Rosa Manus

Rosette Susanna "Rosa" Manus (Dutch pronunciation: [roːˈsɛtə syˈsɑnaː ˈroːsaː ˈmaːnʏs]; 20 August 1881 – 1942) was a Jewish Dutch pacifist and female suffragist.

Rosa Manus
Rosette Susanna Manus
Born(1881-08-20)20 August 1881
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Died1942
Bernburg, Germany
Known forSufferagist
Women's rights advocate
Pacifist

Early years

Rosette Susanna Manus was born the second of seven children to affluent Jewish parents, Henry Philip Manus, a tobacco merchant, and Soete Vita Israël, a homemaker, in Amsterdam, Netherlands.[1][2]

Women's suffrage and pacifism work
1930s portrait of Rosa Manus

Manus became involved with the international women's suffrage movement in 1908 at the Congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA). At the 1908 Congress, she met Dutch suffragist Aletta Jacobs and American suffragist Carrie Chapman Catt, whom would become lifelong colleagues and friends. Catt and Manus toured Europe together and developed a close relationship.[3] Manus worked to educate Catt on nationalistic differences of women's ideals on sexuality by taking her to Parisian show fraught with nudity.[4]

Following the 1908 Congress, Manus became secretary of the Dutch Association for Women's Suffrage.[2]

Together with Mia Boissevain, Manus served as organizer of the 1913 exhibition "De Vrouw 1813–1913," on the lives of Dutch women.[5] In 1915, Manus played an integral role in organizing the International Congress of Women in The Hague. Following this, she was appointed secretary of the International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace, later known as the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF).

Manus accompanied Carrie Chapman Catt, the then-President of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance, on a world tour in 1922-1923.

In 1935, together with Johanna Naber and Willemijn Posthumus-van der Goot, Manus established the International Archives for the Women's Movement (IAV), later known as the International Information Centre and Archives for the Women's Movement and currently known as Atria Institute on gender equality and women's history.[6]

Manus was made an Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau by royal decree on August 22, 1936.[7]

Death

Manus was arrested by the Gestapo between August 10 and August 14, 1941[8] and deported to Germany. She was transferred to Ravensbrück concentration camp in October 1941.[9] Manus was likely gassed at Bernburg in 1942, but there is conflicting information around her date of death.[6]

See also

References
  1. "Rosa Manus | Jewish Women's Archive". jwa.org. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  2. Commire, Anne; Klezmer, Deborah; Stavenuiter, Monique (1 January 1999). Women in world history: a biographical encyclopedia. Vol. 10. Waterford, CT: Yorkin Publications. p. 199. ISBN 078763736X. OCLC 41108563.
  3. Rupp, Leila J (1 January 1997). Worlds of women: the making of an international women's movement. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. pp. 190–191, 196–197. ISBN 0691016763.
  4. Rupp, Leila J. (1997). "Sexuality and Politics in the Early Twentieth Century: The Case of the International Women's Movement". Feminist Studies. 23 (3): 596. doi:10.2307/3178388. ISSN 0046-3663.
  5. "Who was Rosa Manus?". Atria Institute on gender equality and women's history. 18 April 2016. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  6. "Who was Rosa Manus?". Atria Institute on gender equality and women's history. 18 April 2016. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  7. "Who was Rosa Manus?". Atria. 18 April 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  8. "Image 42 of Carrie Chapman Catt Papers: General Correspondence, circa 1890-1947; Manus, Rosette Suzanne; 1939-1941". The Library of Congress. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  9. "International Women's News". February 1946. p. 50. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
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