List of government space agencies
This is a list of government agencies engaged in activities related to outer space and space exploration.
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As of 2022, 77 different government space agencies are in existence, 16 of which have launch capabilities. Six government space agencies—the China National Space Administration (CNSA), the European Space Agency (ESA), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the (US) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the Russian Federal Space Agency (RFSA or Roscosmos)—have full launch capabilities (ability to launch and recover multiple satellites, develop and deploy cryogenic rocket engines and operate space probes) and extraterrestrial landing capabilities.
The name given is the English version, with the native language version below. The acronym given is the most common acronym: this can either be the acronym of the English version (e.g. JAXA), or the acronym in the native language. Where there are multiple acronyms in common use, the English one is given first.
The date of the founding of the space agency is the date of first operations where applicable. If the space agency is no longer running, then the date when it was terminated (i.e. the last day of operations) is given. In particular the Soviet space program is not listed since it was not organized as a consolidated agency.
List of space agencies
- The accomplishments of the space agencies are color-coded as follows
Civilian
Military
List of space agencies with launch capability
Country | Space agency | Founded | Terminated | Capabilities of the space agency | Ref(s) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Acronym | Multiple Satellites Launch capable | Developed and Deployed Cryogenic Rocket Engines | Operates Extraterrestrial Probe | Recoverable Satellites capable | ||||
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Australian Space Agency | ASA | July 1, 2018 | — | No | No | No | No | [1][2] |
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Brazilian Space Agency | AEB | February 10, 1994 | — | Yes | No | No | No | [14][15] |
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China National Space Administration | CNSA | April 22, 1993 | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | [21] |
European Space Agency | [27][28] | 1975 May 31 | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ESA ASE EWO | |
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Iranian Space Agency | ISA ISA |
2004 | — | No | No | No | No | |
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Israeli Space Agency | ISA סל"ה |
April 1983 | — | No | No | No | No | |
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Italian Space Agency | ASI | 1988 | — | Yes | No | Yes | No | [88] |
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National Aerospace Development Administration |
KCST | 1980s | — | No | No | No | No | |
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Korea Aerospace Research Institute |
KARI 항우연 |
October 1989 | — | No | No | No | No | |
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Indian Space Research Organisation | ISRO इसरो |
August 15, 1969 | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | [31][32][33] |
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Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency | JAXA | October 1, 2003 | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | [42] |
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration | NASA | October 1, 1958 | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | [52] |
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French: Centre National d’Études Spatiales | CNES | December 19, 1961 | — | Yes | Yes | No | No | [55] |
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State Space Agency of Ukraine | ДКАУ SSAU |
March 2, 1992 | — | Yes | No | No | No | |
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Roscosmos | ROSCOSMOS РОСКОСМОС |
c. 1992 | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
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United States Space Force | USSF | December 20, 2019 | — | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | [89][90][91] |
List of space agencies with human spaceflight capability
Country | Space agency | Founded | Terminated | Accomplished tasks by the space agency | Refs | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Acronym | Extravehicular activity | Space rendezvous and docking | Space station | Crewed Moon landing | ||||
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration | NASA | October 1, 1958 | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | [52] |
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Russian Federal Space Agency | ROSCOSMOS RFSA |
December 26, 1991 Dissolution of Soviet Union | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | [92] |
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China National Space Administration | CNSA | April 22, 1993 | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | [21] |
List of space agencies with extraterrestrial landing capability
Country | Space agency | Founded | Terminated | Accomplished tasks by the space agency | Ref(s) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Acronym | Controlled impact with surface | Uncrewed soft landing | Uncrewed (automated) rover operation | Automated sample return mission | Circumlunar crewed spaceflight | Crewed Moon landing and sample return | ||||
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China National Space Administration | CNSA | April 22, 1993 | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | [21] |
European Space Agency | ESA ASE EWO |
May 31, 1975 | — | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Huygens (spacecraft), though launched and orbited by NASA | |
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Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency | JAXA | October 1, 2003 | — | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Hayabusa 1 and 2 |
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Indian Space Research Organisation | ISRO इसरो |
August 15, 1969 | — | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | [31][32][33] |
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration | NASA | October 1, 1958 | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | [52] |
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Russian Federal Space Agency | ROSCOSMOS RFSA |
December 26, 1991 (principal successor of the Soviet space program) | — | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
^ sample successfully taken by OSIRIS-REx, though not returned yet
Expected and proposed future space agencies
Space agency | Country/Countries | Expected date of formation | Current status | Ref(s) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Acronym | ||||
African Space Agency | AfSA | ![]() |
2023 | Proposed in 2015. AU plans to launch the agency by 2019 with a proposed headquarter in Cairo, Egypt. Funded by Egypt. See the stamp issued by Egypt on 19 September 2019. | [93][94][95][96][97] |
Albanian Space Office | ASO | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2020, at progress stage | [98][99] |
Armenian Space Agency | ArmCosmos | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2013 with the goal to launch satellites. Negotiating with the International Telecommunication Union to clear the path for its prospective launch. | [100] |
Bhutan Space Agency | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2016, at progress state. | [101][102][103] | |
Brunei Aeronautics and Space Agency | BruneiSpace and AngkasaBrunei | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2018, at progress stage. | [104][105][106][107] |
Cambodian Aeronautics and Space Agency | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2016, at progress stage | [108][109] | |
Caribbean Space Agency | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2017, at progress stage | [110] | |
Croatian Space Office | CSO | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2020, currently operate as NGO Adriatic Aerospace Association (A3), at progress stage | [111][112] |
Guatemala Space Agency | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2019, at progress stage. | [113][114] | |
Haiti Space Agency | HSA | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2018, at progress stage | [115] |
Honduras Space Agency | AEH | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2018, at progress stage | [116][117] |
Iceland Space Agency | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2014, at progress stage | [118] | |
Ireland National Space Agency | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2013, at progress stage. | [119] | |
Kyrgyzstan Aeronautics and Space Agency | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2015, at progress stage. | [120][121] | |
Laos Space Agency | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2015, at progress stage | [122][123] | |
Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency | ALCE | ![]() |
— | Announced in 2021, bill stage | [124][125][126] |
Lebanese Space Office | LSO | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2015, at progress stage | [127][128] |
Malta Space Office | MSO | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2017, at progress stage. | [129] |
Moldova National Space Office | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2018, at progress stage | [130] | |
Monaco Space Agency | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2020, at progress stage | [131][132] | |
Myanmar Aeronautics and Space Agency | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2019, at progress stage. | [133][134][135][136] | |
Nicaraguan Space Agency | AEN | ![]() |
— | Announced in 2021, bill stage. | [137][138][139][140][141] |
Oman Space Agency | OSA | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2020, at progress stage | [142][143] |
Pan-Arab Space Agency | PASA | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2008, at progress stage | [144] |
Panama Space Agency | AEP | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2014, at progress stage | [145] |
Serbian Space Office | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2016, at progress stage. | [146][147] | |
Slovenian Space Agency | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2019, at progress stage. | [148][149] | |
South American Space Agency | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2011, at progress stage | [150] | |
Southeast Asian Space Agency | SEASA | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2013, at progress stage | [151] |
Sri Lanka Aeronautics and Space Agency | SLASA | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2009. Immediate goal was to construct and launch two satellites. Sri Lankan Telecommunications Regulatory Commission had signed an agreement with Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd to get the relevant help and resources. | [152] |
Sudan Aeronautics and Space Agency | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2017, at progress stage | [153] | |
Tanzania National Space Agency | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2014, at progress state | [154] | |
Uruguayan Space Agency | AEU | ![]() |
2022 | Announced in 2021, bill stage. | [155] |
Yemen Arab Space Agency | YASA | ![]() |
— | Proposed in 2013, at progress stage | [156] |
Budgets
The annual budgets listed are the official budgets for national space agencies available in public domain. The budgets are not normalized to the expenses of space research in different countries, i.e. higher budget does not necessarily mean more activity or better performance in space exploration.[157][158] Budget could be used for different projects: e.g. GPS is maintained from the US defence budget, whereas ESA's money is used for developing the European Galileo positioning system. For European contributors to ESA, the national budgets shown include also their contributions to ESA.
Agency (country/region) | Budget (in millions of US $) |
---|---|
NASA (United States) | 22,629 |
CNSA (China) | 11,000 |
ESA (Europe) | 7,430 |
DLR (Germany) | 4,233 |
CNES (France) | 3,384 |
Roscosmos (Russia) | 1,922 |
ISRO (India) | 1,831 |
ASI (Italy) | 1,800 |
JAXA (Japan) | 1,699 |
KARI (South Korea) | 583 |
UKSA (United Kingdom) | 500 |
CSA (Canada) | 421 |
ASA (Algeria) | 360 |
ISAB (Belgium) | 224 |
INTA (Spain) | 211 |
SSO (Switzerland) | 177 |
NSO (Netherlands) | 110 |
SNSA (Sweden) | 100 |
NOSA (Norway) | 97 |
SSAU (Ukraine) | 80 |
ALR (Austria) | 75 |
LAPAN (Indonesia) | 55 |
AEB (Brazil) | 47 |
CONAE (Argentina) | 45 |
PhilSA (Philippines) | 38 |
ISA (Israel) | 14.5 |
ISA, ISRC and ARI (Iran) | 8 |
See also
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External links
- Space Law Blog
- Space Agencies Worldwide by UN HDI
- World map showing location of all these space agencies
- Worldwide Space Agencies by UNOOSA