List of members of the Securities and Exchange Commission
Members of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission are appointed by the President of the United States. Their terms last five years and are staggered so that one commissioner's term ends on June 5 of each year. If an appointment is to fill out an uncompleted term, it will be for less than five years. To ensure that the commission remains non-partisan, no more than three commissioners may belong to the same political party. The President also designates one of the commissioners as chairman, the SEC's top executive. Service may continue past term expiration[1] up to eighteen additional months.[2] This page is sorted by president and date of appointment; a second list sorts the page by SEC member's employment with private firms.
Roosevelt
Under Franklin D. Roosevelt:
- Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. – 1934–35 (Chair: 1934–35) (D)
- George C. Mathews – 1934–40 (R)
- James M. Landis – 1934–37 (Chair: 1935–37) (D)
- Robert E. Healy – 1934–46 (R)
- Ferdinand Pecora – 1934–35 (D)
- James Delmage Ross– 1935–37 (D)
- William O. Douglas – 1936–39 (Chair: 1937–39) (D)
- Jerome Frank – 1937–41 (Chair: 1939–41) (D)
- John W. Hanes – 1938 (D)
- Edward C. Eicher – 1938–42 (Chair: 1941–42) (D)
- Leon Henderson – 1939–41 (D)
- Sumner T. Pike – 1940–46 (R)
- Ganson Purcell – 1941–46 (Chair: 1942–46) (D)
- Edmund Burke, Jr. – 1941–43 (D)
- Robert H. O'Brien – 1942–44 (D)
- Robert K. McConnaughey – 1943–49 (D)
- James J. Caffrey – 1945–47 (Chair: 1946–47) (D)
Truman
Under Harry S. Truman:
- Richard B. McEntire – 1946–53 (R)
- Edmond M. Hanrahan – 1946–49 (Chair: 1948–49) (D)
- Harry A. McDonald – 1947–52 (Chair: 1949–52) (R)
- Paul R. Rowen – 1948–55 (D)
- Donald C. Cook – 1949–53 (Chair: 1952–53) (D)
- Edward T. McCormick – 1949–51 (D)
- Robert I. Millonzi – 1951–52 (D)
- Clarence H. Adams – 1952–56 (R)
- J. Howard Rossbach – 1952–53 (D)
Eisenhower
Under Dwight D. Eisenhower:
- Ralph H. Demmler – 1953–55 (Chair: 1953–55) (R)
- J. Sinclair Armstrong – 1953–57 (Chair: 1955–57) (R)
- A.J. Goodwin, Jr. – 1953–55 (D)
- Andrew Downey Orrick – 1955–60 (R)
- Harold C. Patterson – 1955–60 (D)
- Earl F. Hastings – 1956–61 (D)
- James C. Sargent – 1956–60 (R)
- Edward N. Gadsby – 1957–61 (Chair: 1957–61) (R)
- Byron D. Woodside – 1960–67 (R)
- Daniel J. McCauley – 1960–61 (R)
Kennedy
Under John F. Kennedy:
- J. Allen Frear, Jr. – 1961–63 (D)
- William L. Cary – 1961–64 (Chair: 1961–64) (D)
- Manuel F. Cohen – 1961–69 (Chair: 1964–69) (D)
- Jack M. Whitney II – 1961–64 (R)
Johnson
Under Lyndon B. Johnson:
- Hugh F. Owens – 1964–73 (D)
- Hamer H. Budge – 1964–71 (Chair: 1969–71) (R)
- Francis M. Wheat – 1964–69 (D)
- Richard B. Smith – 1967–71 (R)
Nixon
Under Richard Nixon:
- James J. Needham – 1969–72 (R)
- Syd Herlong – 1969–73 (D)
- William J. Casey – 1971–73 (Chair: 1971–73) (R)
- Philip A. Loomis, Jr. – 1971–82 (R)
- John R. Evans – 1973–83 (R)
- G. Bradford Cook – 1973 (Chair: 1973) (R)
- Ray Garrett, Jr. – 1973–75 (Chair: 1973–75) (R)
- A.A. Sommer, Jr. – 1973–76 (D)
- Irving M. Pollack – 1974–80 (D)
Carter
Under Jimmy Carter:
- Harold M. Williams – 1977–81 (Chair: 1977–81) (D)
- Roberta S. Karmel – 1977–80 (D)
- Stephen J. Friedman – 1980–81 (D)
- Barbara Thomas Judge – 1980–83 (D)
Reagan
Under Ronald Reagan:
- John S.R. Shad – 1981–87 (Chair: 1981–87) (R)
- Bevis Longstreth – 1981–84 (D)
- James C. Treadway, Jr. – 1982–85 (R)
- Charles Chapman Cox – 1983–89 (R)
- Charles L. Marinaccio – 1984–85 (D)
- Aulana L. Peters – 1984–88 (D)
- Joseph Grundfest – 1985–90 (D)
- Edward H. Fleischman – 1986–92 (R)
- David S. Ruder – 1987–89 (Chair: 1987–89) (R)
- Mary L. Schapiro – 1988–94 (I)
Bush
Under George H. W. Bush:
- Richard C. Breeden – 1989–93 (Chair: 1989–93) (R)
- Philip R. Lochner, Jr. – 1990–91 (R)
- Richard Y. Roberts – 1990–95 (R) (D) when appointed
- J. Carter Beese, Jr. – 1992–94 (R)
Clinton
Under Bill Clinton:
- Mary Schapiro – Appointed Interim Chair 1993
- Arthur Levitt, Jr. – 1993–2001 (Chair: 1993–2001) (D)
- Steven Wallman – 1994–97 (D)
- Norman S. Johnson – 1996–2000 (R)
- Isaac C. Hunt, Jr. – 1996–2002 (D)
- Paul R. Carey – 1997–2001 (D)
- Laura Unger – 1997–2002 (R)
Bush
Under George W. Bush:
- Harvey Pitt – 2001–03 (Chair: 2001–2003) (R)
- Paul S. Atkins – 2002–2008 (R)
- Cynthia Glassman – 2002–2006 (R)
- Harvey Goldschmid – 2002–2005 (D)
- William H. Donaldson – 2003–2005 (Chair: 2003–2005) (R)
- Roel Campos – 2002–2008 (D)
- Annette Nazareth – 2005–2008 (D)
- Christopher Cox – 2005–2009 (Chair: 2005–2009) (R)
- Kathleen Casey – 2006–2011 (R)
- Troy A. Paredes – 2008–2013;[3] (R)[4]
- Luis A. Aguilar – 2008–2015;[3] (D)[4]
- Elisse B. Walter – 2008–2013;[3] (D)[4]
Obama
Under Barack Obama:
- Mary L. Schapiro – 2009–2012 (Chair: 2009–2012)[3] (I)[4]
- Elisse B. Walter – George W. Bush appointee, appointed as Chair: 12/2012-4/2013 (D)
- Mary Jo White – 2013–2017; (Chair: 2013–2017) (I) [5]
- Daniel M. Gallagher – 2011–2015;[3][6] (R)
- Kara Stein – 2013–2019 (D)
- Michael Piwowar – 2013–2018 (R)
Trump
Under Donald Trump:
- Jay Clayton – 2017–2020 (Chairman) (I)
- Robert J. Jackson Jr. – 2018–2020 (D)
- Hester Peirce – 2018–present (R)
- Elad L. Roisman – 2018–present (R)
- Allison Herren Lee – 2019–present (acting chair 2021) (D)
- Caroline A. Crenshaw – 2020–present (D)
By current/former employer
Many former members of the SEC have also been employed by private firms in the industry they once regulated.[7][8]
Current/former employer: Citadel/Citadel Securities
Stephen Luparello (former head of Trading and Markets division, which oversees exchanges and brokerages): General Counsel of Ken Griffin's Citadel Securities LLC (2017-2021; replaced by Heath Tarbert, 2021), adviser at Citadel Securities, 2021.[9][10]
Ryan VanGrack (adviser to former SEC Chair Mary Jo White): deputy chief legal officer at Ken Griffin's Citadel hedge fund (January 2018 - present).[7]
David Glockner (former head of the SEC’s Chicago office, 2013-2017): Chief Compliance Officer at Ken Griffin's Citadel hedge fund (December 2017 - present).[11]
Gregg Berman (former head of data and analytics in the SEC’s trading and markets unit): Director of Research at Ken Griffin's Citadel Securities (September 2016 - present).[7]
Current/former employer: Robinhood
Daniel M. Gallagher (commissioner, 2011-2015): currently Chief Legal Officer for Robinhood.[12][13]
Lucas Moskowitz (chief of staff to commissioner Jay Clayton, 2017-2019): currently deputy general counsel for regulatory, litigation and government affairs at Robinhood.[12][13][14][15]
Justin Daly (commissioner’s counsel, 2007-2010): currently retained as lobbyist for Robinhood.[8]
Benjamin Brown (former counsel to the SEC): currently retained as lobbyist for Robinhood.[8]
Current former employer: Other Investment Firms
Jay Clayton (commissioner, 2017-2020): Lead Independent Director, Board of Apollo Global Management (February 2021 - present).[16][17]
Current/former employer: JP Morgan Chase
Stephen M. Cutler (Director of the Division of Enforcement, 2001 until 2005): General Counsel, Vice Chairman of JPMorgan Chase (February 2007 - 2018).[18][19]
Current/former employer: Bank of America
Gary Lynch (Director of Enforcement, 1985-1989); Global General Counsel, Bank of America (2011-2016).[20]
Current/former employer: Deutsche Bank
Richard Walker (General Counsel, 1996-1998; Director of Enforcement, 1998-2001)): General Counsel of Deutsche Bank (2001-2015).[21]
Current/former employer: Goldman Sachs
Richard Roberts (commissioner): retained as lobbyist for Goldman Sachs.[22]
References
- "Current SEC Commissioners", SEC webpage. Retrieved 2011-04-22.
- Waddell, Melanie, "White House Said to Mull Gallagher as Casey's SEC Replacement", Advisor One, April 21, 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-03.
- "Concise Directory:Commissioners". SEC webpage section. Retrieved 2011-04-22.
- Hamilton, Jesse, and Robert Schmidt, "Obama Said to Choose Gallagher as Casey’s Replacement at SEC", Bloomberg.com, April 21, 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-03.
- "SEC.gov | Mary Jo White Sworn in as Chair of SEC". www.sec.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
- "Daniel Gallagher Sworn in as SEC Commissioner". www.sec.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
- Robinson & Bein, Matt & Benjamin (March 16, 2018). "Citadel's Ken Griffin Adds to Hires From a Preferred Locale: the SEC". Bloomberg.
- Gangitano, Alex (2021-01-29). "Robinhood looks for in-house lobbyist amid backlash from lawmakers". TheHill. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- "Citadel Securities Hires Ex-CFTC Chairman Tarbert as Legal Chief". news.bloomberglaw.com. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- "Ex-SEC official Luparello joining Citadel Securities". Reuters. 2017-04-04. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- "Xcel Energy, Baker Hughes Tap New In-House Legal Chiefs (1)". news.bloomberglaw.com. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- "Robinhood IPO Filing Shows CLO's Pay Valued at $30 Million (1)". news.bloomberglaw.com. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- Meyer, Theodoric. "Robinhood builds a presence on K Street". POLITICO. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- "Robinhood Expands Lobbying Footprint With In-House Registrations". Bloomberg Government. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- Rooney, Brian Schwartz,Kate (2021-02-09). "Robinhood lobbying targets legislation that could hurt its business model". CNBC. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- Vandevelde, Mark; Indap, Sujeet (2021-02-18). "Apollo appoints ex-SEC chair Jay Clayton as lead independent director". Financial Times. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- Ghosh, Palash. "Private Equity Giant Apollo Hires Ex-SEC Chief Jay Clayton As It Moves On From Epstein Scandal". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- Popper, Nathaniel (2015-07-06). "Stephen Cutler, JPMorgan's General Counsel, to Become Vice Chairman". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- "Inside the Secret Society of Wall Street's Top In-House Lawyers - Bloomberg". webcache.googleusercontent.com. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- "Inside the Secret Society of Wall Street's Top In-House Lawyers - Bloomberg". webcache.googleusercontent.com. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- "Inside the Secret Society of Wall Street's Top In-House Lawyers - Bloomberg". webcache.googleusercontent.com. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- "Goldman rolls out the big guns in lobbying blitz". InvestmentNews. 2010-06-09. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
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