Queen Jeonghui

Queen Jeonghui (Hangul: 정희왕후, Hanja: 貞熹王后; 8 December 1418 – 6 May 1483[1]), of the Papyeong Yun clan, was a posthumous name bestowed on the wife and queen of Yi Yu, King Sejo. She was Queen of Joseon from 1455 until her husband's death in 1468, after which she was honoured as Queen Dowager Jaseong (자성왕대비) during the reign of her son, Yi Hwang, King Yejong, and as Grand Queen Dowager Jaseong (자성대왕대비) during the reign of her grandson, Yi Hyeol, King Seongjong.

Queen Jeonghui
정희왕후
貞熹王后
Grand Queen dowager of Joseon
Tenure31 December 1469 - 6 May 1483
PredecessorDynasty established
(Grand Queen Mother Deoknyeong as the last Grand Queen Dowager of Goryeo)
Successor
Queen Regent of Joseon
Tenure23 September 1468 - 1476
PredecessorTitle established
SuccessorQueen Munjeong
Queen dowager of Joseon
Tenure23 September 1468 - 31 December 1469
PredecessorQueen Dowager Uideok
Successor
Queen consort of Joseon
Tenure1455 - 23 September 1468
PredecessorQueen Jeongsun
SuccessorQueen Ansun
Grand Internal Princess Consort of Joseon
Tenure1428 - 1455
PredecessorTitle established
SuccessorGrand Internal Princess Consort Seungpyeong
Born8 December 1418
Gongah, Hongcheon, Gangwon Province, Kingdom of Joseon
Died6 May 1483(1483-05-06) (aged 64)
Haeng Palace, Onyang, Ansan-hyeon, Chungcheong Province, Kingdom of Joseon
Burial
Gwangreung
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1428⁠–⁠1468)​
IssueYi Jang, Crown Prince Uigyeong
Yi Se-seon, Princess Uisuk
Yi Hwang, King Yejong
Yi Se-hui, Princess Uiryeong
Posthumous name
자성흠인경덕선열명순원숙휘신혜의신헌정희왕후
HousePapyeong Yun
FatherYun Beon
MotherGrand Internal Princess Consort Heungnyeong of the Incheon Yi clan

Lady Yun was the first Joseon royal consort to receive the title of Grand Queen Dowager. She also served as regent for her young grandson between 1468-1476 with her daughter-in-law, Queen Dowager Insu as adviser, after the sudden death of Yejong in 1469.[2]

Biography

Early life and Marriage

The future Queen Jeonghui was born on 8 December 1418 during the eighteenth year of King Taejong's reign as the 9th child within 10 siblings. Her father was Yun Beon, who would later become Chief State Councillor, and her mother was Lady Yi of the Incheon Yi clan.

She married Grand Prince Suyang at the age of ten in 1428, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth lunar month in the tenth year of King Sejong's reign. She was given the titles of Grand Princess Consort Samhanguk (삼한국대부인, 三韓國大夫人) and eventually, Grand Internal Princess Consort Nakrang (낙랑부대부인, 樂浪府大夫人).

Lady Yun became Queen upon her husband's accession to the throne in 1455, after a coup d'état against his nephew, King Danjong.

Regency

In 1469, King Yejong died suddenly at the age of 20, and was succeeded by his youngest nephew and Queen Jeonghui's grandson, Prince Jalsan, who was third in the line of succession to the throne, rather than his own son, Grand Prince Jean. The official reasons given were that Grand Prince Jean was deemed to young at 4 years old to become King and that Prince Wolsan was too sickly, but the more likely reason for this choice was Jalsan's marriage to the daughter of the powerful Han Myeong-hoe.

As Seongjong was only 13 at the time of his accession, Queen Jeonghui ruled the nation as regent, along with her daughter-in-law and Seongjong's mother, Queen Insu (whose husband had never actually been King). During her regency, common farmers were granted the right to cultivate fields that had originally belonged to the military. In 1474, the code of law, first ordered by King Sejo, was completed and put into effect.

Later life

Queen Jeonghui's regency ended in 1477 and she died on 6 May 1483, in the fourteenth year of King Seongjong's reign.

Family
  • Father − Yun Beon, Duke Jeongjeong, Internal Prince Papyeong (증 영의정 파평부원군 정정공 윤번, 判中樞 贈 領議政 坡平府院君 貞靖公 尹璠) (1384 - 1448)
    • a) Grandfather − Yun Seung-rye (윤승례, 尹承禮) (? - 13 October 1397)
      • b) Great-grandfather − Yun Cheok (윤척, 尹陟) (? - 1384)
        • c) Great-great-grandfather − Yun Ahn-suk (윤안숙, 尹安淑)[3][4]
          • d) Great-great-great-grandfather − Yun Bo (윤보, 尹珤) (? - 1329)
          • d) Great-great-great-grandmother − Lady Park (박씨, 朴氏); daughter of Park Bo (박보, 朴保)
      • b) Great-grandmother − Lady Yi of the Jeonui Yi clan (전의이씨)
    • a) Grandmother − Lady Gwon of the Andong Gwon clan (안동 권씨, 安東 權氏); Yun Seung-rye’s second wife
    • a) Step-grandmother - Princess Gyeongan of the Changnyeong Seong clan (경안택주 창녕 성씨, 慶安宅主 昌寧 成氏)[5]
  • Mother − Grand Internal Princess Consort Heungnyeong of the Incheon Yi clan (흥녕부대부인 인천 이씨, 興寧府大夫人 仁川 李氏) (1383 - 1456)[6]
    • Grandfather − Yi Mun-hwa, Duke Gongdo (1358 – 1414) (공도공 이문화, 恭度公 李文和)[7]
    • Grandmother − Lady Choi of the Chungju Choi clan (충주 최씨, 忠州 崔氏)

Sibling(s)

6 older sisters, 2 older brothers, 1 younger brother

  • Older sister − Lady Yun of the Papyeong Yun clan (파평 윤씨, 坡平 尹氏)
    • Brother-in-law - Hong Won-yong, Duke Janggan, Prince Gannyeong (강녕군 장간공 홍원용, 江寧君 章簡公 洪元用) of the Namyang Hong clan (1401? - 1466)[8][9]
  • Older brother − Yun Sa-bun, Duke Yijeong, Prince Paseong (파성군 이정공 윤사분, 坡城君 夷靖公 尹士昐) (1401 - 1471)
    • Sister-in-law - Lady Jang of the Deoksu Jang clan (정경부인 덕수 장씨, 貞敬夫人 德水 張氏)
      • Nephew − Yun Heum, Duk Gonggan (호조판서 공간공 윤흠, 尹欽)
  • Older sister − Lady Yun of the Papyeong Yun clan (정경부인 파평 윤씨, 貞敬夫人 坡平 尹氏)
    • Brother-in-law - Seong Bong-jo, Uuijeong, Duke Yangjeong, Internal Prince Changseong (우의정 창성부원군 양정공 성봉조, 右議政 昌成府院君 襄靖公 成奉祖) of the Changnyeong Seong clan (1401 - 1474)[10]
      • Nephew − Seong Yul (성율, 成慄)
  • Older brother − Yun Sa-yun, Duke Seongan, Prince Yeongpyeong (공조판서 영평군 성안공 윤사윤, 工曹判書 鈴平君 成公安 尹士昀) (1409 - 7 December 1461).[11]
    • Sister-in-law - Lady Choi of the Suwon Choi clan (부산현부인 수원 최씨, 釜山縣夫人 水原 崔氏)
      • Nephew − Yun Bo (윤보, 尹甫)[12]
        • Grandnephew − Yun Yeo-pil (윤여필, 尹汝弼) (1466 - 1555)[13]
        • Grandnephew − Yun Yeo-hae (윤여해, 尹汝諧)
  • Older sister − Lady Yun of the Papyeong Yun clan (정경부인 파평 윤씨, 貞敬夫人 坡平 尹氏)
    • Brother-in-law - Yi Yeon-sun (공조참판 이연손, 工曹參判 李延孫) (? - 1463)
  • Older sister − Lady Yun of the Papyeong Yun clan (파평 윤씨, 坡平 尹氏)
    • Brother-in-law - Yi Yeom-ui, Duke Horyeo (지중추부사 호려공 이염의, 知中樞府事 胡戾公 李念義) (1409? - 1492)
  • Older sister − Lady Yun of the Papyeong Yun clan (파평 윤씨, 坡平 尹氏)
    • Brother-in-law - Oh Deok-gi (오덕기, 吳慶基)
  • Older sister − Princess Consort Anseong of the Papyeong Yun clan (정경부인 안성군부인 윤씨, 貞敬夫人 安城郡夫人 尹氏)
    • Brother-in-law - Han Gye-mi, Duke Munyang, Internal Prince Seowon (서원부원군 문양공 한계미, 西原府院君 文襄公 韓繼美) (1421 - 1471)[14][15]
  • Younger brother − Yun Sa-heun, Duke Yangpyeong, Internal Prince Pacheon (영돈녕 파천부원군 양평공 윤사흔, 領敦寧 坡川府院君 襄平公 尹士昕) (1422 - 1485).[16]
    • Sister-in-law - Lady Kim of the Gyerim Kim clan (계림 김씨, 鷄林 金氏)
      • Nephew − Yun Suk-gyeom (윤숙겸, 尹叔謙)
      • Nephew − Yun Gye-gyeom (윤계겸, 尹繼謙) (1442 - 1483)[17]
        • Grandnephew − Yun Ok (윤욱, 尹頊) (1459 - 1485)[18]
        • Grandnephew − Yun Rim (윤림, 尹琳)
      • Nephew − Yun Yu-ui (윤유의, 尹由義)
      • Nephew − Yun Yu-rye (윤유례, 尹由禮)
      • Nephew − Yun Yu-ji (윤유지, 尹由智)

Husband

Issue

Through her great-great-grandfather, Yun Ahn-suk, Queen Jeonghui was an ascendant of Royal Consort Hee-bi of the Papyeong Yun clan, who was the consort of King Chunghye of Goryeo. Royal Consort Hee-bi was also a first cousin once removed of Queen Wongyeong as her mother, Lady Min of the Yeoheung Min clan (여흥 민씨), was the younger sister of the Queen's grandfather. Through her brothers, Queen Jeonghui eventually became a first cousin thrice removed of Queen Jeonghyeon, the great-grandaunt of Queen Janggyeong and Yun Im, and the 3rd great-grandaunt of Queen Munjeong and Yun Won-hyeong.

Through her maternal grandfather, Queen Jeonghui was also a great-grandniece of Geun-bi Yi of the Goseong Yi clan, who was the consort of King U of Goryeo.

See also

References
  1. In lunar calendar, the Queen was born on 11 November 1418 and died on 30 March 1483
  2. Young-Key Kim-Renaud: Creative Women of Korea: The Fifteenth Through the Twentieth Centuries
  3. Through his brother Yun Gye-jong (윤계종, 尹繼宗) (? - March 1396) and his wife, Lady Min of the Yeoheung Min clan (여흥 민씨), his niece became Royal Consort Hee-bi of the Papyeong Yun clan (a consort of King Chunghye of Goryeo)
  4. Eventually became the 4th great-grandfather of Queen Jeonghyeon, the 5th great-grandfather of Queen Janggyeong, and the 6th great-grandfather of Queen Munjeong and Yun Wonhyeong.
  5. When the Joseon Dynasty was established, her father Seong Yeo-wan (성여완, 成汝完) (1309 - 1397) was sergeant and was appointed as the head of a swordsman academy. King Taejo eventually gave his family royal titles; with Seong receiving the royal title of Internal Prince Changnyeong (창녕부원군, 昌寧府院君). Thus having his daughter as Princess Gyeongan (경안택주 성씨, 慶安宅主 成氏; Gyeongan Taekju)
  6. Lady Yi is a grandniece of Royal Consort Geun-bi
  7. He was the son of Royal Consort Geun-bi's older sister, thus making him the maternal nephew of the royal consort (Geun-bi was the consort of King U of Goryeo)
  8. His sister is the mother of Queen Sohye, thus making him the maternal uncle of the Queen
  9. His niece, Princess Consort Gangnyeong of the Namyang Hong clan (강녕부부인 남양 홍씨, 江寧府夫人 南陽 洪氏) (? - 1483), from his brother Hong Yi-wong (홍이용, 洪利用), became the wife of Yi Im, Grand Prince Pyeongwon (평원대군 이임, 平原大君 琳; 1427 - 1445). He was the 9th child of Queen Soheon and King Sejong
  10. He was a cousin of Seong Sam-mun and Grand Prince Seongnyeong's wife (a son of Queen Wongyeong and King Taejong)
  11. Became the great-grandfather of Queen Janggyeong
  12. Became the grandfather of Queen Janggyeong
  13. The father of Queen Janggyeong
  14. He was the 6th cousin of Han Myeong-hoe (Queen Jangsun’s and Queen Gonghye’s father)
  15. He was a distant cousin of Seong Bong-jo (his sister-in-law's husband) and Seong Sam-mun
  16. He became the great-great-grandfather of Queen Munjeong and Yun Won-hyeong
  17. The great-grandfather of Queen Munjeong and Yun Won-hyeong
  18. The grandfather of Queen Munjeong and Yun Won-hyeong
  19. She was the maternal aunt of Queen Janggyeong
  20. Her adoptive son married Queen Janggyeong’s older sister
  21. She was also known before as Princess Consort Sunpyeong (승평부부인), then as Princess Consort Sangwon (상원군부인, 祥原郡夫人)
  22. Younger sister of Queen Jangsun
  23. His nephew, Jeong Se-Ho (1486 – 1563) (정세호, 鄭世虎), eventually became the maternal grandfather of King Seonjo, through his niece, Grand Internal Princess Consort Hadong
  24. He is a son of Jeong In-ji and his second wife, Lady Yi of the Gyeongju Yi clan
  25. She was the older sister of Queen Gonghye
  26. From the unofficial history (야사 野史), accurately from the "Geumgye Pildam" (금계필담 錦溪筆談; by Seo Yoo-yeong (서유영) in 1873), but unable to confirm from the official Annals. But in 1446 (Sejong's 28th year), the Annals recorded Grand Prince Suyang (as he was still known that time) as having "1 son & 2 daughters", but there is no record or possibility of her having existed
  27. The name recorded down in said unofficial history
  28. He was the grandson of Kim Jong-seo (김종서, 金宗瑞)
  29. A first cousin married the grandson of Sim On who was the father of Queen Soheon
  • Korea Heads
  • "Royal Ladies of Joseon Dynasty". The Talking Cupboard. 2 April 2015.
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