Tugdamme

Tugdamme or Dugdammi (Akkadian: 𒌇𒁮𒈨𒄿 Tugdammi or 𒌇𒁮𒈬𒌑 Tugdammu;[1] Ancient Greek: Λύγδαμις Lúgdamis; Latin: Lygdamis; from Scythian *Duydamaya[2]) was a Cimmerian king of the mid-seventh century BC.

Name

Tugdammi and Lúgdamis are respectively the Akkadian and Ancient Greek forms of the name *Duydamaya, meaning "giving happiness", originating from a Cimmerian dialect of the Old Iranian Scythian language.[2]

Reign

After the Cimmerians had previously attacked the kingdom of Lydia twice during the 7th century BCE, firstly around 644 BCE, and again in 657 BCE, during which the Lydian kingdom under its king Gyges was able to fight back against these invasions, the Cimmerian king Lygdamis led a third attack on Lydia in 644 BCE. This time, the Cimmerians defeated the Lydians and captured their capital, Sardis, and Gyges died during this attack.[3]

After this third attack on Lydia, around 640 BCE the Cimmerians under Tugdammi moved to Cilicia on the nort-west border of the Assyrian empire, where he allied with the king Mugallu of Tabal against Assyria, during which period the Assyrian records called him the "King of the Saka and of Gutium", However, after facing a revolt against him, Tugdamme allied with Assyria and acknowledged Assyrian overlordship, and sent tribute to Ashurbanipal, to whom he swore an oath. Tugdamme soon broke his oath to Ashurbanipal and attacked the Assyrian Empire again, but he fell ill and died in 640 BCE, and was succeeded by his son Sandakšatru.[3]

Ancient sources

Herodotus 1. 15.
Plutarch, Caius Marius 11.
Callimachus, Hymn to Diana 252, &c.

References

"Tugdammi [CIMMERIAN RULER] (RN)". oracc.museum.upenn.edu.
Harmatta, Janos (1996). "10.4.1. The Scythians". In Hermann, Joachim; de Laet, Sigfried (eds.). History of Humanity. Vol. 3. UNESCO. p. 181. ISBN 978-92-3-102812-0.
Spalinger, Anthony J. (1978). "The Date of the Death of Gyges and Its Historical Implications". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 98 (4): 400–409. doi:10.2307/599752. Retrieved 25 October 2021.

Bibliography

"Lygdamis (1)", William Smith (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. 2. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1867.

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[1] "Tugdammi [CIMMERIAN RULER] (RN)". oracc.museum.upenn.edu.

[:0-2] Harmatta, Janos (1996). "10.4.1. The Scythians". In Hermann, Joachim; de Laet, Sigfried (eds.). History of Humanity. Vol. 3. UNESCO. p. 181. ISBN 978-92-3-102812-0.

[Spalinger-3] Spalinger, Anthony J. (1978). "The Date of the Death of Gyges and Its Historical Implications". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 98 (4): 400–409. doi:10.2307/599752. Retrieved 25 October 2021.