Syrian Peasant Revolt (1834–1835)

The Syrian Peasant Revolt[1] was an armed uprising of Levantine peasant classes against the rule of Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt in 1834–35. The revolt took place in areas of Ottoman Syria, at the time ruled by the semi-independent ruler of Egypt, who conquered the region from loyal Ottoman forces in 1831.

Syrian Peasant Revolt
Part of the campaigns of Muhammad Ali of Egypt
Date1834–1835
Location
Levant, Egypt Eyalet, Ottoman Empire
Result

Revolt suppressed

Belligerents
Egypt Eyalet Urban notables of Nablus, Jerusalem, Hebron, Safed, and Alawite clans
Commanders and leaders
Muhammad Ali
Ibrahim Pasha
Salim Beg		 Qasim al-Ahmad 
Mas'ud al-Madi 
Aqil Agha
Strength
36,000 soldiers 4,000 Alawite rebels
Tens of thousands of irregulars
Casualties and losses
unknown unknown

The main arena of the revolt evolved in the Damascus Eyalet - Jerusalem,[2] Nablus and Hebron (Palestine or Southern Syria), as well as a major tribal Bedouin rebellion in Al-Karak (Transjordan);[3] other peasant revolts also erupted in Sidon Eyalet - led by Muslims and Druze and encompassing Mount Lebanon,[2] Hauran and Galilee; and a revolt[2] in Aleppo Eyalet - led by Alawites of the Syrian coast. The cause of the revolts was mainly refusal of Syrian peasants to answer conscription and disarmament orders of new Egyptian rulers of the Muhammad Ali dynasty,[2] in line with anti-Egyptian attitudes of local Ottoman loyalists.[4]

Background
Main article: Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–33)

The First Egyptian-Ottoman War (1831–1833) was a military conflict brought about by Muhammad Ali Pasha's demand to the Ottoman Empire for control of Greater Syria, as reward for his assistance in Crete against Greece. As a result, Muhammad Ali's forces temporarily gained control of Syria, and advanced as far north as Adana.

Arenas

Peasant revolts in Palestine and Transjordan
Main article: Peasants' revolt in Palestine

The Peasants' Revolt[5][6] was a rebellion against Egyptian conscription and taxation policies in Palestine. It was a collective reaction to the gradual elimination of the unofficial rights and privileges previously enjoyed by the various societal groups in the region under Ottoman rule.[7] While the local peasantry constituted the bulk of the rebel forces, urban notables and Bedouin tribes also formed an integral part of the revolt.

Alawite revolt
Main article: Alawite revolt (1834–35)

Between 1834 and 1835, Bashir's forces commanded by Khalil and his relatives participated in the suppression of revolts in Akkar, Safita, the Krak des Chevaliers and an Alawite revolt in the mountainous region of Latakia.

See also

References
  1. Kimmerling, Baruch (14 August 2012). Clash of Identities: Explorations in Israeli and Palestinian Societies. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231512497 – via Google Books.
  2. Capar, A. Thesis: The History of Nusayris ('Alawis) in Ottoman Syria, 1831-1876. University of Arkansas. 2013.
  3. Rood, 2004, p. 131
  4. Talhamy, “The Nusayri and Druze Minorities in Syria in the Nineteenth Century: The Revolt against the Egyptian Occupation as a Case Study,” 983.
  5. Baer, 1982, p. 254
  6. Grossman, 2011, p. 47
  7. Rood, 2004, p. 139
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