EIA 1956 resolution chart

The chart is composed of several features, each designed for a specific test:[16]

• Large white circle: Allows for image geometry adjustments (image should be centered with the circles being perfectly round).
• Vertical stripe boxes: A grating with a resolution of 200 Television Lines (TVL), a measurement of image resolution on analogue TV systems, allowing adjustment of horizontal linearity and geometry.
• Horizontal stripe boxes: A grating, allowing adjustment of vertical linearity.
• Grayscale steps: Evaluating gamma and transfer characteristics, they allow for contrast and brightness adjustments (at least 6 to 8 steps should be visible)
• Concentric circles: Allow to test cathode-ray beam sharpness and focus
• Resolution wedges: The gradually expanding lines near the center, labeled with periodic indications of the corresponding spatial frequency, allow checking of image resolution.
• Border arrows: Allow for overscan adjustments.
• Numbers: Going from 200 to 800, they correspond to TV Lines (TVL).

Used with early monochrome TV systems, this chart was useful in measuring image resolution, determined by inspection of the image as displayed on a CRT. On such systems an important measure is the limiting horizontal resolution, affected by hardware and transmission quality (vertical resolution is fixed and determined by the video standard used, usually 525 lines or 625 lines).

This test card was transmitted by NRK in Norway (in conjunction with the monochrome Pye Test Card G),[17] CKCK-TV in Saskatchewan, Canada (525-lines variant),[18] RTBF and VRT[19] in Belgium, NTS[20] in the Netherlands, Magyar Televízió in Hungary, TVP[21] in Poland,[22] American Forces Network in West Germany (525-lines variant, sometimes also with the centre portion overlaid on top of Multiburst test pattern),[23] Yugoslav Radio Television in the former SFR Yugoslavia, Rediffusion Television in British Hong Kong (where it replaced a modified version of the 1950s Marconi-designed Associated-Rediffusion "diamond" test card), Egypt and Syria.[24] It was also used by the pirate TV Noordzee station broadcasting to the Netherlands in the 1960s.[25]

This chart, in conjunction with later widescreen patterns, is commonly used to test consumer and professional standalone, smartphone and tablet cameras for photo and videography[11] and other imaging equipment like microscopes[8] or CCTV cameras.[10]

Recreation of Telefunken Test Card T05

A Philips "Starenkasten" 1952 TV set, displaying the Telefunken T05 test card.

Some variations of the EIA resolution test chart exist. In continental Europe,[26] a variation know as Telefunken Test Card T05[27] was used. It had five diagonal bars on the top left of the center white circle and different resolution wedges reminiscent from the RMA 1946 Resolution Chart.[16] It was used on ARD (from the 1950s up to the 1970s), Hessischer Rundfunk,[27] Bayerischer Rundfunk,[28] WDR,[29] NWRV in northern Germany,[30] Yugoslav Radio Television,[31][27] Österreichischer Rundfunk in Austria,[32] BRT[33] in Belgium, Doordarshan in India, Corporación Estatal de Radio y Televisión in Dominican Republic (525-lines variant; in conjunction with Indian-head test pattern), some commercial TV stations in Australia, Israel Broadcasting Authority and Israeli Educational Television in Israel, and in early-1950s trial television tests by the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden.[24] A modified Telefunken T05 test card was also used by Anglia Television, the ITV franchise holder for the East of England in the 1960s, designated as its own "Test Card B" (not to be confused with the BBC's never-aired Test Card B from the 1940s).[27][34]

• Television lines
• Philips PM5540
• Indian-head test pattern
• Test card