARCYBER Fort George G. Meade
902nd Military Intelligence Group INSCOM Fort George G. Meade
Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center
  • Defense Language Institute–Army element
  • 229th Military Intelligence Battalion
 United States Army Training and Doctrine Command Presidio of Monterey, California
National Ground Intelligence Center INSCOM Charlottesville, Virginia

Creed and march of the Military Intelligence Corps

Creed of the Military Intelligence Corps

I am a Soldier first, but an intelligence professional second to none.
With pride in my heritage, but focused on the future,
Performing the first task of an Army:
To find, know, and never lose the enemy.
With a sense of urgency and of tenacity, professional and physical fitness,
and above all, INTEGRITY, for in truth lies victory.
Always at silent war, while ready for a shooting war,
The silent warrior of the ARMY team.[15]

Military Intelligence Corps March

Onward to victory!
Our silent warriors to the fight.
Onward to victory!
Trained and ready day or night.
Peace through intelligence!
Here's to your health and to our corps.
Strength through intelligence!
Toujours Avant forever more.

Museum

The United States Army Intelligence Museum is located at Fort Huachuca, Arizona. It features the history of American military intelligence from the Revolutionary War to present. In the Army Military Intelligence Museum there is a painting of "The MI Blue Rose". The back of this painting indicates Sgt. Ralph R Abel, Jr. created it. The painting was photographed and distributed worldwide. Sgt. Abel also painted a replica of the corps flag.

Military Intelligence Hall of Fame
Main article: Military Intelligence Hall of Fame

List of Deputy Chiefs of Staff for Intelligence, G-2

The office was previously known as the Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence.

No. Deputy Chief of Staff Term
Portrait Name Took office Left office Term length
41
Lieutenant General
Keith B. Alexander
(born 1951)		July 2003July 2005~2 years, 0 days
42
Lieutenant General
John Kimmons		August 2005February 2009~3 years, 184 days
43
Lieutenant General
Richard P. Zahner		February 200912 April 2012~3 years, 71 days
44
Lieutenant General
Mary A. Legere		12 April 20122016~3 years, 264 days
45
Lieutenant General
Robert P. Ashley Jr.		2016~3 October 2017~1 year, 275 days
46
Lieutenant General
Scott D. Berrier		~3 October 2017~14 September 2020~2 years, 347 days
47
Lieutenant General
Laura A. Potter		~14 September 2020Incumbent~1 year, 225 days

See also

References
  1. United States Intelligence Community Official Website Archived 21 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  2. "Intelligence in the Civil War" (PDF). Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 December 2013. Retrieved 2014-07-24.
  3. Theoharis, Athan G., ed. (1999). The FBI: A Comprehensive Reference Guide. Phoenix, OR: The Oryx Press. p. 160. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  4. Hammons, Steve (22 April 2015). "The Japanese-American U.S. Army Intelligence Unit that helped win WWII". Defense Language and National Security Education Office. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  5. "History of the Presidio of Monterey - Army Language School". Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center.
  6. "Army Birthdays". U.S. Army Center of Military History. Department of the Army. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  7. "Military Intelligence, USAR (Obsolete)". The Institute of Heraldry. Office of the Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army.
  8. "Publications 101" (PDF). usapa.army.mil. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2004.
  9. "index2". Hrc.army.mil. 28 October 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  10. John Patrick Finnegan, Center of Military History, United States Army, Washington, D. C. (1998). "Military Intelligence". Archived from the original on 22 January 2008. Retrieved 18 February 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. Welcome To the Intelligence Center Online Network Archived 17 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  12. MIRC Family Programs Newsletter; Volume 1, Issue 4 Archived 18 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine dated October 2014, last accessed 18 April 2015
  13. AR 381–10, U.S. Army Intelligence Activities, Department of the Army, dated 3 May 2007, last accessed 7 July 2012
  14. FM 34-37; Strategic, Departmental, and Operational IEW Operations; Chapter 9, 650TH Military Intelligence Group, last accessed 7 July 2012
  15. "G-2 Intelligence". U.S. Army Europe. Archived from the original on 5 March 2018. Retrieved 25 November 2016.

Further reading
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