Timeline of Hangzhou
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
Prior to 10th century
- 328 CE - Lingyin monastery founded near Hangzhou.[1]
- 606 - City walls built.[2]
- 609 - Grand Canal built.
- 630 - Mosque built (approximate date).[2]
- 822 - Poet Bai Juyi becomes governor.[3]
10th century
- 904 - City becomes capital of the Wuyue Kingdom.
- 954 - Huiri Yongming Temple built at West Lake.
- 963 - Baochu Pagoda built at West Lake.
- 970 - Liuhe Pagoda built.
- 975 - Leifeng Pagoda built.
12th-17th centuries
- 1127 - Song Dynasty capital relocated to Hongzhou from Kaifeng after the Jingkang Incident of the Jin–Song wars.[3]
- 1221 - Yue Fei Temple built!
- 1275 - Population: 1.75 million.[3]
- 1277 - Hangzhou Salt Distribution Commission established.[4]
- 1276 - Mongols in power.[4]
- 1621 - Huanduzhai publishing house in business.[5]
- 1661 - Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception built.
19th century
- 1861 - Taiping rebels take city.[3][6]
- 1863 - Imperial forces take city.[3]
- 1867 - Hangchow Presbyterian Boys' School in operation.
- 1870 - Hu Ch'ing Yu T'ang medicine shop in business (approximate date).[2]
- 1871 - Kwang-Chi Hospital established.[7]
- 1885 - Kwang Chi Medical School established.
- 1896 - City opens to foreign trade per Treaty of Shimonoseki.[6]
- 1897 - Qiushi Academy founded.
- 1899 - Hangzhou High School established.
20th century
- 1904 - Xiling Society of the Seal Art founded.
- 1907 - Qing Tai Men Station opens.
- 1908
- Zhejiang Official Secondary Normal School in operation.
- Presbyterian Mission Girls School opens.[8]
- 1911
- October 27: Uprising.[9]
- Zhejiang Medical School founded.
- Population: 141,859.[10]
- 1922 - Sisters of Charity Hospital founded.
- 1928
- Kuomintang in power.
- Population: 817,267.[10]
- 1929
- Zhejiang Provincial Museum established.
- 1929 Westlake exposition held.
- 1937 - Japanese occupation begins.
- 1947 – Constitution of the Republic of China adopted
- 1949 - May: Communists take city.[10]
- 1955 - Hangzhou Ri Bao (Hangzhou Daily) newspaper begins publication.[11]
- 1956 - Hangzhou Xuejun High School and Hangzhou Botanical Garden[12] established.
- 1957
- Hangzhou Jianqiao Airport begins operating civilian flights.
- Population: 784,000.[13]
- 1958 - Hangzhou Zoo opens.
- 1962 - Wang Zida becomes mayor.[14]
- 1966 - Hangzhou Gymnasium (arena) opens.
- 1972 - February: Richard Nixon visits city.[15]
- 1977 - Zhang Zishi becomes mayor.[16]
- 1978 - Hangzhou Teachers College founded.
- 1979 - Chen Anyu becomes mayor.[16]
- 1981 - Zhou Feng becomes mayor.[16]
- 1984 - Zhong Boxi becomes mayor.[14]
- 1988 - Zhang Taiyan Museum opens.[15]
- 1989
- Protests.[17]
- Hangzhou Wahaha Nutritional Foods Factory in business.[18]
- Lu Wenge becomes mayor.[14]
- 1990 - Population: 2,589,504.[19]
- 1991
- Hangzhou Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone approved.
- 1947 Constitution amended, former Nationalist government in Taiwan downplays claim to Hangzhou
- 1992
- 1993 - Hangzhou Economic & Technological Development Zone approved.
- 1998
- Zhejiang University established.
- Hangzhou Xiaoshan Sports Centre (stadium) built.
- Hangzhou Greentown Football Club formed.
- 1999 - Hangzhou railway station rebuilt.
- 2000
- Hangzhou Xiaoshan Airport begins operating.
- Hangzhou Export Processing Zone approved.
- Dragon Well Manor in business.[20]
- Population: 3,240,947.[21]
21st century
 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ANCIENT | |||
| Neolithic c. 8500 – c. 2070 BC | |||
| Xia c. 2070 – c. 1600 BC | |||
| Shang c. 1600 – c. 1046 BC | |||
| Zhou c. 1046 – 256 BC | |||
| Western Zhou | |||
| Eastern Zhou | |||
| Spring and Autumn | |||
| Warring States | |||
| IMPERIAL | |||
| Qin 221–207 BC | |||
| Han 202 BC – 220 AD | |||
| Western Han | |||
| Xin | |||
| Eastern Han | |||
| Three Kingdoms 220–280 | |||
| Wei, Shu and Wu | |||
| Jin 266–420 | |||
| Western Jin | |||
| Eastern Jin | Sixteen Kingdoms | ||
| Northern and Southern dynasties 420–589 | |||
| Sui 581–618 | |||
| Tang 618–907 | |||
| Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 907–979 |
Liao 916–1125 Western Xia 1038–1227 Jin 1115–1234 | ||
| Song 960–1279 | |||
| Northern Song | |||
| Southern Song | |||
| Yuan 1271–1368 | |||
| Ming 1368–1644 | |||
| Qing 1636–1912 | |||
| MODERN | |||
| Republic of China on the mainland 1912–1949 | |||
| People's Republic of China 1949–present | |||
| Republic of China in Taiwan 1949–present | |||
- 2002
- Xihuwenhua Square built.
- Wang Guoping becomes CPC Party chief.
- Leifeng Pagoda reconstructed.
- 2003 - Yellow Dragon Sports Center and Hangzhou No.2 Telecom Hub constructed.
- 2005 - Sun Zhonghuan becomes mayor.
- 2007
- Hangzhou Sanchao Football Club formed.
- Cai Qi becomes mayor.
- 2008
- Hangzhou Public Bicycle program launched.
- City logo design adopted.[22]
- 2010
- Shanghai–Hangzhou Passenger Railway begins operating.
- Huang Kunming becomes CPC Party chief.[23]
- 2011 - Shao Zhanwei becomes mayor.[24]
- 2012 - November: Hangzhou Metro begins operating.
- 2013 - Air pollution in Hangzhou reaches annual mean of 61 PM2.5 and 106 PM10, much higher than recommended.[25]
See also
- Hangzhou history
- List of universities and colleges in Hangzhou
- Major National Historical and Cultural Sites (Zhejiang)
- List of first batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou
- List of second batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou
- List of third batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou
- List of fourth batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou
- List of fifth batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou
- Urbanization in China
References
- Michael J. Walsh (2009), Sacred economies: Buddhist business and religiosity in Medieval China, New York: Columbia University Press
- Fitch 1922.
- Cable 1996.
- Weitz 1997.
- Widmer 1996.
- Britannica 1910.
- Cloud 1906.
- Mary S. Mathews (1913). "Union Girls School at Hangchow". Missionary Survey. Presbyterian Church in the United States.
- Wen-hsin Yeh 1994.
- Gao 2004.
- "Hangzhou (China) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved March 15, 2013.
- "Garden Search: China". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
Hangchow
- Malcolm Lamb (2003). Directory of Officials and Organizations in China. New York: M. E. Sharpe.
- Barmé 2011.
- Forster & Yao Xianguo 1999.
- Forster 1990.
- "From Popsicle Maker to Beverage Billionaire, China's Richest Man". New York Times. October 1, 2012.
- "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division. 1997. pp. 262–321.
- Fuchsia Dunlop (24 November 2008). "China Journal: Garden of Contentment". The New Yorker.
- "China". www.citypopulation.de. Oldenburg, Germany: Thomas Brinkhoff. Retrieved March 15, 2013.
- "Hangzhou Unveils Municipal Logo". China Radio International. People's Republic of China. March 29, 2008.
- "Party Leaders". CPC Hangzhou Committee and Hangzhou Municipal Government. Archived from the original on April 10, 2013. Retrieved March 15, 2013.
- "Hangzhou mayor Shao Zhanwei dies during NPC session". South China Morning Post. SCMP Group. March 6, 2013.
- World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on March 28, 2014
This article incorporates information from the Ukrainian Wikipedia.
Bibliography
- Published in the 19th century
- Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Hangtcheofou", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (9th ed.). 1880. p. 439.
- Published in the 20th century
- "Hang-Chow-Foo", Lippincott's Gazetteer of the World, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1902
- Marco Polo; Henry Yule (1903), "Description of the Great City of Kinsay", The Book of Ser Marco Polo (3rd ed.), London: John Murray
- Frederick D. Cloud (1906), Hangchow: the 'City of Heaven', Shanghai: Presbyterian Mission Press, OL 7189168M
- T. Hodgson Liddell (1909), "Hangchow", China, London: G. Allen
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 917.
- Robert Ferris Fitch (1922), Hangchow Itineraries, Shanghai: Kelly & Walsh, OCLC 899305, OL 17986115M
- Keith Forster (1990). "1989 Democracy Movement in the Provinces: Impressions of the Popular Protest in Hangzhou, April/June 1989". Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs.
The student-worker protests that culminated in the Beijing massacre were not confined to the capital city. Protests had erupted, in ways that varied noticeably, across the breadth of China.
- Wen-hsin Yeh (1994). "Middle County Radicalism: The May Fourth Movement in Hangzhou". The China Quarterly.
- Monica Cable (1996), "Hangzhou", in Schellinger and Salkin (ed.), International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania, Routledge, ISBN 9781884964046
- Ellen Widmer (1996). "The Huanduzhai of Hangzhou and Suzhou: A Study in Seventeenth-Century Publishing". Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. 56.
- Ankeney Weitz (1997). "Notes on the Early Yuan Antique Art Market in Hangzhou". Ars Orientalis. 27.
- Keith Forster; Yao Xianguo (1999). "A comparative analysis of economic reform and development in Hangzhou and Wenzhou cities". In Jae Ho Chung (ed.). Cities in Post-Mao China: Recipes for Economic Development in the Reform Era. Routledge.
- Published in the 21st century
- James Zheng Gao (2004), The Communist Takeover of Hangzhou: the Transformation of City and Cadre, 1949-1954, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 9780824827014
- Geremie R. Barmé (2011). "A Chronology of West Lake and Hangzhou". China Heritage Quarterly. Australian National University.
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