Rhodocollybia maculata

Rhodocollybia maculata, common name Spotted Toughshank, is a species of fungus in the mushroom family Marasmiaceae.[2][3] It often appears around rotting conifer wood.[4]

Rhodocollybia maculata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Subclass:
Hymenomycetes
Order:
Agaricales
Family:
Marasmiaceae
Genus:
Rhodocollybia
Species:
R. maculata
Binomial name
Rhodocollybia maculata
(Alb. & Schwein.: Fr.) Singer[1]
Synonyms

Collybia maculata

Rhodocollybia maculata
gills on hymenium
cap is convex or flat
hymenium is adnexed
stipe is bare
spore print is pink to cream
ecology is saprotrophic
edibility: inedible

One of its chemical constituents, collybolide, is possibly a potent and selective K-opioid receptor agonist like Salvinorin A.

K-opioid agonism

Gupta et al.[5] found collybolide to exhibit biased k-opioid agonist activity. Along with an easily modifiable structure (in contrast to salvinorin A), collybolide has attracted attention for the development of next-generation KOR agonist analgesics, antipruritics and antidepressants.[citations exist] It is unknown if collybolide is a hallucinogen in humans.[5]

However this has been contested by a Shevick et al. who, after synthesizing collybolide, couldn't find K-opioid agonist activity of either enantiomer. Shevick et al. fault the 2016 assay and suggest an unidentified contaminant in the C. maculata extract; or that degradation during storage or handling produced a derivative of collybolide which is the true, but still unknown KOR agonist. [6]

Description

The cap is cream-colored with red-brown spots. The edge remains inrolled for an extended period of time. The whitish gills are crowded, becoming spotted in age. The similarly colored stipe is long, tough, hollow, and tapered downwards.[4]

A variety known as scorzonerea is characterized by yellowish color of its gills, and sometimes the stipe.[4]

Edibility

Though nonpoisonous,[7] this species is inedible due to its toughness and unpalatability;[8] it is usually bitter.[3]

References
  1. AMP - Rhodocollybia maculata Archived 2012-03-31 at the Wayback Machine
  2. Rhodocollybia maculata (MushroomExpert.Com)
  3. California Fungi: Rhodocollybia maculata
  4. Trudell, Steve; Ammirati, Joe (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR: Timber Press. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-88192-935-5.
  5. Gupta, Achla; Gomes, Ivone; Bobeck, Erin N.; Fakira, Amanda K.; Massaro, Nicholas P.; Sharma, Indrajeet; Cavé, Adrien; Hamm, Heidi E.; Parello, Joseph; Devi, Lakshmi A. (2016). "Collybolide is a novel biased agonist of κ-opioid receptors with potent antipruritic activity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (21): 6041–6046. doi:10.1073/pnas.1521825113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4889365.
  6. Shevick, Sophia; Freeman, Stephan; Tong, Guanghu; Russo, Robin; Bohn, Laura; Shenvi, Ryan (10 January 2022), Asymmetric syntheses of (+)- and (–)-collybolide enable reevaluation of kappa-opioid receptor agonism, American Chemical Society (ACS), doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2021-rtxqf-v2
  7. Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. (2006). North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuide. p. 176. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1.
  8. Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.


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